建筑本体(热工)、建筑总体及暖通空调节能设计的主旨与区别

建筑本体节能设计是建筑节能设计的基础部分,建筑热工节能设计是建筑本体节能设计的主要组成部分;暖通空调等建筑设备节能设计是建筑节能设计的终端部分,建筑总体节能设计由基础部分和终端部分组成。建筑本体节能设计旨在控制暖通空调等建筑设备的用能负荷,建筑热工节能设计旨在控制围护结构暖通空调负荷,暖通空调等建筑设备节能设计旨在控制其供用能系统效率,建筑总体节能设计旨在控制整个建筑物的能耗。《对公共建筑节能设计标准宣贯辅导教材》等相关文献中对上述几种节能设计(参数)的含义、功用与区别表述不甚清晰的部分进行了分析和讨论。     

既有建筑节能技术改造探讨

我国既有建筑面积已超过400亿平方米,其中仅有1％为节能建筑,其余无论从建筑围护结构还是从采暖空调系统来衡量,均属于高耗能建筑。为此,实施建筑节能,降低建筑能耗,减少环境污染,已刻不容缓。本文主要从建筑围护结构、空调、供热、电梯、照明、开水供应、用电质量、新能源利用等方面论述既有建筑的一些节能改造措施。     

节能技术对寒冷地区工业建筑能耗影响研究

寒冷地区工业建筑一般无需采用空调,节能重点主要在供暖系统设计方面。本文结合能耗模拟软件eQUEST从围护结构、供暖系统、照明等方面研究了不同节能技术对建筑能耗的影响程度,并利用SPSS软件进行数据处理,得到了不同节能技术措施对能耗影响的主次关系,为后续企业节能工作的实施提供参考依据。     

酒店建筑围护结构设计与能源管理

本文论述了酒店建筑围护结构的节能原理，建筑围护结构设计与建筑节能的若干重要问题及墙体、门窗、屋顶围护结构的节能技术与措施。     

试论建筑节能设计问题

分析当前我国的建筑能耗状况，强调建筑节重要意义，详细探讨了诸如建筑规划设计、围护结构（如墙体、门窗、屋顶）以及采暖空调等的各种节能问题。     

建筑围护结构节能技术与发展趋势

建筑围护结构节能技术是建筑节能的重要方面.本文对建筑围护结构中外墙、门窗和屋顶三个方而节能技术进行了介绍,并展望了三个方面建筑节能技术的发展趋势.     

某节能住宅小区地下水源热泵系统应用的经济性及节能性分析

针对咸阳市某节能住宅小区供冷供热的需求,依据建筑节能规范指标要求,进行围护结构热工设计与计算。结合当地丰富的浅层地下水资源条件,确定了利用地下水源热泵系统对该住宅小区进行供冷供热方案。对系统经济性和节能性进行计算与分析,对比分析了建筑围护结构和空调系统对建筑节能的贡献率,指出了建筑节能集成效益的优势。     

中央空调节能措施初探

节能己经成为热点问题。中央空调的能耗在建筑能耗中占很大比例,所以对它的研究意义重大。针对中央空调的原理,从建筑物的围护结构、空调水系统等方面,提出中央空调节能的具体措施和方法。     

从舒适性空调建筑围护结构热工性能看建筑节能

针对炎热地区夏季空调能耗大的现状,提出靠改善围护结构热工性能来降低空调耗能,并通过分析不同围护结构构件特点,说明应采取的节能技术方案的措施。     

马鞍山市多层住宅典型围护结构的空调能耗对比

选取马鞍山市某居住建筑为研究对象，运用eQUEST软件对其空调能耗进行了动态模拟。采用2000年与2008年市场主流建筑结构材料进行对比，计算和分析结果表明：改善居住建筑围护结构材料节能率可达到7．5％。     

Capacitive effect on the heat transfer through building glazing systems

In recent years, several intensive studies have been carried out in order to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. One solution lies on whole building energy simulation that permits to enable the heat (and moisture) transfer through the building envelope and, consequently, is a way to understand how to improve the building performance. This article aims to analyze the modeling level needed to successfully evaluate the heat transfer through glazing parts of windows in such whole-building simulations as it is well-known that windows are the thermally weakest elements of the building envelope.     

严寒地区节能建筑采暖能耗实测结果分析

实测的节能建筑采暖能耗数据对建筑节能的研究是必不可少的。本文介绍了长春市某节能建筑住宅楼的建筑围护结构及其低温辐射电热膜供热系统,对该建筑采暖能耗进行了采暖期的逐日实测与计算分析,提出降低节能建筑采暖能耗的几点新思路与实际作法。     

Energy conservation in large air-conditioned buildings: Use of evaporative roof cooling in hot and dry climates

Energy conservation potential of the evaporative roof cooling technique for a cinema house in a composite climate (characterized by Delhi) has been evaluated. Thermal loads due to heat conduction through the building envelope, the required ventilation and the occupants have been taken into account. Life-cycle-cost analysis has been employed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of this energy conservation technique. It is seen that evaporative cooling on the roof leads to a net saving of 14% in the initial investment and 17% in the annual cost.     

绝热材料在夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑节能中的应用

绝热材料是改善建筑围护结构的热工性能的关键，在建筑节能工作中占有极其重要地位。在结合相关的节能规范和绝热材料的调查基础上，分析了我国建筑行业中绝热材料的应用现状，特别是在住宅建筑外墙外保温和内保温中的应用，并提出了几点建议。     

Some aspects of modelling the energy balance of a room in regard to the impact of solar energy

The architecture of a building is crucial in determining its thermal energy balance and indoor comfort conditions. Knowledge of solar radiation availability and its transmission through a building envelope to the interior of the building helps an architect to design the building in an energy efficient way. Nowadays, in highly populated urban areas, attics are used as living spaces and the building envelope includes inclined external walls and windows in roofs. This paper presents some aspects of modelling the energy balance of rooms with different orientations and with vertical or inclined surfaces of building envelope, with stress on the impact of solar energy. The dynamics of energy flow through windows is analysed in more detail. One dimensional energy flow through the centre of glass area (based on a thermal resistance model), two-dimensional energy flow through the edge of glass area and two-dimensional heat flow through the opaque frame are analysed. The third dimension is also considered in a simplified way by taking into account the specific perimeter of the edge or frame. Stress is put on modelling the solar energy input. Solar radiation is modelled as short wave radiation that is transmitted directly to the room through glazing and as energy absorbed by the building envelope (glass panes, frame and opaque external walls) that becomes internal heat sources and is transferred indirectly to the room. The model developed has been used for numerical simulation using MATLAB as the programming language. This model predicts (amongst other things) the solar energy impact on the energy balance of a room in a building. It allows many cases of rooms and their envelopes to be run and evaluated and as a result both general and detailed conclusions can be drawn. Some results are presented in both graphical and tabular form.     

民用建筑节能影响因素分析

回顾民用建筑节能发展过程,针对我国民用建筑节能的发展现状,结合地区的气候特点,通过对民用建筑系统中影响城市民用建筑能源消耗的主要因素进行分析和研究,明确总体节能效果和各个因素对整体节能效果的贡献,探讨我国民用建筑节能的有效措施和节能的发展方向。     

Assessment of energy savings from the revised building energy code of Thailand

The government of Thailand legislated an Energy Conservation Promotion Act (ECP Act) in 1992 and set bye-laws that identify designated buildings (DBs) and detail mandatory requirements for energy conservation for DBs in 1995. An Energy Conservation Promotion Fund (ENCON Fund) was also created to fund energy audits on 1900 DBs. Recently the requirements and procedures for energy conservation in buildings have been revised where system performance requirements for building envelope, lighting, air-conditioning, and hot water generation are adopted. Moreover, the new building energy code (BEC) distinguishes different categories of DBs, provides credit for use of solar energy, and introduces a new option of whole building energy compliance. The authors develop building models from data obtained from energy audit reports and use them to estimate savings on energy and peak demand from future new buildings using forecasted energy and peak demand data from the Load Forecast Subcommittee, a panel tasked to forecast future electric load of Thailand. From a modest level of energy saving in the first year that the code is expected to be enforced, the level of saving rise to over 10% and 20% annually of requirement of target buildings in 6 and 12 years respectively.     

Influence of a building’s integrated-photovoltaics on heating and cooling loads

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has the potential to become a major source of renewable energy in the urban environment. BIPV has significant influence on the heat transfer through the building envelope because of the change of the thermal resistance by adding or replacing the building elements. Four different roofs are used to assess the impacts of BIPV on the building’s heating-and-cooling loads; namely ventilated air-gap BIPV, non-ventilated (closed) air-gap BIPV, closeroof mounted BIPV, and the conventional roof with no PV and no air gap. One-dimensional transient models of four cases are derived to evaluate the PV performances and building cooling-and-heating loads across the different roofs in order to select the appropriate PV building integration method in Tianjin, China. The simulation results show that the PV roof with ventilated air-gap is suitable for the application in summer because this integration leads to the low cooling load and high PV conversion efficiency. The PV roof with ventilation air-gap has a high time lag and small decrement factor in comparison with other three roofs and has the same heat gain as the cool roof of absorptance 0.4. In winter, BIPV of non-ventilated air gap is more appropriate due to the combination of the low heating-load through the PV roof and high PV electrical output.     

Analysis of embodied energy use in the residential building of Hong Kong

Energy use in buildings accounts for nearly half of the total primary energy use in Hong Kong. Until now, studies have primarily focused on energy conservation in building operation, even though recent research has indicated that the embodied energy used in residential buildings could account for up to 40% of the life-cycle energy used in residential buildings. Accordingly, this paper presents a study on the energy embodied in the residential building envelope of Hong Kong. A model for estimating the intensities of the embodied and demolition energy for buildings has been developed. Two typical high-rise residential buildings, the Housing Authority Harmony 1 and the New Cruciform blocks, are analysed based on the developed model. The results of the analysis provide an insight into the embodied energy usage profile in residential buildings in Hong Kong. Energy embodied in steel and aluminium ranks as the first and second largest energy demand and may account for more than three-quarters of the total embodied energy use in a residential building envelope in Hong Kong. This reveals those building components with significant potential for reduction in embodied energy demand.