高辐射率红外辐射节能涂料的制备与性能研究

以尖晶石结构的红外陶瓷粉料和堇青石高温焙烧制备复合红外辐射陶瓷粉料,然后与硅酸盐粘接剂混合配制涂料.用SEM、XRD和红外辐射测试等方法对复合红外辐射陶瓷粉料的结构、物相和涂层的红外辐射性能进行了表征.结果表明:经高温焙烧后具有尖晶石结构的粉料与堇青石之间未产生明显的高温固相反应,这有利于在高的工作温度下红外辐射涂层保持其物相结构和红外辐射性能的稳定.涂层在2.5～5 μm波段平均辐射率为0.88,6～15 μm波段辐射率达到0.9以上,而且具有良好的耐热震稳定性和节能效果.     

NiCr尖晶石型高温红外辐射涂层材料的制备和研究

采用料浆喷雾干燥工艺制备团聚型红外辐射粉体材料,经高温焙烧产生尖晶石结构,再用等离子喷涂工艺制备红外辐射涂层。利用SEM、TG-DTA、XRD和红外辐射测试等方法研究了涂层试样的结构和红外辐射性能。结果表明,料浆喷雾干燥法制出的粉末球化率高,经高温焙烧后获得的组织为N iCr2O4尖晶石结构,涂层法向全辐射率达到0.89,具有较好的稳定性和红外辐射性能。     

Y_2O_3掺杂对Mg_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)Fe_2O_4结构及红外性能的影响（英文）

采用常规固相合成法制备Y2O3掺杂的尖晶石型Mg0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4(MMF)红外辐射材料,借助于X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和红外发射率测试,研究了Y3+掺杂对材料的微观结构及红外辐射性能的影响。当Y2O3掺杂量为0.6%(质量分数)时,镁锰铁氧体性能最优,在3~5μm和8~12μm波段的红外发射率分别达到0.869和0.948。     

Cr2O3/NiO对金属基高辐射陶瓷涂层结合性能的影响

以熔块、粘土、ZrSiO4为基料,通过添加不同比例的Cr2O3/NiO,采用高温熔烧法在不锈钢金属基表面制备出结合性能较好的高辐射率陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM和红外辐射测试等方法对涂料的物相、结构形貌和红外辐射性能作了分析测试,结果表明:合理的加入Cr2O3/NiO经高温煅烧后,其可增强涂层材料对金属基的润湿性,NiO还可与基材发生物化反应,从而使涂层与基体之间形成牢固的结合。同时Cr2O3/NiO能与涂层材料中的其他成份形成立方尖晶石结构,有利于增大涂层辐射率。     

加入α-Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3对镁质材料性能的影响

以烧结镁砂、镁铝尖晶石、电熔镁砂细粉、活性α-Al2O3粉和Cr2O3粉为原料,以亚硫酸纸浆废液为结合剂,于1 760℃保温110 min烧成后制备了镁质材料,并研究加入α-Al2O3和Cr2O3对复合材料的性能特别是抗热震性、抗蠕变性和高温强度的影响。结果表明:在镁质材料中添加α-Al2O3和(或)Cr2O3均能提高材料的抗热震性、高温强度和抗蠕变性;在添加α-Al2O3的条件下复合引入Cr2O3时,有利于镁质材料高温抗折强度和抗蠕变性的提高,但抗热震性有所降低,当复合引入7.5%质量分数的α-Al2O3和3%质量分数的Cr2O3时,镁质材料的综合高温性能较好。     

堇青石--铁氧体基复合节能涂层的结构与红外辐射性能

以Fe2O3、MnO2、Cr2O3和堇青石粉末为原料,采用高温固相反应合成堇青石--铁氧体基红外辐射复合材料。以改良后的硅酸盐无机胶为黏结剂制备红外辐射涂料,采用涂刷工艺在普碳钢基体表面制备红外辐射节能涂层。利用热重--差热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及红外光谱对粉末的热稳定性、物相组成和微观结构及涂层的发射率进行分析。探讨了黏结剂的浓度、粉胶比对涂层机械性能的影响,确定了最佳的配料比及工艺制度。结果表明:当硅酸盐质量分数为32%、粉胶质量比为1∶1.2时,制备的红外辐射涂层具有较好的红外辐射性能和机械性能,在6~20μm波段内,红外辐射率在0.8以上,最高可达0.94;涂层的附着力为1级,且具有良好的耐磨性、耐冲击性和抗热震性能,可在600℃的碳钢基体表面长期使用。     

NiFe_2O_4红外高辐射涂层的制备及其热物理性能

采用固相法制备具有反式尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4粉体,将该粉体与硅酸钠水溶液混合制备了高辐射涂层。研究了NiFe2O4粉体的晶相结构、合成过程以及基料粉体的预处理温度、粉体粒径及涂层厚度等因素对NiFe2O4涂层辐射率的影响。结果表明:以Fe2O3和Ni2O3为原料,经过1 200℃高温固相反应可以制得具有高辐射率的反式尖晶石NiFe2O4粉体。制得的涂层辐射率随着NiFe2O4粉体粒径的减小而增加;随着涂层厚度的增加,辐射率呈现出先迅速增大至某一峰值然后缓慢下降,最后趋于某一固定值的变化规律。涂层厚度为0.08mm时红外辐射率最高为0.90。涂层的耐温性能良好。     

红外透明MgO–Y_2O_3纳米复相陶瓷研究进展

针对未来高马赫数导弹的发展趋势及红外窗口材料所面临的技术挑战,对比分析了当前几种常见的红外窗口材料。Mg O–Y_2O_3纳米复相陶瓷具有出色的中波红外透过性能、极低的高温辐射系数、优良的高温力学性能、适中的热学性能以及仅次于蓝宝石的抗热震性,使其有望成为未来高马赫数导弹红外窗口/整流罩的最佳候选材料。同时着重对Mg O–Y_2O_3纳米复相陶瓷的研究进展及其设计原理、制备方法和材料性能等做了综述和介绍,最后对其发展前景做了展望与分析。减小Mg O–Y_2O_3纳米复相陶瓷的晶粒尺寸有望实现该材料在可见光波段的应用,其力学性能也将进一步增强。真空烧结配合热等静压烧结的工艺路线有利于实现大尺寸、近净尺寸成型制备。     

NiO对红外辐射涂料中MgAlCrO4尖晶石产生的影响

为了得到主要组成为尖晶石结构的红外辐射涂料,我们以MgO、Al2O3和Cr2O3为原料,NiO为添加剂,采用固相烧结方法最终得到了这一红外辐射涂料.通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)以及扫描电镜分析(SEM)发现,涂料的主要组成成分为MgAlCrO4尖晶石;并且涂料中含有大量的固溶体结构;通过实验对比以及对MgAlCrO4尖晶石产生的机理的研究发现,涂料中NiO的存在对于MgAlCrO4尖晶石的产生起到了重要的促进作用.     

专利速报

本发明公开了一种用于工业窑炉内衬表面的红外辐射涂料，其由下列原料（质量分数）配制而成：尖晶石一硅酸盐多相复合体系红外辐射粉料30％一60％、无机结合助剂1％～10％、黏结剂25％～60％、防沉降剂O-2％、分散剂0—1％、消泡剂0～1％、流平剂0～1％。本发明还公开了红外辐射涂料的使用方法。本发明的涂料干燥固化后，形成的涂层表面致密，具有优良的红外辐射性能，能够与耐火材料、金属等基体牢固结合，在高温下长期使用不开裂、不脱落、耐腐蚀、抗热震性能优良。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.