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概括论述了我国民用煤的来源和现状,分析了民用煤不同煤种和形态的特点,讨论了不同燃烧方式的原理及污染排放情况;根据研究现状重点分析了关于民用煤的洁净化利用方法,针对民用煤的燃前加工、燃烧技术和燃后处理三方面论述,做到从源头治理,提高过程效率,有效处理烟气污染,提出了我国民用煤洁净化利用的建议和思路:研究型煤固硫机理和影响因素,开发高固硫率型煤,研制成本低、机械性能好、适用性强的生物质型煤,推广型煤替代散煤;开发高效、洁净、低成本民用灶具,提高民用煤热效率,实现洁净燃烧;实现燃煤烟气处理系统的民用化。 相似文献
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《煤炭加工与综合利用》2019,(6)
为考察不同燃料在小区域供暖炉具中的NO_x排放特性,分别以原煤和洁净型煤为燃料进行了燃烧试验;结果表明,相比燃用原煤,洁净型煤可以降低NO_x排放33%,实现炉内降氮的目的;单个洁净型煤在层燃炉具燃烧中经历了动力燃烧、过渡燃烧、扩散燃烧、燃尽等4个过程,在燃烧中通过贫氧气氛抑制、还原性气体和焦炭还原等过程降低NO_x,具有自还原NO_x的作用。 相似文献
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关于中国洁净煤技术发展的若干思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中国发展洁净煤技术应覆盖煤炭开发利用的全过程,针对多终端用户,优选实用的 先进技术。中国的洁净煤技术是以提高煤炭利用效率,减少污染为目标,以煤炭洗选为源头,以煤炭气化为先导,以煤炭高效洁净燃烧和洁净煤发电为核心的技术体系,框架包括4个领域共12个方面:煤炭加工(选煤、型煤、水煤浆);煤炭高效洁净燃烧(流化床燃烧,高效低污染粉煤燃烧,燃煤联合循环发电);煤炭转化(气化,液化,燃料电池);污染控制(烟 相似文献
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实验对比研究了烟煤块状半焦及烟煤型煤等煤炭燃料在民用解耦炉中燃烧时的污染物排放特性和炊事能力,并基于解耦测试炉对烟煤型煤的特征尺寸进行优化,验证了解耦炉具对不同种类民用煤炭燃料的适应性。结果表明,民用解耦燃煤炉具特有的结构特征和通风方式有利于NOx和CO的同时减排。若在解耦炉中燃烧烟煤洁净型煤,可进一步实现对SO2和颗粒物(PM)的有效控制。型煤尺寸对炉具污染物排放影响显著,尺寸优化后的烟煤洁净型煤在解耦炉中稳定燃烧时NO, SO2, CO和PM的平均排放浓度按基准氧含量9vol%折算后,分别低于190, 300, 380和30 mg/m3,炊事功率可达1.65 kW。 相似文献
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《煤炭加工与综合利用》2017,(1)
从洁净型煤的原料煤出发,分析了晋城无烟末煤的煤质、供应稳定性、运距及用户反映情况等;利用晋城无烟末煤制备的洁净型煤燃烧性能、排放性能均满足环保要求,机械性能也适合长距离运输,是当前洁净煤市场中最适合大面积推广的燃料,也是京津冀和山东等地政府的主推品种;认为晋城无烟末煤是制备洁净型煤的优质原料。 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院有限公司《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2009,37(3)
收集了2007年7月~2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007~2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2007,35(3):1-25,67
收集了2005年7月~2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。 相似文献