微粒的导电性对复合镀层结构与性能的影响

在复合电沉积过程中辅助施加超声波搅拌,制备出Ni-Al和Ni-Al2O3两种复合镀层。借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机研究了微粒的导电性对复合镀层形貌、相结构及性能的影响。结果表明:微粒的导电性对复合镀层的形貌、相结构和显微硬度均有一定影响,但对耐磨性的影响不明显;添加惰性微粒有利于获得形貌良好、结构致密、显微硬度较高的复合镀层。     

超声波功率对Cu-SiO_2复合镀层形貌与性能的影响

采用超声波辅助电沉积工艺制备Cu-SiO_2复合镀层,借助扫描电镜、粗糙度仪、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,研究超声波功率对复合镀层形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,较低功率(0~160 W)超声波起不到改善和提高复合镀层形貌与性能的效果,较高功率(240~400 W)超声波能够明显改善复合镀层的形貌平整性和致密性,并且提高性能;超声波功率过高,反而使复合镀层形貌变差,性能下降。超声波功率为400 W时,复合镀层呈颗粒状形貌,表面粗糙度仅为0.42μm,显微硬度达到166.8 HV,磨损质量损失率为1.07 mg/min,表现出良好的摩擦磨损性能。     

工艺参数对电镀镍钴合金及其性能的影响

在氨基磺酸盐镀液体系中,采用电沉积法制备Ni-Co合金镀层,采用SEM、XRD与维氏硬度仪分析镀层相结构、微观形貌及显微硬度,并研究了沉积电流密度、氨基磺酸钴浓度及电镀液温度对镀层微观结构与显微硬度的影响.结果表明:阴极电流密度对镀层的择优取向无显著影响,但对各衍射峰强度影响较大.氨基磺酸钴浓度对择优取向有明显影响,当...     

脉冲电镀中脉冲参数对镍镀层显微硬度的影响

采用传统的瓦特镀液通过脉冲电镀制得纯镍镀层。研究了脉冲参数对镀层微观形貌与显微硬度的影 响。结果表明:镀层表面形貌为胞状结构;随着脉冲峰值电流密度的增加,胞状结构的尺寸逐渐变小,镀层显微硬度先增 加后减小;随着占空比的减小,最大显微硬度值对应的峰值电流密度增大,占空比减小到一定值后,峰值电流密度的改变 对显微硬度影响不再明显。     

工艺参数对铝合金化学镀镍层微观形貌的影响

在铝合金表面制备化学镀镍层。利用扫描电子显微镜,讨论工艺参数对合金镀层微观形貌的影响。通过显微硬度计,确定不同合金镀层的显微硬度。结果表明:温度对合金镀层的微观形貌影响较大,在84℃下可获得均匀致密的合金镀层;光亮剂有较好的细化晶粒作用,添加光亮剂后镀层的平整度提高,晶粒更加均匀细致;合金镀层具有较高的显微硬度,最高可达5 620MPa。     

电沉积方法对Ni-SiC纳米微粒复合镀层结构与性能的影响

分别采用磁力搅拌-直流电沉积法、超声波搅拌-直流电沉积法和超声波搅拌-脉冲电流沉积法制备Ni-SiC纳米微粒复合镀层,并探讨电沉积方法对复合镀层组织结构、显微硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:超声波搅拌能引发扰动搅拌和击碎分散等综合效应,对共沉积过程起到积极促进作用,明显改善复合镀层的形貌组织,提高硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性;并且进一步替代加载脉冲电流后,脉冲电流和超声波的作用叠加,使电沉积制备的复合镀层表面更平整,结构更致密,硬度更高,耐磨性和耐蚀性也更好。     

超声波功率对Ni-Co/ZrO2复合电沉积的影响及电化学研究

在氨基磺酸盐电解质溶液中,采用超声波辅助电沉积的方法,于纯铜板表面制备了Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层。研究了超声波功率对Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的表面形貌、相结构、显微硬度及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:超声波功率直接影响复合镀层中纳米微粒的复合量,从而影响复合镀层的结构和性能。超声波功率为240 W时所得复合镀层的显微硬度最高,纳米微粒的复合量最大,耐蚀性最强。同时,超声波功率为240 W时引起的阴极极化最大,有利于纳米微粒与基质金属的共沉积。     

内养护对不同细度水泥制备的砂浆性能的影响

研究了饱和轻骨料内养护对不同细度水泥配制的砂浆自收缩、强度、水化程度、显微硬度以及界面过渡区形貌等的影响。结果发现：内养护可显著降低不同细度水泥配制的砂浆的早期自收缩,但减缩效果随着水泥比表面积增大而降低;内养护的砂浆后期自收缩仍持续增加,水泥越粗,自收缩后期增长越大;内养护能够显著促进水泥早期水化,这种促进作用在细水泥中最显著。在相同条件下,轻骨料的引入对砂浆强度的影响作用与水泥细度有关;显微硬度以及界面过渡区微观形貌结果显示,轻骨料内养护能显著改善粗水泥体系微观结构,对细水泥体系微观结构的改善则无显著贡献。     

超声场中35CrMo钢中温锌-钙系磷化的研究

对锌-钙系磷化液施加了超声波振动,在35CrMo钢表面制备了超声磷化膜,同时在常规水浴环境中制备了常规磷化膜作为对比。采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、维氏硬度计和电化学工作站对两种磷化膜的微观形貌、元素组成、显微硬度和耐蚀性进行了表征和测试。结果表明:两种磷化膜都完整地覆盖在35CrMo钢表面,但微观形貌存在很大差异。两种磷化膜都由Zn、Ca、P和O元素组成。与常规磷化膜相比,超声磷化膜中Zn元素的质量分数较高,Ca元素的质量分数较低。两种磷化膜都能在一定程度上提高35CrMo钢的显微硬度和耐蚀性。     

电压对6061铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜性能的影响

研究了电压对6061铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜相结构、微观形貌和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,随工作电压增大,微弧氧化陶瓷膜的厚度增大,表面粗糙度和显微硬度先增大后减小,耐磨性先变好后变差。电压为500 V时,所得的微弧氧化陶瓷膜厚度为12.5μm,显微硬度最高(407 HV),耐磨性最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。