浅谈电子接插件高速连续电镀中的故障处理

0前言电子接插件的基材主要是铜及其合金。为了提高基材的导电性、耐蚀性和耐磨性等性能,大多数产品表面要进行电镀处理。在电子接插件的电镀生产工艺中,高速连续电镀具有镀速快、节约贵金属、自动化程度高及产品质量稳定等优点,被大多数电镀厂家广泛采用。本文介绍了电子接插件高速连续电镀的设备、类型、工艺流程及常见故障处理等。     

接插件电镀锡铅故障处理

1前言 随着电子、通讯行业的蓬勃发展,对各种精密零组件的需求日益增大,而由于接插件功能性电镀锡铅的独特性,所产生的电镀故障虽与一般电镀相同,但原因及防止方法却不同,有些故障和处理方法是接插件电镀所独有的.本文将常见的接插件高速电镀中故障处理,介绍如下.     

磷青铜合金接插件连续电镀薄金工艺优化

通过正交试验对磷青铜基材接插件连续选镀薄金的主要工序进行优化，包括微蚀、电镀填平镍、电镀半光镍、电镀高磷镍、电镀金和封孔。硝酸蒸汽试验结果表明，采用较佳工艺所得电镀金试样的耐蚀性满足电子接插件的要求。实际生产中该工艺的产品合格率在99.5%以上。     

钼上无氰镀金

钼及钼合金电镀主要用来防氧化和便于钎焊.本文介绍钼上(如电子接插件)镀铬/镍,然后进行无氰镀金的应用工艺.     

电子接插件高速连续电镀中的快速换线

对某电子接插件高速连续电镀中的换线过程进行了研究和优化.通过将部分内部换线时间转变为外部换线时间,缩短内部换线时间及改善外部换线时间等步骤,使换线过程中的停机时间由原来的89 min 31 s缩短为17 min 18 s,大大缩短了换线时间,提高了开机率.     

接插件的表面处理

综述了接插件的连续镀金，钯及锡电镀工艺，同时还论及了电镀设备、电渡液及电镀层的性质以及连续电镀的高速化。     

连续电镀无磷金属脱脂剂综合评价方法研究

电子接插件金属零件基材表面因模具冲压工艺过程中使用模具切削油而粘附大量油脂等污染物,因此,评估电镀前处理除油工序使用的脱脂剂的除油特性对电镀企业合理选用除油效果好、成本低、效率高及环保性能优良脱脂剂意义重大。为此,建立连续电镀脱脂剂的质量、效率、成本和环保特性的实验室综合评价试验方法,以供电镀生产过程选择经济适用环保的电解脱脂剂提供技术支撑,利用该评价方法对三种品牌的电解脱脂剂进行综合评价,结果显示,1#脱脂剂综合使用性能最优。     

书讯

《接插件电镀》(作者:沈涪)定价:26元本书对电子元件中近几年来需求量较大、在电器上使用较为广泛的接插件的电镀工艺进行了综合性描述。书中在介绍以电连接器为代表的接插元件的各类电镀工艺时,以一些常见的质量问题结合实例的分析作     

脉冲电沉积Fe-Cr合金镀层性能的研究

从三价铬溶液中脉冲电沉积制得Fe-Cr合金镀层,并对Fe-Cr合金镀层的表面形貌、成分、结构、耐蚀性等进行了分析。结果表明:Fe-Cr合金镀层表面光亮,无孔蚀,其中Cr元素的质量分数为28.62%,晶粒尺寸分布在2~50nm之间;与304不锈钢相比,Fe-Cr合金镀层在5%的H2SO4溶液中的耐蚀性更好。     

接插件的表面处理

综述了接插件连续镀金、钯、锡的电镀工艺，包括设备、镀液和镀层性质。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。