H_2O_2-Cu~(2+)化学氧化法合成聚苯胺纳米纤维

以硫酸铜(CuSO4)为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,通过"无模板"化学氧化聚合制备出聚苯胺纳米纤维。研究了温度、H2O2的浓度、催化剂的浓度对聚苯胺的产率、电导率、反应速度的影响,确定出最佳聚合反应条件为:苯胺0.1 mol/L,盐酸1 mol/L,H2O2 0.15 mol/L,CuSO40.05 mol/L,反应时间为24小时。在此条件下合成聚苯胺的产率为58.2%,电导率为1.98 S/cm。红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱确定了合成聚苯胺的结构,扫描电镜图中发现制备导电聚苯胺呈纤维状,直径大约为60~80 nm,长度大约为400 nm。     

聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈导电复合材料的研究

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂 ,研究了苯胺在聚丙烯腈纤维表面的原位聚合反应制备聚苯胺 /聚丙烯腈导电复合材料的条件。确定了最佳工艺条件 :氧化剂的用量 0 2mol/L、苯胺的浓度 0 1～ 0 3mol/L ,掺杂酸以对甲苯磺酸为最好。聚苯胺 /聚丙烯腈导电复合材料的质量比电阻在 10 4～ 10 5Ω·g/cm2 范围 ,聚苯胺树脂在聚丙烯腈纤维表面呈颗粒分布 ;与聚丙烯腈原纤维材料相比 ,复合材料的断裂强度略有降低 ,而断裂伸长率基本不变     

聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯胺复合材料的制备与性能

以过硫酸铵(APS)和FeCl3为复合氧化剂,采用原位化学氧化聚合法合成了导电聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯胺(PEDOT/PANI)复合材料,研究了苯胺浓度及加入时间、复合氧化剂配比和复合乳化剂配比对复合材料性能的影响,并对复合材料进行了分析. 结果表明,PEDOT/PANI复合材料合成的较佳工艺条件为：3,4-乙烯二氧噻(EDOT) 0.6 mol/L、复合氧化剂 0.6 mol/L(FeCl3:APS=1:2, mol)、复合乳化剂 0.4 mol/L(SDBS:CTAB=2:3, mol)、复合掺杂剂1.2 mol/L(H2SO4:SSA=4:1, mol)及苯胺0.8 mol/L, EDOT聚合2 h后加入苯胺溶液继续反应8 h. 复合材料的导电性、结晶性和热稳定性比纯导电聚合物好.     

电化学法制备的聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的微结构及性能研究

采用电化学方法制备出聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对氧化石墨烯、聚苯胺和聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的结构进行表征。结果表明,聚苯胺纳米颗粒均匀分布在石墨烯片层间。聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的比电容最大为238 F/g。循环1 000次以后,聚苯胺的电容衰减24. 5%,而复合材料的电容衰减15%。与聚苯胺相比,聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的电容量高、循环稳定性好,电导率从5 S/cm提高到10 S/cm。     

硫酸亚铁-过氧化氢体系绿色合成聚苯胺的研究

以硫酸亚铁-过氧化氢为绿色催化氧化体系合成了聚苯胺。探讨了硫酸亚铁浓度、过氧化氢的用量、反应体系酸度、反应温度、苯胺浓度等工艺条件对聚苯胺收率的影响,分析了该体系中苯胺可能的聚合机理,推测并初步验证了反应液重复使用的可行性。在亚铁浓度为3.36×10-4mol/L,n(过氧化氢)∶n(苯胺)=1.4∶1.0,反应温度为70℃,H+(硫酸)浓度1.5 mol/L,单体浓度0.9 mol/L条件下,聚苯胺收率为77.2%。     

纳米棒状聚苯胺/席夫碱复合材料的制备及其电性能研究

采用种子聚合法制备了纳米棒状聚苯胺/席夫碱复合材料,研究了席夫碱用量、酸的浓度、有机介质对复合材料导电性能的影响。通过红外光谱、紫外光谱和扫描电镜对复合材料的结构及表面形态进行了表征。结果表明,室温下,保持席夫碱质量为15 %,盐酸浓度为2 mol/L,乙二醇介质中,复合物的电导率最高可达到1.201 S/cm,比聚苯胺的电导率(9.21×10^-6 S/cm)提高了6个数量级,同时聚苯胺/席夫碱复合物分散性和耐热性明显改善。     

基于电化学合成法的活性炭-铅笔芯电极表面聚苯胺电磁性能研究

为优化聚苯胺(PANI)电磁性能,基于活性炭-铅笔芯电极(AC-PEC)表层,通过电化学合成法的循环伏安法,以荷电量完善制备准备工作,从而生成聚苯胺-活性炭(PANI-AC)复合材料。结果表明,带有0.22mol/L苯胺的0.32mol/L H_2SO_4与0.22mol/L KCl共同储放于溶液,基于0.05V/s扫描速度,连续扫描8圈,以及75mg/mL活性炭分散液质量浓度,1.52cmAC-PEC长度条件下,PANI-AC荷电量最高,稳定状态最佳,而核-壳结构导电性能良好;与PANI、AC相比,PANI-AC阻抗性明显偏低,且面向7.46GHz-15.14GHz电磁波有着差异性吸收,吸波范围较宽;电化学合成法制备复合材料,流程简洁,条件容易控制,产物不需分离提纯,并能实现聚苯胺掺杂,以优化其电化学性能。     

伏安法对聚苯胺溶液中铅的检测与分析

文章利用化学氧化法合成的聚苯胺作为吸附剂,研究了伏安法测定痕量经聚苯胺吸附后溶液中的铅离子。研究发现,在电位-0.51 V能产生铅的灵敏溶出峰,线性范围分别为0.008~0.08μg/L,检出限分别为2.0×10-9 g/L。利用聚苯胺,对初始浓度为1.0×10-3 g/L的标准溶液吸附,Pb2+最大吸附量为0.299 mg/g,吸附率为99.94%。通过采用1.6 mol/L HNO3解吸,得到回收率为97%,富集倍数为10倍。可用于水中痕量铅的富集与测定,结果满意。     

原位聚合沉积制备聚苯胺/聚酰亚胺/聚苯胺复合膜

以聚酰亚胺(PI)膜为基体,采用分散聚合原位沉积方法制得聚苯胺/聚酰亚胺/聚苯胺(PANI/PL/PANI)三层复合膜.复合膜表面PANI层外观质量优异,电导率达10~0S/cm.实验结果表明:加入高浓度空间稳定剂(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVP)、调整氧化剂(过硫酸铵,APS)和介质酸(盐酸)的用量可制得表面质量和电导率高的复合膜.较适宜的反应条件为稳定剂质量浓度4%,APS与苯胺(An)的物质的量比为2:4,盐酸浓度为0.5 mol/L.     

有机磷酸酯掺杂聚苯胺的研究

以有机磷酸酯为掺杂剂、过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用化学氧化法合成导电聚苯胺。在苯胺浓度为0．1mol/L、有机磷酸酯浓度为0．3mol／L、过硫酸铵浓度为0．12mol/L、温度10℃、聚合反应时间3．5小时的条件下,合成了电导率达0．42s/cm的聚苯胺。采用红外光谱和X－射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.