镍基纳米复合镀层的研究进展

综述了镍基纳米复合镀层的研究现状。阐述了复合镀层的沉积机理、纳米微粒在复合镀层中的作用机理、纳米微粒在镍基镀液中的分散以及镍基纳米复合镀层的种类和性能。指出了纳米复合镀技术研究中存在的问题和发展方向。     

纳米颗粒对复合电刷镀过程中镀液特性及镀层沉积速度的影响

本文研究了特快镍刷镀液(TK-Ni)及两种不同纳米颗粒含量的纳米Al2O3／特快镍复合刷镀液(10n／TK-Ni和30n／TK-Ni，其中前者纳米颗粒含量较少)在刷镀过程中的温度和密度变化及复合镀层厚度的变化，解释了纳米颗粒的加入对镀液温度和密度的影响及对镀层沉积速率的影响。试验结果表明：刷镀过程中含纳米颗粒的复合镀液的温度和密度均较高，且二者均随纳米颗粒含量的增大而升高；随刷镀过程的进行，镀液温度升高，密度减小，复合镀液密度在刷镀时间达30min后出现回升现象；复合镀层沉积速度较快，且镀层沉积速度随镀液中纳米颗粒含量增加而增大。     

工艺参数对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层硬度的影响

为了提高结晶器铜板的使用寿命,采用电沉积的方法得到了Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层。采用单因素实验法对影响电镀层硬度的阴极电流密度、SiC纳米微粒添加量、pH及温度等进行了研究。结果表明,Ni基SiC纳米复合电镀工艺参数均对复合镀层的硬度有影响。对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层的表面形貌进行了测试,确定最优工艺条件为8g/L SiC纳米微粒,Jκ为3A/dm2,pH为4.0,θ为30℃。纳米复合镀层的硬度与纯镍镀层相比有明显提高。     

含纳米粉镀液的电刷镀复合镀层试验研究

应用电刷镀技术制备了含有纳米SiC粉的镍基复合镀层，对该复合镀层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能进行了测试，并讨论了主要工艺参数对这些性能的影响规律。测试结果表明：纳米SiC粉的加入可以一定程度的提高复合镀层的硬度。快镍复合纳米SiC镀层的摩擦因数低于快镍镀层的摩擦因数。镀液中纳米SiC粉和添加剂浓度增加时，复合镀层的摩擦因数有降低趋势。与快镍镀层相比，快镍复合纳米SiC镀层的耐磨性有较大幅度的提高。还采用光学显微分析(OM)和电子探针(EPMA)研究了对该复合镀层的表面形貌、组织和元素分布特点，并提出了纳米SiC粉与镍共沉积的机理。     

镍-磷-纳米颗粒化学复合镀的研究现状及发展

综述了近年来镍-磷-纳米颗粒化学复合镀的研究情况。阐述了镍-磷-纳米颗粒化学复合镀的机理、镀液中各成分的作用、纳米颗粒的分散、纳米复合镀层的结构和性能。指出了纳米化学复合镀在今后的研究方向———纳米颗粒的分散和功能性复合镀层。     

镍—磷—纳米颗粒化学复合底的研究现状及发展

综述了近年来镍-磷-纳米颗粒化学复合镀的研究情况。阐述了镍-磷--纳米颗粒化学复合镀的机理，镀液中各成分的作用，纳米颗粒的分散，纳米复合镀层的结构和性能。指出了纳米化学复合镀在今后的研究方向-纳米颗粒的分散和功能性复合镀层。     

纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层的研究进展

综述了纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层的研究进展。纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层具有致密的组织结构和优良的综合性能,潜在应用前景广阔。解决目前纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层制备中存在的难题,将推动纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层的研究向深层拓展。     

船用柴油机活塞杆表面微粒增强镍基复合镀层的制备及其性能分析

采用电沉积方法,在船用柴油机活塞杆表面分别制备纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层、亚微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层和微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层。分析了三者的显微形貌、晶相结构及磨痕形貌,并测定了硬度。结果表明:与亚微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层和微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层相比,纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层的外观显得更加光亮,硬度接近5 800 MPa。     

Ni-P基纳米化学复合镀层的研究进展

对近年来Ni-P基纳米化学复合镀层的发展情况进行综述,总结了纳米复合镀沉积机理及数学模型。重点概述了纳米粒子的分散状态、纳米粒子的添加量、镀液的p H三种影响因素,分析了纳米复合镀层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的研究现状,其中包含了激光表面改性技术对镀层的强化作用;最后对纳米复合镀层的发展趋势进行展望。     

电刷镀含纳米SiC粉复合镀层试验研究

本文应用电刷镀技术制备了含有纳米ＳｉＣ粉的镍基复合镀层,对该复合镀层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能进行了测试,并讨论了主要工艺参数对这些性能的影响规律。文中还采用ＯＭ和ＥＰＭＡ研究了该复合镀层的组织、表面形貌和元素分布特点,在此基础上提出了纳米粉与镍共沉积的机理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。