镀锌层硅酸盐钝化膜的现状及展望

针对钝化膜的研究现状,从工艺改进、联合添加剂以及无机有机复合钝化三个方面详细介绍了国内外提高镀锌层硅酸盐钝化膜耐蚀性的具体方法,并对镀锌层的腐蚀机理进行了初步探讨。最后指出提高硅酸盐钝化膜耐蚀性仍是今后研究的重点。     

硫脲对镀锌层硅酸盐钝化作用的影响

采用盐雾试验测试了锌镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性,研究了硫脲对镀锌层硅酸盐钝化作用的影响。实验结果表明,在硅酸盐钝化液中加入一定量的硫脲,可以使镀锌层转化膜的耐蚀性增强,但当其浓度较低时却会降低转化膜的耐蚀性。     

镀锌层硅酸盐钝化工艺研究

采用盐雾试验测试锌镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性,研究了镀锌层硅酸盐钝化的工艺条件。实验结果表明,在pH 3.0、温度30℃、钝化时间90 s的钝化工艺条件下,硅酸盐钝化液组成为硅酸钠40 g/L、98%硫酸4 mL/L、30%过氧化氢40 mL/L、硫脲7 g/L、67%硝酸2 mL/L、85%磷酸2 mL/L时,镀锌层钝化膜具有较强的耐蚀性。     

不同镀锌层的三价铬钝化膜耐蚀性能比较

采用中性盐雾实验NSS、Tafel曲线研究了酸性氯化钾镀锌层、碱性锌酸盐镀锌层和碱性氰化物镀锌层采用三价铬溶液进行钝化处理所得钝化膜的耐腐蚀能力和电化学行为。盐雾实验结果表明:碱性氰化物镀锌层采用三价铬溶液进行钝化处理所得钝化膜的耐蚀性能最好,碱性锌酸盐镀锌层次之,酸性氯化钾镀锌层最差;5%NaCl及3%NaOH溶液中的Tafel曲线显示:碱性氰化物镀锌层采用三价铬溶液进行钝化处理所得钝化膜的腐蚀速率最小,碱性锌酸盐镀锌层次之,酸性氯化钾镀锌层最大。     

高耐蚀Zn-Ni合金电镀工艺

介绍一种高耐蚀性Zn-Ni合金镀液配方及电镀工艺流程,阐述了Zn-Ni合金镀液成分及工艺条件的影响及维护方法。对Zn-Ni合金镀层进行钝化处理后,通过中性盐雾试验,并与镀锌层进行比较,Zn-Ni合金镀层的耐蚀性高于镀锌层4~8倍。该配方具有成本低、工艺简单、分散性好、操作方便及镀层易钝化等优点。     

镀锌钢板墨绿色钝化膜分析研究

对镀锌层上墨绿色钝化膜进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和x射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析.SEM观察表明,钝化膜表面较为均匀平整,钝化膜层与镀锌层之间以及镀锌层与钢铁基体之间均结合紧密,没有裂纹等组织缺陷出现,镀锌层及钝化膜层较厚,共12.423μm,其中墨绿色钝化膜层厚度为1.734 μm.XPS分析结果表明,钝化膜由Cr、O、P、N、Zn等元素组成,并可能以CrOOH、Cr(OH)3、Cr2O3、ZnO、Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O、FeOOH、Fe(OH)3、Cr2(SO4)3等化合物的形式存在于钝化膜中.经墨绿色钝化工艺处理的环保锌覆层钢板,外观呈墨绿色,色泽均匀,光度柔和,满足了客户要求.     

不同镀锌工艺三价铬钝化耐腐蚀性研究

采用中性盐雾试验和电化学阻抗谱,研究了酸性氯化钾镀锌、碱性无氰镀锌和碱性氰化物镀锌3种工艺所得镀锌层经三价铬彩色钝化后钝化膜的耐蚀性.结果表明:钝化后,酸性氯化钾镀锌层的耐蚀性最好,碱性无氰镀锌层次之,碱性氰化物镀锌层最差.在质量分数为1%的氯化钠溶液中,镀锌层钝化膜电阻的大小顺序为:酸性氯化钾镀锌>碱性无氰镀锌>碱性氰化物镀锌.酸性氯化钾镀锌钝化膜的耐蚀性较好可以与所得镀层中有机杂质夹杂较少有关.     

常用镀锌层钝化工艺概述

列举了11种常用的彩虹色、军绿色、黑色、蓝白色、金黄色镀锌钝化液体系的典型配方及工艺。系统地介绍了常用镀锌钝化工艺的应用状况,包括工艺条件、膜层性能、特点等。并指出了每种钝化液的性能和膜层质量的优劣,以及随着环境保护要求的提高,用低毒性钝化剂取代铬酸盐钝化是镀锌钝化的主要方向。     

从无氰镀锌钝化膜变色的过程探寻变色的原因

无论铵盐镀锌还是碱性锌酸盐镀锌,都存在钝化膜变色的情况,这也是无氰镀锌至今不能完全取代氰化镀锌的主要原因之一。无氰镀锌钝化膜为什么会变色?看法不一,尚在研究和探讨之中。现在谈谈笔者在这方面所做的工作,从无氰镀锌钝化膜变色的过程探寻变色的原因。一镀锌层钝化膜彩色随钝化膜中三价铬和六价铬的含量比例不同而不同镀锌层常用的钝化处理为铬酸彩色钝化,表面生成彩虹色钝化膜,钝化条件不一样,钝化膜彩色也不相同,例如,浸渍同一铬酸彩色钝化液的镀锌     

镀锌层绿黑色钝化

目前摩托车、汽车、仪表等镀锌层的钝化膜流行带有绿色调的黑钝化膜，既区别于军绿色钝化膜，又区别于全黑色的钝化膜。这种钝化膜具有良好的耐蚀性和耐磨性，它可从含有低浓度的铬酐、硫酸、硝酸等多种成分的钝化液中获得。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.