AZ31镁合金细管静液挤压工艺及组织性能分析

镁合金由于良好的生物相容性、可降解性和优良的力学性能,而展现出在医疗器械应用上的优越性.以AZ31镁合金为研究对象,研究镁合金细管静液挤压成形新技术,并且开发出一种高强韧AZ31镁合金薄壁细管.结果表明:模具预热温度为300℃,挤压坯料温度200℃,挤压比为17 ～31.5,采用超细石墨-PVC塑料粉制备的静液挤压用传力润滑介质进行静液挤压,获得的细管综合性能最好;挤压管坯组织与挤压前相比,得到明显改善,挤压前平均晶粒粒径为150μm,挤压后平均晶粒粒径＜7.0μm;抗压强度由均匀化处理后的210.5MPa提高至挤压后的375.2MPa.     

不同温度下镁合金挤压棒材组织性能研究

研究了不同挤压温度对ZK60镁合金挤压棒材组织、织构及性能的影响规律。随着挤压温度升高,挤压棒材的再结晶程度逐渐增加。当挤压温度由250℃增加到300℃时,棒材的平均晶粒尺寸dm和RSD值分别由4.21μm和1.34减小到3.83μm和1.16,晶粒均匀细小;温度进一步升高到350℃时,平均晶粒尺寸有所增加,组织均匀性大幅降低。同时随着挤压温度不断提升,棒材内部基面织构有所减弱,织构的主要组分为(0001)[1010]和(1120)[1010]织构。在晶粒细化、组织均匀性改善以及织构弱化的作用下,300℃时棒材的综合力学性能最优,伸长率为26.7%,抗拉强度为332MPa,同时拉压非对称性CYS/TYS明显减弱。     

挤压温度和挤压比对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

本文研究了挤压比和挤压温度对AZ31镁合金热挤压材显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,挤压可以显著细化AZ31合金的显微组织,挤压比越大,晶粒尺寸越细小,力学性能得到较大提高;随着挤压温度的升高,晶粒有所长大,抗拉强度基本呈减小趋势,而延伸率则先升后降;挤压比为35、挤压温度为350℃时,可得到细化均匀的合金组织和良好的力学性能.     

非对称轧制对AZ31B镁合金组织及性能的影响

开展了非对称轧制对AZ31B镁合金晶粒细化影响的研究,分析了不同温度及不同压下率时宏观形貌和晶粒尺寸变化,并与对称轧制作了对比。结果表明,非对称轧制的整体晶粒尺寸比对称轧制更为细化;非对称轧制在温度为350 ℃、压下率为60%时晶粒最为细小均匀,上表面、中心层和下表面的平均晶粒尺寸分别为2.35、2.84和2.22 μm。在初轧温度为300～350 ℃范围内,组织产生充分动态再结晶;随着轧制温度继续升高,晶界产生充分迁移和扩散,晶粒随之长大,导致镁合金的综合性能变差。非对称轧制板材的抗拉强度和断后伸长率都优于对称轧制板材,在400 ℃轧制时,压下率为30%时获得较为优异的综合力学性能,抗拉强度为365.36 MPa,断后伸长率为34.9%。     

Mg-15Al合金的等温处理组织演变

本文对经Al-5Ti-0.25C细化的Mg-15Al合金进行半固态等温处理;研究了细化效果、等温温度、保温时间对含铝15%镁合金半固态浆料组织的影响。结果表明:熔体温度790℃时加入0.8%的Al-5Ti-0.25C,该合金细化效果最好;在540℃进行半固态等温处理90min,得到细小圆整均匀的半固态球状组织。     

喷射成形7055铝合金锻件的高温力学性能

对喷射成形7055铝合金挤压棒材进行自由锻造及T74热处理(450℃/3 h+475℃/3 h固溶,120℃/8h+160℃/24 h时效),然后分别在室温下、以及加热到100,125,150,175和200℃下保温30 min后进行拉伸试验,待试样冷却到室温后,测定其电导率,观察其金相组织与拉伸断口形貌,研究7055铝合金锻件的室温与高温力学性能以及温度对合金组织的影响。结果表明,热处理后的7055铝合金锻件组织均匀、晶粒细小,并且具有较好的高温稳定性。合金的室温抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为632 MPa和607 MPa,伸长率为14.5%。随温度从100℃升高到150℃,合金电导率基本不变,合金的强度小幅下降;当加热温度从150℃升高到200℃时,电导率显著降低,强度大幅下降。合金的伸长率随温度升高而提高。在200℃下合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为349MPa和335 MPa,伸长率为20%。在100~200℃温度范围内表现出塑韧性断裂特征。     

挤压温度对铝合金材料组织和性能的影响研究

铝合金材料因其密度较低、热导性强以及高比强被广泛应用于各个行业,通过实验分析铸锭坯料温度、挤压筒温度及工模具温度对铝合金材料组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明,铝合金材料组织比较细小且分布均匀,当挤压温度超过一定范围时,铝合金材料发生明显改变,由原来的韧性断裂方式变成韧性与脆性共存的混合断裂方式。     

汽车用含钒镁合金的挤压温度优化

采用不同的挤压温度对汽车用含钒镁合金Mg-8Al-1Zn-0.5V试样进行了挤压成型,并进行了力学性能和显微组织的测试和分析。结果表明:挤压温度从300℃升高到425℃,合金试样的抗拉、屈服强度均先增大后减小,断后伸长率和平均晶粒尺寸均先减小后增大,组织和力学性能均得以改善和提升。与300℃挤压温度铸造时相比,375℃挤压温度下试样的抗拉、屈服强度分别增大了13.38%、14.57%,断后伸长率、平均晶粒尺寸分别减小了2.3%、18.11%。汽车用含钒镁合金Mg-8Al-1Zn-0.5V试样的挤压温度优选为:375℃。     

Y对AZ91镁合金半固态等温热处理组织的影响

采用金相显微镜研究了Y含量、保温时间与保温温度对AZ91镁合金半固态组织演变的影响。结果表明,Y的加入阻碍了固相颗粒扩散,使Ostwald熟化减慢,促进了合金球状颗粒的形成;加入0.6%Y时镁合金半固态组织最为细小圆整。随着保温时间的延长,合金由大块状组织演变为均匀、圆整的球状组织;随着保温温度的升高,铸态合金中的初始树枝晶组织经过粗化、组织分离和球化演变成了半固态非树枝晶组织;然而,保温温度的过高与保温时间的过长,都会导致球状颗粒的粗化长大。AZ91稀土镁合金半固态成形所需的最佳工艺条件为加热温度565℃,保温时间30 min。     

往复挤压温度对ZK60镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用往复挤压工艺，对ZK60镁合金进行不同温度往复挤压，分析往复挤压温度对组织和性能的影响。结果表明：在315℃、335℃和355℃往复挤压ZK60镁合金，其中335℃时晶粒细化效果最好，材料的综合力学性能最佳。往复挤压工艺可以显著降低ZK60镁合金的热膨胀系数，提高ZK60镁合金的热稳定性。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.