Optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors for automated manufacturing systems

Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect maximal resource-transition circuits and their saturated states. The concept facilitates the development of system liveness characterization and deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors. Deadlock is characterized as some perfect maximal resource-transition circuits reaching their saturated states. For a large class of manufacturing systems, which do not contain center resources, the optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors are presented. For a general manufacturing system, a method is proposed for reducing the system Petri net model so that the reduced model does not contain center resources and, hence, has optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisor. The controlled reduced Petri net model can then be used as the liveness supervisor of the system.     

离散制造装配系统的活性控制

首次研究离散制造装配系统的活性控制问题.建立了系统的工件加工过程Petri网模型.通过对系统Petri网模型的结构分析,提出了导致系统死锁的两类元素结构及活性特征.对一类离散制造装配系统提出了避免死锁的Petri网控制器,这类控制器容易实现,对系统的限制小,而且使得受控系统仍具Petri网模型.对一般离散制造装配系统提出了保证系统活性的控制策略.     

一种基于Petri网的指控信息网死锁的检测方法

Petri网的理论方法在并发异步通信控制中已得到广泛的应用,但在其相关的指控信息网中,死锁的检测与排除仍然是人们关注的重点和热点之一.提出一种基于Petri网的指控信息系统死锁的检测方法.其主要做法是:先将信息系统规范化整理后,采用Petri网理论抽取其数学模型,再将该模型进行规范化整理.从转移操作的线性排队中,逐个搜索,找出其信息输入的条数,并造表统计.然后对每一条进行逆向搜索,若发现任一处信息断链,则该转移操作有可能发生死锁;否则认为通达,该转移是活的.经应用结果统计分析,该方法可有效地应用在信息系统的规划中,将产生死锁的次数减少89%以上.存在的主要问题是如何尽量的优化减少搜索路线,力求做到能覆盖所有的路线.该项研究具有一定的理论意义和应用价值.     

基于Petri网的作战指挥并发信息流模型研究与应用

在军事指挥系统中往往存在多维并发信息流,由此引发因争夺资源而产生的系统死锁,这将严重影响系统的指挥效能.基于Petri网建立了系统的数学模型,进而分析在并发信息流中产生死锁的关节所在,为从理论上研究指挥系统的效能,例如,发现和排解死锁等,提供了可靠根据,有效地保证了系统的正常运行.经部队仿真演习试用,效果良好,对于提高部队应急反应能力具有重要的价值.     

分布式锁的Petri网建模及死锁检测

分布式锁管理DLM细化了锁模式的粒度,使得分布式系统具有更高的并发性,但死锁检测等锁的管理过程却更加复杂了,Petri网的应用能很好地解决该问题。为分布式锁建立Petri网模型,通过化简和合成建立系统的Petri网模型,借助Petri网的可达标识图实时检测出分布式系统的死锁状态,并查找死锁进程。     

一类Petri网—S4R的死锁预防策略

S4R网作为一种特殊的Petri网子类,与S' PR网相比可以建模更为复杂的、拥有多个并行加工进程的资源分配系统。针对S4R网提出了一种综合的死锁预防策略。利用MIP检验由S4R网建模的柔性制造系统的活性,在新的信标控制概念的基础上对需要控制的系统进行控制。再利用MIP检验受控网系统的活性,进一步控制不活的网系统。避免了对一些网不必要的控制以及一些网过于保守的控制,得到许可行为较多的控制器。     

基于标签Petri网的OWL-S建模与分析

提出了OWL-S过程模型的标签Petri网建模方法,给出了过程模型到LPN的转换规则,利用LPN分析方法对模型进行了可达性分析、死锁检测,能有效地检验过程模型描述的正确性。在OWL-S编辑器中嵌入该功能,完善了编辑器的功能。     

Petri net modeling and deadlock analysis of parallel manufacturing processes with shared-resources

Multiple resource-sharing is a common situation in parallel and complex manufacturing processes and may lead to deadlock states. To alleviate this issue, this paper presents the method of modeling parallel processing flows, sharing limited number of resources, in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). A new class of Petri net called parallel process net with resources (PPNRs) is introduced for modeling such FMSs. PPNRs have the capacity to model the more complex resource-sharing among parallel manufacturing processes. Furthermore, this paper presents the simple diagnostic and remedial procedures for deadlocks in PPNRs. The proposed technique for deadlock detection and recovery is based on transition vectors which have the power of determining the structural aspects as well as the process flow condition in PPNRs. Moreover, the proposed technique for dealing with deadlocks is not a siphon-based thus the large-scale PPNRs for real-life FMSs can be tackled. Finally, the proposed method of modeling and deadlock analysis in the FMS having parallel processing is demonstrated by a practical example.     

Deadlock-free dynamic resource assignment in multi-robot systems with multiple missions： application in wireless sensor networks

In unstructured environments, dynamic resource assignment is required for effective cooperation of robotteams. In some scenarios, robots are in charge of executing multiple missions simultaneously. This creates risks of deadlockdue to the presence of shared resources among various missions. The main contribution of this paper is the development ofa novel approach that combines the one-step look-ahead deadlock avoidance policy with dynamic resource assignment. Thedynamic resource assignment is achieved using greedy resource assignment for multi-mission robot teams in the frameworkof a matrix-based discrete event controller. Simulation results are presented in MATLAB°R to discuss in detail the proposedcontrol strategy. The paper also discusses the toolkit developed in LabVIEW°R which is used to implement this controlframework using a suitable example.     

基于Petri网的无死锁控制器设计

对柔性制造系统提出了一种新的死锁预防控制算法。运用区域理论对Petri网模型设计一个控制器,对控制器中所有严格极小信标求取控制库所与资源库所的代数式,保证了所有的严格极小信标受控。与现有方法相比,该策略不必考虑控制器结构,只需根据这些代数式分布控制器中的资源,就可以得到相应无死锁监督控制器。     

柔性制造系统中多路径条件下的死锁避免 第一部分:系统建模

路径选择柔性是柔性制造系统的重要特性，但它使系统的调度和控制复杂化．从避免死锁这一重要要求出发，讨论了多路径条件下系统的建模．给出了一种称之为面向资源的着色Ｐｅｔｒｉ网（ＣＲＯＰＮ），它不仅能很好地描述系统中的动态资源竞争，而且能准确地描述系统中的工件流．利用这一模型，将获得避免死锁的充要条件．     

柔性制造系统非阻塞监督控制器优化设计

针对一类含有并发执行装配过程的柔性制造系统G-systems,提出一种新的死锁预防策略保证该系统的非阻塞性,即在控制下,受控系统从任意可达状态都可以到达理想状态.首先对Petri网模型中基本信标实施控制,保证了基本信标的最大可控,然后通过线性规划算法求取所有从属信标满足可控性的条件,即获得基本信标的控制深度变量.与现有方法相比,该策略优点在于只需加入少量的控制库所,就可避免不必要的迭代过程;其次是提出控制器输出弧位置优化策略,得到了结构更为简单、许可行为更多的非阻塞Petri网控制器.     

Design of a maximally permissive liveness-enforcing supervisor with a compressed supervisory structure for flexible manufacturing systems

In this paper, a deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is proposed, which can obtain a maximally permissive liveness-enforcing Petri net supervisor while the number of control places is compressed. By using a vector covering approach, the sets of legal markings and first-met bad markings (FBM) are reduced to two small ones, i.e., the minimal covering set of legal markings and the minimal covered set of FBM. A maximally permissive control purpose can be achieved by designing control places such that all markings in the minimal covered set of FBM are forbidden and no marking in the minimal covering set of legal markings is forbidden. An integer linear programming problem is designed to minimize the number of control places under an assumption that a control place is associated with a P-semiflow. The resulting net has the minimal number of control places on the premise that the assumption holds, and possesses all permissive states of a plant. The only problem of the proposed method is its computational complexity that makes it inapplicable to large-scale Petri net models. An FMS example from the literature is presented to illustrate the proposed method.     

一类FMS的最佳活Petri网模型的综合

利用Petri网为一类柔性制造系统建模,并讨论避免系统死锁问题.通过Petri网模型的结构分析,证明了系统产生死锁的一个充分必要条件.给出了避免死锁的最佳控制器,它可以通过给系统的Petri网模型增加一些新的位置与相应的弧来实现.从而导出了这类制造系统的最佳活Petri网模型.     

基于Petri网的数据库系统并发控制活性分析

从数据库系统在时刻t的状态N出发,构造出相应的Petri网模型,进而构造出其可达标识图。通过分析可达标识图,可判断系统是否为死锁状态。若不是死锁状态,系统是否可能出现死锁,什么情况下系统肯定不会出现死锁。最后,给出了数据库系统中事务并发操作的死锁检测方法与避免措施。