空心球羟基磷灰石等离子喷涂粉体的制备

羟基磷灰石等离子喷涂粉体被广泛用于等离子喷涂方法制备的骨及牙等医用种植体表面的生物活性涂层产品中,研制高性能的羟基磷灰石喷涂粉体对提高等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石生物活性涂层的使用性能有着重要意义.本研究采用水热、喷雾造粒、等离子球化及空心化等方法制备出一种新型空心球羟基磷灰石喷涂粉体.扫描电镜照片显示该粉体外观主要呈规则球形,平均粒径约为80.4μm,内部为空心结构,空心部分呈球状位于粉体中心,其平均壳壁厚度约为13.3μm.另外,本工作探讨了团聚结构羟基磷灰石粉体在等离子焰流中的空心化过程,认为粉体的初始孔隙率、粉体在焰流中的熔化程度、熔滴内部的气密性是影响空心化效果的主要因素.最后,通过等离子喷涂方法制备了团聚结构和空心球结构两种羟基磷灰石粉体涂层,结果表明:空心球结构羟基磷灰石粉体涂层的致密性及结合强度均优于团聚结构羟基磷灰石粉体涂层.     

Deformation Behavior of Nanostructured Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Thermal Plasma Spray

Al2O3-13 wt pet TiO2 coating deposited by direct current plasma spray consists of nanostructured region and micro-lamellae. Bend test shows that the ceramic coating can sustain some deformation without sudden failure. The deformation is achieved through the movement of nano-particles in the nanostructured region under tensile stress.     

喷涂距离和喷涂功率对羟基磷灰石涂层的影响

本文以Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金为基体材料,采用等离子喷涂方法,在不同喷涂距离和喷涂功率下制备羟基磷灰石（ＨＡ）涂层,研究喷涂距离和喷涂功率这两个重要的喷涂参数对涂层结构和组成的影响．使用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了羟基磷灰石涂层的形貌．涂层的相组成由Ｘ射线衍射谱仪（ＸＲＤ）分析而得．并使用Ｘ射线荧光谱仪（ＸＲＦ）测定了涂层的Ｃａ／Ｐ摩尔比．研究结果表明,喷涂距离对羟基磷灰石涂层的形貌、相组成以及Ｃａ／Ｐ摩尔比有着明显的影响．随着喷涂距离的增大,羟基磷灰石粉末的熔化状态得到改善,涂层的显微结构较为致密．然而,喷涂距离的增大使得涂层的非晶化更加严重,涂层中非晶相含量增大．在实验范围内,喷涂功率对涂层结构和相组成的影响不明显．Ｃａ／Ｐ比测定显示,等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层均为缺磷涂层,Ｃａ／Ｐ比随喷涂距离的增大而降低,随喷涂功率的增大而增大．     

等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层的材料学特征

采用等离子喷涂技术,在钛合金基体表面制备羟基磷灰石涂层．使用ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等测试手段,对获得的涂层进行了表征．结果表明,等离子喷涂过程中,同时发生羟基磷灰石的非晶化与热分解现象．热分解产物为ＣａＯ及α－Ｃａ_３（ＰＯ_４）_２．非晶化是高温羟基磷灰石液滴急剧冷却的结果．羟基磷灰石材料的热力学不稳定性,是发生热分解的主要原因．等离子喷涂获得具有一定粗糙度的羟基磷灰石涂层．涂层的显微结构中;存在气孔以及微裂纹．它们是等离子喷涂工艺的显微结构特征．羟基磷灰石涂层内部存在着烧结现象．涂层与金属基体之间的热传递性能变差,是导致烧结的主要原因．     

喷涂功率对真空等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层的影响

本文采用真空等离子喷涂设备，在不偷呐涂功率下制备了羟基磷灰石涂层，研究了热喷涂功率对羟基磷灰石涂层材料学特征的影响。实验中，使用Ｘ射线衍射仪，测定了涂层的相组成。使用扫描电子电镜，观察了羟基磷灰石涂层的表面形貌。研究结果表明，热喷涂功率对羟基磷灰石涂层的结构有着重大的影响。一方面，随着热喷涂功率的提高，涂层的非晶化加剧，涂层中非晶态的羟基磷灰石含量不断增大。另一方面，随着热喷涂功率的提高，羟基磷灰     

喷涂功率对真空等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层的影响

本文采用真空等离子喷涂设备（VacuumPlasmaSprnySystem），在不偷呐涂功率下制备了羟基磷灰石涂层，研究了热喷涂功率对羟基磷灰石涂层材料学特征的影响．实验中，使用X射线衍射仪，测定了涂层的相组成．使用扫描电子电镜，观察了羟基磷灰石涂层的表面形貌．研究结果表明，热喷涂功率对羟基磷灰石涂层的结构有着重大的影响．一方面，随着热喷涂功率的提高，涂层的非晶化加剧，涂层中非晶态的羟基磷灰石含量不断增大．另一方面，随着热喷涂功率的提高，羟基磷灰石粉末的熔化状态变好，颗粒之间的结合能力加强；涂层的显微结构明显改善．     

前驱体溶液对液相等离子喷涂ZrO2纳米涂层结构和形貌的影响

以ZrOCl2·8H2O为原料采用溶胶凝胶法配置不同浓度的前驱体,用等离子喷涂法制备了ZrO2涂层.用SEM,XRD分析了涂层的显微组织与晶型结构.结果表明,该方法制得的涂层不具备层状组织结构,涂层断面上均匀地分布大小相近的圆状孔隙.涂层的结晶状况随着前驱体料浆的浓度而变化,浓度太大或太小都给涂层带来不利的影响,实验证明0.8mol/L前驱体料浆制备的涂层结晶状况良好;经计算和表征确定涂层内品粒在纳米尺寸范围,明显小于常规方法制备纳米涂层的晶粒.     

等离子喷涂法纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的微结构与形成机理的研究

使用独特的雾化干燥结合固定床技术合成WC-12Co纳米复合粉体,利用等离子喷涂法制备纳米结构WC-12Co涂层,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析手段对等离子喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层进行显微结构分析.结果表明涂层中除了WC相,不仅有W2C,W等非WC/Co相的产生,还出现了CoxWyCz(Co3W9C4,Co3W3C),Co3C等相及非晶和孪晶组织,在此基础上本工作将对等离子喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的形成机理作初步的研究与讨论.     

等离子喷涂溶胶制备纳米ZrO2涂层工艺及涂层结构表征

采用等离子喷涂溶胶工艺制备了氧化锆纳米涂层.并用x射线衍射仪、扫描电镜观察了溶胶干燥粉末和涂层的物相组成及显微结构.结果表明,溶胶自然干燥后为非晶态,通过加热可以得到晶体结构,等离子喷涂形成的涂层为单斜相与立方相的混合晶体结构.制备的涂层由熔化较好的颗粒形成的致密块体和微裂纹组成.本方法能够得到晶粒很细的纳米结构涂层.     

Properties of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Prepared by a Spray Drying Technique

In previous studies nano sized hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were prepared by solgel or precipitation methods, in which the products were washed by aqueous or non-aqueous liquids to remove impurities or undesired components. The washing is know to modify the surfaces of the cystalline particles. This study evaluated properties of nano HA materials prepared by a spray drying method in which the HA product was not exposed to any liquid after its formation. The spray drying apparatus consisted of a nozzle that sprayed an acidic calcium phosphate solution in the form of a fine mist into a stream of filtered air flowing through a heated glass column. The water and volatile acid were evaporated by the time the mist reached the end of the column, and the fine particles were collected by an electrostatic precipitator. Powder x ray diffraction patterns suggested the material was amorphous, exhibiting a single broad peak at 30.5° 2θ. However, high resolution transmission electron microscopic analysis showed that the particles, some of which were 5 nm in size, exhibited well ordered HA lattice fringes. Small area diffraction patterns were indicative of HA. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy showed patterns of typical of HA with small amounts of HPO₄²⁻. The thermodynamic solubility product of the nano HA was 3.3 × 10⁻⁹⁴ compared to 1 × 10⁻¹¹⁷ for macro scale crystalline HA. These results showed that a spray drying technique can be used to prepare nanometer sized crystalline HA that have significantly different physicochemical properties than those of its bulk-scale counterpart.     

钼基体上真空等离子体喷涂钨涂层的研究

采用真空等离子体喷涂(VPS)技术制备出厚度超过0.8 mm的金属钨涂层,并对涂层进行了高温热处理.结果显示:金属钨涂层主要呈层状结构,其密度可达到理论密度的98%以上;工艺参数对喷涂涂层性能有较大影响,特别是对涂层密度、结合强度有影响;高温热处理引起界面结构变化,形成钨钼混合层,且再结晶形成细小的晶粒;和CVD方法以及常压等离子体喷涂方法制备的钨涂层相比,低压等离子体喷涂具有明显的优势.     

Fabrication of TC4/TiCp New Hip Prosthesis by Laser Cladding

Artificial hip prostheses are commonly utilized in total hip replacement surgeries. However, current single materials like metal, polyethylene, and ceramic do not satisfy the comprehensive performance requirements of prostheses, such as biocompatibility, wear resistance, and toughness. To address these limitations, a new metal–ceramic hip prosthesis which can be prepared by laser cladding technique is proposed. By combining the advantages of metal and ceramic, this prosthesis aims to overcome existing product limitations. A TiCp bioceramic coating is prepared on the TC4 surface, and its microstructure, mechanical properties, and biological characteristics are systematically analyzed. The results show that the TiCp phase is uniformly distributed in the coating. Additionally, dendritic TiCp at the bonding interface results in metallurgical bond between the coating and substrate. The α-Ti phase in the matrix of the TiCp coating helps to enhance its fracture toughness and fatigue strength, while the solid solution of trace C elements in the matrix provides solid solution strengthening. Mechanical tests reveal that the microhardness of the TiCp coating is 2.5 times greater than that of the substrate, and the wear mass is reduced by 89.4%. Finally, the TiCp bioceramic coating is verified to be biocompatible, demonstrating excellent potential for use in hip prostheses.     

超音速等离子与HVOF喷涂WC-Co涂层的冲蚀磨损性能研究

用超音速等离子喷涂(HEPJet)和两种进口高速氧燃气火焰喷涂(HVOF)设备(JP-5000 和DJ-2700)制备WC-Co涂层,进行了孔隙率、显微硬度、结合强度及30°和90°攻角的冲蚀磨损对比实验,分析了涂层的SEM磨损形貌.结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层综合性能与JP-5000喷涂WC-Co涂层相当,优于DJ-2700;在30°冲蚀磨损条件下,WC-Co涂层的失效行为表现为疲劳剥落和微切削两种特征;在90°冲蚀磨损时,涂层的失效主要是垂直表面的磨粒冲击力导致涂层疲劳剥落.     

用内凝胶法制备球形Y2O3-ZrO2等离子喷涂粉料

以无机物为前驱物,用内凝胶法制备了适合于等离子喷涂的、粒径在10～50μm范围内的、用氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）球形粉末,实验结果表明,通过改变乳化条件可以控制这种粉末的形貌、粒径和粒度分布．利用SEM和光学显微镜观察发现,用该方法得到的粉末主要是球形的,并且符合粒径分布的要求（5～50μm）．致密的球形粉末显示出良好的流动性．差热分析表明,用47mol％氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）粉末在468℃有一放热峰,是YSZ粉末的相转变温度．XRD分析表明,上述粉末在800℃条件下煅烧可以得到100％非平衡四方相（t’）的YSZ粉末,没有单斜相存在．     

r.f.PCVD法制备c-BN膜的研究

采用 Ｆ Ｔ Ｉ Ｒ、 Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ、 Ｓ Ｅ Ｍ 等技术, 对在渗硼层表面经ｒ.ｆ. Ｐ Ｃ Ｖ Ｄ 沉积的 Ｂ Ｎ 膜进行了研究试验证明, 与采用 Ｎ_２ 气和 Ｈ_２ 气相比, 以 Ａｒ ＋ １０ｖｏｌ％ Ｈ_２ 作为载气, 所获得的膜层ｃ-Ｂ Ｎ 含量最高, 膜厚最大, 可达４.６μｍ , 且膜基结合良好而以 Ｎ_２ 气或 Ｈ_２ 气为载气时, 前者会导致膜基结合力大大下降, 后者会引起沉积速度明显降低结果表明, 对于 Ｐ Ｃ Ｖ Ｄ 过程, 控制ｃ- Ｂ Ｎ 形成的主要因素是离子轰击能量的转移, 而不是氢的选择溅射过程试验获得的膜层由ａ- Ｂ Ｎ 和ｃ- Ｂ Ｎ 组成, ｃ- Ｂ Ｎ的尺寸为２０ ～４０ｎｍ     

Properties of Indium Oxide Semiconducting Sensors Deposited by Different Techniques

Semiconducting In₂O₃ gas sensors have been fabricated by two different deposition techniques, i.e., spin-coating and screen-printing. In both cases the same starting material - sol-gel-prepared cubic In₂O₃ - was used for the deposition in order to ensure a better comparability of the different sensing layers. The morphology of the layers has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The layers deposited by different methods show similar grain size and porosity. Furthermore, Dc electrical tests have been performed to analyze the sensing properties of the different gas sensors. Reducing gases (CO and propanal) as well as oxidizing gases (NO₂ and ozone) were used as test gases in the background of dry and humidified synthetic air. All measurements were performed at several temperatures. It was found that the spin-coated and screen-printed layers show different sensing properties, i.e., screen-printed sensors showed higher sensor signals than spin-coated sensors for CO, propanal, and NO₂. The most striking differences appeared in the detection of ozone. In this case, spin-coated sensors showed a higher performance than screen-printed sensors. Higher ozone concentrations led to saturation effects for the latter.     

Properties of Indium Oxide Semiconducting Sensors Deposited by Different Techniques

Semiconducting In₂O₃ gas sensors have been fabricated by two different deposition techniques, i.e., spin-coating and screen-printing. In both cases the same starting material – sol-gel-prepared cubic In₂O₃ – was used for the deposition in order to ensure a better comparability of the different sensing layers. The morphology of the layers has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The layers deposited by different methods show similar grain size and porosity. Furthermore, Dc electrical tests have been performed to analyze the sensing properties of the different gas sensors. Reducing gases (CO and propanal) as well as oxidizing gases (NO₂ and ozone) were used as test gases in the background of dry and humidified synthetic air. All measurements were performed at several temperatures. It was found that the spin-coated and screen-printed layers show different sensing properties, i.e., screen-printed sensors showed higher sensor signals than spin-coated sensors for CO, propanal, and NO₂. The most striking differences appeared in the detection of ozone. In this case, spin-coated sensors showed a higher performance than screen-printed sensors. Higher ozone concentrations led to saturation effects for the latter.     

脉冲激光和磁控溅射沉积Mo薄膜研究

采用脉冲激光（PLD）和磁控溅射（MS）沉积技术制备了Mo薄膜，用扫描电镜（SEM）、白光干涉仪和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分别表征了薄膜的表面形貌和组织、表面粗糙度和薄膜密度。结果表明，PLD沉积的Mo的表面形貌受脉冲能量和基体温度的影响较大，能量越高、表面缺陷增多。MS沉积的Mo薄膜较致密，呈典型的柱状生长行为。PLD秽MS沉积的Mo薄膜的表面粗糙度均较好，R小于20nm。对实验结果进行了讨论。