板栗中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

对板栗中脂肪酸的组成和含量进行测定。采用索氏提取法提取其脂肪酸,再进行甲酯化处理,以气相色谱．质谱联用仪进行了分离和鉴定。由板栗中分离鉴定出8种脂肪酸,脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸。     

黑花生和白花生中脂肪酸成分的比较

对黑花生和白花生中脂肪酸进行分析比较。采用索氏提取法提取黑花生和白花生中脂肪油,再以氢氧化钾- 甲醇溶液进行甲酯化处理,以气相色谱- 质谱联用仪分离和鉴定脂肪酸的组成和相对含量。结果表明：从黑花生中分离鉴定出19 种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占61.07%;从白花生中分离鉴定出17 种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占67.59%。     

苣荬菜中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

本文采用索氏提取法提取苣荬菜中脂肪酸，再进行甲酯化处理，以气相色谱-质谱联用仪分离和鉴定脂肪酸的组成和含量。结果表明：由苣荬菜中分离鉴定出12种脂肪酸，占脂肪酸总量的90．21％，不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的52．09％，饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总每的38．12％。     

辽宁黑山地区黑、白芝麻种仁中脂肪酸的GC/MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取黑芝麻和白芝麻中的脂肪酸,再以氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液进行甲酯化处理,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪分离和鉴定营养成分中脂肪酸的组成成分和相对含量。实验结果表明,黑芝麻中分离鉴定出15种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占68.60%,主要成分之一亚油酸百分含量为49.99%;白芝麻中分离鉴定出14种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占69.90%,主要成分之一亚油酸百分含量为45.65%。     

四种蜂蜜中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

对湖北产荆条蜜、紫云英蜜、柑橘蜜、油菜蜜4个蜂蜜品种中的脂肪酸组成和含量进行分析比较。采用乙醚提取蜂蜜中的脂肪酸,再以硫酸-甲醇溶液进行甲酯化处理,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪分离鉴定其中的脂肪酸组成和相对含量。结果表明,4种蜂蜜中共分离出14种脂肪酸,其中荆条蜜、紫云英蜜及油菜蜜中分别鉴定出8种脂肪酸,柑橘蜜中鉴定出7种脂肪酸,另外,14种脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量的45.53%～79.31%,饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量的16.68%～40.77%,4种蜂蜜中均含有棕榈酸和油酸。     

新疆主要葵花籽品种脂肪酸组成分析

参照国标GB/T17377—2008,对新疆葵花籽及其油品脂肪酸组成进行测定分析,并与新疆地区菜籽油、大豆油、棉籽油脂肪酸组成比较,根据葵花籽品种的脂肪酸组成的特性反映其油品的食用价值,为更好的食用和应用提供科学依据。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定宝乐果(Borojo)粉中脂肪酸

对厄瓜多尔热带水果宝乐果Borojo酶解浓缩粉的脂肪酸组成和含量进行分析。用石油醚提取Borojo酶解浓缩粉油脂,比较研究KOH―甲醇法、H2SO4―甲醇法甲酯化效果,采用气相色谱―质谱联用仪分离鉴定其中的脂肪酸组成和相对含量。结果表明,厄瓜多尔热带水果Borojo粉中油脂含量为0.041%;酸法甲酯化分离鉴定出7种脂肪酸,其脂肪酸成分为月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸和芥酸。碱法分离鉴定除芥酸外6种。酸法所得各脂肪酸响应值较高,脂肪酸转化率均高于碱法。采用H2SO4―甲醇法进行甲酯化效果优于KOH―甲醇法。     

广西玉林地区八角茴香中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱联用分析及其对超氧阴离子自由基的抑制作用

对广西玉林地区八角茴香中的脂肪油进行提取,同时分离和鉴定其组分和含量。用索氏提取法对脂肪油进行提取,采用不同甲酯化法处理后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离和鉴定其组成和含量。研究八角茴香中脂肪酸对超氧阴离子自由基的抑制作用。主要组分为十六碳烷酸、9,12-十八碳二烯酸、9-十八碳烯酸、十八烷酸等。采用不同酯化法得到的脂肪酸主要成分基本相同,仅有较小差异,含量有一定的差异。同时测得八角茴香中脂肪酸对超氧阴离子自由基有很好的抑制作用。     

粟米油中脂肪酸及其主成分亚油酸的分析

高效液相色谱法对粟米油脂肪酸的组成和主成分亚油酸进行定量分析。采用索氏提取法从玉米胚芽中提取粟米油,并对粟米油中脂肪酸进行甲酯化处理,利用气相色谱- 质谱法对其脂肪酸组成进行鉴定。色谱柱：KromasilC18;流动相为异丙醇:乙腈=35:65;柱温：25℃;205nm 检测波长条件下对亚油酸进行测定。结果表明：由粟米油中分离鉴定出8 种脂肪酸,脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占74.94%,主要成分为亚油酸和油酸,其中亚油酸为46.33%,油酸为28.01%。亚油酸变异系数小于1.35%,回收率为98.8%～109.1%。本方法简便、准确,适合粟米油中亚油酸含量的分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析籽瓜中的化学成分

采用索氏提取法提取籽瓜籽中的脂肪酸,用气相色谱- 质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行分析,分离鉴定出10 种脂肪酸,其主要化学成分为亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸。用同时蒸馏- 萃取法提取籽瓜皮中的挥发性物质,用气相色谱- 质谱法从籽瓜皮的挥发油中分离并鉴定出30 种化学成分。     

GC/MS法测定葵花籽油中脂肪酸的甲酯化条件研究

研究气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定葵花籽油中脂肪酸的甲酯化条件,以峰面积为考察指标,采用单因素试验与正交试验设计,对葵花籽油氢氧化钾-甲醇法甲酯化条件进行优化,同时分析葵花籽油中各脂肪酸的种类及相对含量.结果表明:GC/MS测定葵花籽油中脂肪酸的最佳甲酯化条件为催化剂用量2.0mL,超声时间9min,超声温度3...     

气相色谱法测定脂肪酸含量判定山茶油纯度

利用气相色谱法,对山茶油掺入大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油的掺伪油进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸可作为鉴别山茶油中掺伪大豆油和菜籽油的特征脂肪酸,棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸可作为鉴别山茶油中掺伪玉米油和葵花籽油的特征脂肪酸;回归预测模型相关系数(R2)较高(> 0. 99),可分别检出掺伪量4%的大豆油和菜籽油,掺伪量8%的玉米油和葵花籽油,回收率在96. 56%～112. 88%之间。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确,可为掺伪山茶油纯度鉴别及调和山茶油配比的定量分析提供科学依据。     

Progress in modification of sunflower oil to expand its industrial value

Increasing the sunflower seed oil content as well as improving its quality makes it compatible for industrial demands. This is an important breeding objective of sunflower which increases its market value and ensures high returns for the producers. The present review focuses on determining the progress of improving sunflower seed oil content and modifying its quality by empirical and advanced molecular breeding methods. It is known that the sunflower oil content and quality have been altered through empirical selection methods and mutation breeding programmes in various parts of the world. Further improvement in seed oil content and its components (such as phytosterols, tocopherols and modified fatty acid profile) has been slowed down due to low genetic variation in elite germplasm and complex of hereditary traits. Introgression from wild species can be carried out to modify the fatty acids profile and tocopherol contents with linkage drags. Different transgenes introduced through biotechnological methods may produce novel long‐chain fatty acids within sunflower oil. Bio‐engineering of sunflower oil could allow it to be used in diverse industrial products such as bio‐diesel or bio‐plastics. These results showed that past and current trends of modifying sunflower oil quality are essential for its further expansion as an oilseed crop. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Characteristics of Milk and Butter from Cows Fed Sunflower Seeds

Composition of milk and butter was evaluated from cows fed either control or experimental diets containing added fat of partially unsaturated fatty acid composition. The control diet concentrate mix consisted mainly of corn and soybean meal. The two experimental diets substituted either 20% high oleic sunflower seeds (>79% of fatty acids as oleic acid) or 20% regular sunflower seeds (>67% of fatty acids as linoleic acid) for part of the corn and soybean meal in the concentrate mix. Feeding lactating dairy cattle sunflower seeds resulted in lower concentrations of short and medium chain and higher concentrations of long-chain fatty acids in milk fat and butter. Milk unsaturated fatty acid concentrations were (28.9, 38.8, 45.6%), and butter unsaturated fatty acid concentrations were (29.6, 38.1, 44.3%) for control, high oleic sunflower seed, and regular sunflower seed treatment milk, respectively. Organoleptic evaluation indicated the high oleic sunflower seed and regular sunflower seed treatment butters were equal or superior in flavor to the control butter. The high oleic sunflower seed and regular sunflower seed treatment butters were softer, more unsaturated, and exhibited acceptable flavor, manufacturing, and storage characteristics.     

Fatty acid and phytosterol accumulation during seed development in three oilseed species

This study was carried out to compare the kinetic accumulation of bioactive lipids during seed development in three oil crops rapeseed, sunflower and woad. Field experiments were conducted under organic conditions during 3 years. After flowering, seeds were collected each 4–5 days until harvest. The three species differed by the quantity and quality of both fatty acids and sterols. Higher levels of phytosterols and fatty acids were reached between 20 and 40 days after flowering (DAF) in sunflower, 40 and 60 DAF in rapeseed and 25 and 45 DAF for woad. The modification of lipid composition during the grain filling depends on species. Knowledge of the composition and accumulation of fatty acids and phytosterols in sunflower, rapeseed and woad seeds would assist in efforts to achieve industrial applications. These seeds may give an interesting source of bioactive lipids.     

Effect of Lavender and Thyme incorporation in sunflower seed oil on its resistance to frying temperatures

Extending the frying life of oil is of commercial and economic importance. Therefore, improving the thermal stability of cooking oils could provide considerable savings to the food processors.In this study, three different frying temperatures i.e., 150, 180, 200 °C, were applied to refined sunflower seed oil before and after addition of two kinds of natural herbs. A number of official methods were used to evaluate chemical and physical changes in all samples during heating.Quality parameters of sunflower seed oil were improved by treatment with either Lavender or Thyme. In fact, the statistical analysis of results proved the existence of a significant difference between untreated and treated oil samples. However, no difference was found between sunflower oil with lavender and sunflower oil with thyme, whenever the same temperatures were applied. Thyme and Lavender exhibited a high ability in reducing free fatty acids content (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and Viscosity.The incorporation of Lavender and/or Thyme in sunflower seed oil helped to improve its thermal stability and, consequently, to extend its frying life.     

植物油在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用探讨

从婴儿配方乳粉在用的7种植物油(大豆油、玉米油、核桃油、葵花籽油、高油酸葵花籽油、棕榈油和椰子油)入手,通过检测植物油的脂肪酸含量,对亚油酸、亚麻酸和油酸等几个主要指标进行了分析,进而与3种新型植物油(双低菜籽油、米糠油和红花籽油)的脂肪酸组成进行了比较,对新型植物油在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用进行了探讨。     

部分食品煎炸用油的反式脂肪酸比较

为探究不同品种食用油和煎炸食品对反式脂肪酸形成的影响,本文使用5种食用油(葵花油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油、花生油),在一定温度下炸制14批次油条,又依次使用大豆油炸制豆腐、油条和鸡腿,对2种情况下产生的煎炸油进行气相色谱分析,比较反式脂肪酸含量.结果表明:炸油条过程中,食用油中反式脂肪酸的含量均随着煎炸时间的延长而增加...     

省沽油种子油中脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

用二氯甲烷提取省沽油种子油,并进行皂化、甲酯化,用GC-MS对省沽油种子油中的脂肪酸组成进行了分析,并对野生与种植两种省沽油种子油中的脂肪酸种类与含量进行了对比.结果表明,省沽油种子油中含多种脂肪酸(共检出20种),主要是亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸和棕榈酸,其中亚油酸含量分别为48.50%(野生)和57.60%(种植),亚麻酸含量为8.86%(野生)和10.12%(种植), 不饱和脂肪酸总量为70.22%(野生)和80.31%(种植).野生与种植两种省沽油种子油中的脂肪酸种类基本相同,但种植的种子油中不饱和脂肪酸含量比野生的高10.09%.     

氨基酸对浓香葵花籽油美拉德反应风味的贡献

通过研究比较脱脂葵花籽粕烘烤前后的氨基酸组成及风味变化,建立了以浸出一级葵花籽油为基质的氨基酸与葡萄糖美拉德反应风味模拟模型,比较分析了12种氨基酸与葡萄糖美拉德反应风味模拟模型体系中形成的挥发性化合物与浓香葵花籽油风味化合物的异同。结果表明:赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸对浓香葵花籽油美拉德反应风味的贡献最大,是浓香葵花籽油美拉德反应风味形成的主要前体物质。赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸3组模型体系中美拉德反应挥发性化合物与浓香葵花籽油风味化合物相同的共有12种,其中吡嗪类化合物8种、醛类化合物2种、醇类化合物1种、呋喃类化合物1种。