AZ31镁合金轧制变形后组织与性能研究

研究了不同轧制变形量和轧制速度对AZ31镁合金板材微观组织和力学性能的影响。轧制变形可显著细化AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒尺寸并提高其综合力学性能。当轧制速度为5 m/min,轧制变形量为50%时,板材平均晶粒尺寸最细可达到9μm,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别提高到280、180 MPa和30%以上,同时探讨了AZ31镁合金屈服强度与晶粒大小之间的关系。在大量AZ31镁合金轧制文献数据和本实验一系列数据的基础上,对比分析了不同轧制工艺对AZ31镁合金综合力学性能的影响。研究表明,本实验所采用轧制工艺可显著提高AZ31镁合金板材的综合力学性能,同时降低板材轧向(RD)和横向(TD)的各向异性。     

不同轧制工艺参数条件下AZ31镁合金孪晶和织构的演变规律及其对力学性能的影响（英文）

为了考察轧制工艺参数对板材显微组织和力学性能的影响,通过不同温度和轧制变形量的热轧工艺得到具有不同晶粒尺寸、基面织构强度和孪晶类型的AZ31镁合金轧制板材。拉伸孪晶、压缩孪晶和双孪晶的体积分数与AZ31镁合金轧制板材的晶粒尺寸有关。当轧制温度为523 K、轧制变形量为10%时轧制得到的板材,三种类型孪晶的体积分数最高,此时晶粒尺寸最大。在轧制温度分别为523和473 K时,板材发生完全动态再结晶的临界变形量分别为30%和40%。拉伸实验结果表明:随着轧制变形量的增加,在第一阶段,轧制后板材屈服强度的提高主要依赖于晶粒细化强化和织构强化;当晶粒尺寸随变形量的增加不再发生明显的细化时,板材的屈服强度主要受织构弱化的影响。     

织构和晶粒尺寸对AZ31镁合金薄板成形性能的影响

采用不同的轧制工艺,制备4种晶粒尺寸为7~18μm和不同强度基面织构的AZ31镁合金板材,通过单向拉伸试验和室温Erichsen试验,探讨晶粒尺寸与织构对镁合金板材室温成形性能的影响。结果表明:晶粒细化虽然增强了板材的力学性能,但不利于提高板材的胀形性能;基面织构的减弱使板材沿厚度方向变形能力增强,具有较好的胀形性能,但另一方面使板材的屈服强度降低。     

不同轧制工艺对AZ31镁合金薄板室温成形性能的影响

采用常规轧制(NR)、异步轧制(DSR)和交叉轧制(CR)3种不同工艺来获得AZ31镁合金板材并进行室温成形性能的研究。结果表明:AZ31镁合金板材的综合力学性能不仅与晶粒尺寸有关,还与晶粒取向有关。基面织构的减弱可明显提高板材的胀形性能。异步轧制明显降低板材基面织构强度,使板材室温冲压性能得到提高。交叉轧制使晶粒显著细化,基面织构增强,提高了板材的力学性能,却降低其冲压成形性能;同时交叉轧制可以减弱板材各向异性。研究结果为改善镁合金室温塑性与成形性能提供了理论依据和新思路。     

等通道角轧制对汽车车身用轻质镁合金板微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用等通道角轧制工艺(ECAR)对AZ31镁合金板进行轧制变形,结合光学显微镜、EBSD、杯突实验机和拉伸实验机等检测方法,研究了不同ECAR工艺对镁合金板微观组织及力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,AZ31镁合金板经ECAR工艺处理后,板材的平均晶粒尺寸出现下降,且板材的基面织构出现了明显地降低,由母材的8.187降低为4.537。此外,镁合金板材的综合性能得到显著提高,板材的杯突值由母材的2.72 mm增加到4.22 mm,n值由母材的0.27增加到0.46,抗拉强度由母材的275 MPa增加到294 MPa。综上所述,等通道角轧制工艺可以有效细化镁合金板材的微观组织,提高镁合金板材的综合力学性能。     

复合形变对AZ31镁合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

对AZ31镁合金板材进行复合形变工艺研究,对比了不同坯料温度、下压量和模具温度对镁合金板材微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,坯料温度为275℃、下压量为29%,模具温度为150℃时,复合形变后镁合金板材拥有理想的微观组织和力学性能。此时镁合金板材平均晶粒尺寸为7.84μm,显微硬度(HV)为91.99,屈服强度为212 MPa,抗拉强度为298 MPa,伸长率为17.2%。     

深冷处理对变路径轧制镁合金组织与性能的影响

为了改善传统热轧AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织,提升其综合力学性能,本文采用二道次变路径轧制与深冷处理相结合的方法,研究了深冷处理对二道次不同路径轧制下AZ31镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：经深冷处理后,AZ31镁合金轧制板材晶粒平均尺寸显著细化至7.8μm,织构强度能够由16弱化至9.5,合金组织中有孪晶生成,少量的第二相在晶界处析出。此外,二道次同一路径轧制下的板材经过20 min深冷处理,塑性得到极大改善,断裂伸长率高达23.2%;与传统轧制工艺相比,二道次交叉路径轧制板材经20 min的深冷处理,其硬度、抗拉强度分别由68 HV和246 MPa提升至75.8 HV、268 MPa。     

AZ31镁合金挤压板材的显微组织与力学性能研究

为了获得高性能镁合金板材,采用正向热挤压将铸态AZ31镁合金坯料挤压成2 mm厚的板材,研究了其显微组织演变及力学性能等。结果表明:铸态AZ31镁合金坯料挤压成板材后可以获得均匀细小的再结晶晶粒组织,其力学性能(屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率)大幅度提升。铸态AZ31镁合金坯料在400、450℃挤压成板材后,平均晶粒尺寸可由390μm分别细化至3.9、5.6μm。挤压后的AZ31镁合金板材展现出典型的(0001)基面织构,大部分晶粒的c轴垂直于板材表面。铸态AZ31镁合金的力学性能较差,而AZ31镁合金挤压板材在三个拉伸方向上均展现出优越的力学性能。随挤压温度的升高,AZ31镁合金挤压板材晶粒长大且显微组织不均匀,综合力学性能也有所下降。     

AZ31镁合金板材双向循环弯曲的孪晶组织及织构

采用等温双向循环弯曲工艺(bidirectional cyclic bending technology,BCBT)改善了AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织、织构和力学性能。循环弯曲变形能够产生压缩变形与拉伸变形的交替变化,使镁合金材料发生压缩变形→孪晶组织形成→发生动态再结晶→孪晶消失→晶粒细化的组织演变过程,形成分布均匀的细小的晶粒组织,改善了镁合金材料性能。AZ31镁合金板材在变形温度为483 K时经过3个道次的等温双向循环弯曲变形后,基面织构得到明显弱化,织构强度由原始9.59降低到变形后3.54,平均晶粒尺寸为12.2μm。在变形温度443 K,经过1个道次变形后,AZ31镁合金板材的抗拉强度为325 MPa,屈服强度为225 MPa。与原始坯料力能参数相比,抗拉强度提高了19%,屈服强度提高了28%。当变形温度483 K循环变形3道次时,材料的伸长率为17.1%,比原始材料提高了42%。     

AZ31镁合金复合形变的微观组织及力学性能

分析了压痕—压平复合形变工艺特点及作用,定义了相关工艺参数,研制了AZ31镁合金板材压痕—压平复合形变模具装置,并进行了实验研究。分析了坯料温度、压下率等工艺参数对镁合金板材微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:坯料温度为275℃时,压下率为29%,模具温度为150℃时,经过压痕—压平复合形变后,镁合金板材的微观组织和力学性能得到明显提高,其平均晶粒尺寸为7.84μm,屈服强度为212 MPa,抗拉强度为298 MPa,伸长率为17.2%,显微硬度为91.99 HV。复合形变后的镁合金性能与平棍轧制工艺相比,晶粒尺寸细化了23%,屈服强度提高了5%,抗拉强度提高了15%,伸长率提高了4%,显微硬度提高了12%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。