智能卡水表及其专用集成电路的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种新型智能卡水表。它较好地解决了普通IC卡表易受攻击和可靠性低的缺点。该表内部采用两块具有自主知识产权的专用集成电路LC47127和LC47128。还介绍了这种新型电表的性能特点与功能结构以及应用原理和方法。表明这是一种适合我国国情的替代传统水表的优选方案。     

基于电力载波通信的高精度智能电能表的研制

为了提高电能表的测量精度并实现无线抄表功能,文中采用电力载波通信技术设计了高精度智能电能表,利用单片机ATmega128L作为电能表的控制核心,通过电能计量模块ADE7755测量用户220 V/50 Hz的使用电量,并以低频脉冲的形式输出有功功率的平均值,经过计算后存储在本地并显示在 LCD屏幕上;电能表终端利用扩频通信芯片 PL-Ci36G-Ⅲ-E使其具有唯一的地址,经耦合调理电路后直接与电力线连接,实现与外界的通信,根据接收到的指令,驱动火线上的继电器闭合,实现远程对用户的用电控制和抄表。经过实验表明,设计的智能电能表的测量误差仅为0.368%,远远小于行业标准。     

Bargaining‐Based Smart Grid Pricing Model for Demand Side Management Scheduling

A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. In the operation of a smart grid, demand side management (DSM) plays an important role in allowing customers to make informed decisions regarding their energy consumption. In addition, it helps energy providers reduce peak load demand and reshapes the load profile. In this paper, we propose a new DSM scheduling scheme that makes use of the day‐ahead pricing strategy. Based on the Rubinstein–Stahl bargaining model, our pricing strategy allows consumers to make informed decisions regarding their power consumption, while reducing the peak‐to‐average ratio. With a simulation study, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can increase the sustainability of a smart grid and reduce overall operational costs.     

基于电力线载波通信的CPU卡预付费电能表的设计

将电力线载波通信技术与CPU卡技术相结合,设计了一款新型的预付费电能表。将CDMA多址技术运用于自动抄表系统中,将CPU卡应用于电能表预付费管理系统中,解决了“抄表难”和“收费难”的同时,也保证了系统的安全性。系统采用SoC芯片设计,具有很高的稳定性和实用性。     

基于信息纽扣的预付费电度表的设计

数字式预付费电度表目前主要采用IC卡,在性能方面存在一些不足。该设计所采用的智能卡是美国达拉斯半导体公司推出的一种智能化信息载体信息纽扣iButton。介绍利用信息纽扣组成预付费电度表的设计方法,重点描述信息纽扣的特点和使用方法,阐述相关的硬件和软件的设计方法。采用这种方案相对IC卡系统具有操作方便、稳定性高、便于携带、使用寿命长等特点。     

一种智能用电管理装置的研发

一种智能用电管理装置，该装置分别与电力通信网络上的用电互动终端、用电设备和智能电表连接，该装置包括：网络通信单元，智能控制单元，用电采集单元，数据检测处理单元，利用网络通信单元，智能控制单元，用电采集单元，数据检测处理单元结合的构造，实现独立于用电设备使用，还可实时对用电信息进行监测采集和数据监测处理，从而提高了智能用电管理装置实时用电监测的性价比，实现用电安全监控管理功能。该装置已获得国家实用新型专利（专利名称：一种智能用电管理装置，专利号：201520825392.5）。     

基于AMI并采用DSP和ZigBee的智能电表的设计

智能电表在高级量测体系（AMI）的关键技术中占据着重要的地位。为使智能电表在精确计量电能的同时,使户内用电网络形成一个有机整体,实现双向通信和户内家电的控制,从而达到信息节能的目的,本文设计了一种能满足AMI系统需要的智能电表。介绍了智能电表的总体设计,采用DSP TMS320F5402的微控制器作中央控制单元,以高精度计量芯片作为测量平台,并配合ZigBee无线通信和外围电路实现对智能用户端的整体构建。实验表明,该表计量准确,实现了配电自动化,用电互动的要求。     

An efficient authentication and key agreement scheme for secure smart grid communication services

The smart grid is a new and promising technology integrating new information and communication technologies to improve the distribution and consumption of electricity between energy suppliers and their end customers. However, this advanced solution is facing a serious security problem as regards the interception and falsification of power consumption data, hence generating falsified electricity consumption bills. This issue of security needs to be promptly and efficiently handled. Clearly, it is of paramount importance to have a security mechanism to avoid such losses. Our work focuses on this issue. It particularly concerns the development of a security mechanism to ensure a completely secure communication between energy suppliers and their consumers while preserving the privacy of end customers in terms of protection of their personal information including their identities. The experimental results underscore that our solution outperforms those of the literature in terms of computation cost and robustness against various types of attacks.     

The electronic purse [prepayment cards]

A prepayment card is usually the size and shape of a credit card and has value encoded on it, which is partially used for each purchase until none is left. The card is then normally thrown away, although a growing minority of prepayment cards are designed to be recharged and used again. Prepayment cards usually need some electronic device at the point of sale to carry out the decrementing, and a reloading facility requires other equipment that accepts banknotes, credit or debit cards to put value on the card. So far, payphones and `stored-value tickets' for trains and buses are the largest applications. The author describes the technology involved in magnetic stripe, optical and chip cards. The author discusses the security features of each type of card     

基于RFID的控制阀系统设计

射频识别技术（RFID）是一项利用射频信号通过空间耦合（交变磁场或电磁场）实现无线方式对电子数据栽体进行识别的新兴自动识别技术.针对低功耗和高效性,设计了一种以Nuvoton Nano110低功耗MCU为核心的125KHz的RFID控制阀系统.该系统采用分立元件搭建了成本极低的ATA5567射频卡读写电路,构建了段码式LCD显示和控制阀门的电机驱动模块.通过实践检验了系统的稳定性,可将其用于成本敏感的预付费卡表（水表、燃气表和热量表等）.     

Cryptographic Processors-A Survey

Tamper-resistant cryptographic processors are becoming the standard way to enforce data-usage policies. Their origins lie with military cipher machines and PIN processing in banking payment networks, expanding in the 1990s into embedded applications: token vending machines for prepayment electricity and mobile phone credit. Major applications such as GSM mobile phone identification and pay TV set-top boxes have pushed low-cost cryptoprocessors toward ubiquity. In the last five years, dedicated crypto chips have been embedded in devices such as game console accessories and printer ink cartridges, to control product and accessory after markets. The "Trusted Computing" initiative will soon embed cryptoprocessors in PCs so they can identify each other remotely. This paper surveys the range of applications of tamper-resistant hardware and the array of attack and defense mechanisms which have evolved in the tamper-resistance arms race.     

基于RTX51嵌入式操作系统的智能卡电能表的设计

介绍了一种基于RTX51嵌入式多任务实时操作系统的智能卡电能表,主要硬件结构包括MCU为STC12LEC5A60S2,单相电能计量芯片ADE7755,采用铁电存储器FM25C160存储相应数据。通过将ADE7755计量电能至存储器,并与用户可用电量比较,若是电量不足以支付,则声光报警提醒用户,通过智能卡接口完成智能卡电表的预付费功能。     

Electricity Consumption Scheduling with Consumers' Comfort and Preference in Smart Grid

A game theory based scheduling method for household electricity consumption in smart grid is proposed in this paper.A non-cooperative game model is employed during the scheduling.All household consumers compete with each other and control their loads to maximize their payoffs.For solving the scheduling problem,we formulate the Utility optimization (UO) model,in which the electricity cost reduction and the improvement of consumers' comfort and preference are considered simultaneously.The System optimization (SO) model only minimizes the electricity cost when scheduling the consumers' electricity consumption.Then we compare and analyze the two models in numerical simulation.The existence and the uniqueness of Nash equilibrium for proposed game model are proved.Simulation results show that the UO model provides an effective scheduling approach to achieve higher comfort and preference and at the same time decrease the energy cost.     

Towards Privacy Protection in Smart Grid

The smart grid is an electronically controlled electrical grid that connects power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumers using information communication technologies. One of the key characteristics of the smart grid is its support for bi-directional information flow between the consumer of electricity and the utility provider. This two-way interaction allows electricity to be generated in real-time based on consumers’ demands and power requests. As a result, consumer privacy becomes an important concern when collecting energy usage data with the deployment and adoption of smart grid technologies. To protect such sensitive information it is imperative that privacy protection mechanisms be used to protect the privacy of smart grid users. We present an analysis of recently proposed smart grid privacy solutions and identify their strengths and weaknesses in terms of their implementation complexity, efficiency, robustness, and simplicity.     

Sentiment Analysis as a Source of Gaining Competitive Advantage on the Electricity Markets

The electricity retail markets are evolving toward more competitive and customer-oriented. The deployment of smart meters and a wealth of new technologies create customers' eagerness for taking control of their electricity consumption. By being better-informed about the energy usage, people are encouraged to switch deals among existing suppliers or move to a new energy provider. Moreover, as customers are more socially interconnected, the Internet portals and social media become a place for discussion, comparison, and evaluation of the available offers. Unfortunately, in case of the energy sector there is a lack of understanding that such information, when taken into account and properly analyzed, can be a completely new and a powerful source of competitive advantage.In the paper, we introduce a solution that the use of quasi real-time automated sentiment analysis on the energy suppliers and the relevant aspects of their offers may enable energy companies to adapt quickly to changing circumstances, prevent potential customer churn, and harness new business opportunities.     

A touch of money [biometric authentication systems]

This paper suggests the use of a new authentication system for credit cards based on biometric sensors that could dramatically curtail identity theft. The proposed system uses fingerprint sensors, though other biometric technologies, either alone or in combination, could be incorporated. It could be economical, protect privacy, and guarantee the validity of all kinds of credit card transactions, including ones that take place at a store, over the telephone, or with an Internet-based retailer. By preventing identity thieves from entering the transaction loop, credit card companies could quickly recoup their infrastructure investments and save businesses, consumers, and themselves billions of dollars every year.     

A Practical Electronic Payment System for Message Delivery Service in the Mobile Environment

Instead of the traditional credit card payment system, we propose a new electronic payment system for use in a mobile environment. The idea behind this payment service is that a user (customer) applies a message delivery service to obtain a varied authentication token from a servicing bank through his cell phone. The token is used to ensure the validity of the transaction and the legality of the user. On the other hand, because only the user knows the authentication token, he/her cannot later deny that he/her made the transaction. Therefore, in addition to authentication, the property of non-repudiation can also be achieved by using our proposed scheme. Most importantly, our scheme does not require any credit card or tamper-resistant device (i.e. smart card) to store critical information. Consequently, the electronic payment system enhances the security of the traditional credit card payment system. The proposed scheme eliminates the risks of losing a card and duplicating the content of a user’s card by a dishonest merchant.     

Opportunistic RPL for reliable AMI mesh networks

Driven by the need to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact, we observe a thrust towards enabling a Smart Grid. It is envisaged that to achieve these goals, the Smart Grid will be equipped with communications infrastructure and mechanisms that will enable near real-time control of the grid components. One of the key elements of the Smart Grid is the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) which is expected to facilitate the transport of meter readings from a smart electricity meter at the customer premises to the utility provider, and control data in the other direction. These communications can be potentially realized by deploying a self-organizing mesh network composed of smart metering nodes connected to concentrator nodes which in turn are connected to the utility provider data management systems. This paper explores a cooperative communications approach to improve reliability of such mesh networks. The proposed opportunistic forwarding protocol called ‘ORPL’ has been realized as an enhancement on top of the routing protocol for low power and lossy networks, a connectivity enabling mechanism in AMI mesh networks. In ORPL, smart meter nodes select multiple candidate relays to facilitate reliable transport of smart metering data to the concentrator node. Moreover, it is designed to work in a distributed manner thereby ensuring scalability. We also present a further extension to ORPL, i.e., ORPLx with adaptive medium access control retransmit limit, which reduces unnecessary retransmissions. Our protocols have been evaluated and verified with comprehensive experimental results, demonstrating their effectiveness and favorable characteristics.     

基于异构数据的电力短期负荷大数据预测方案

随着多种可再生能源电力的接入,电力系统正在向更智能、更灵活、交互性更高的系统过渡。负荷预测,特别是针对单个电力客户的短期负荷预测在未来电网规划和运行中发挥着越来越重要的作用。提出了一个基于异构数据的电力短期负荷大数据预测方案,该方案收集来自智能电表和天气预报的数据,预处理后将其加载到非关系型数据库中进行存储并做进一步的异构数据处理;设计并实现了一个长短期记忆递归神经网络模型,用于确定负荷分布并预测未来24 h的住宅小区用电量;最后利用一个住宅小区的智能电表数据集对提出的短期负荷预测框架进行了测试,并使用均方根误差和平均绝对百分比误差两个指标,对比了预测模型与两种经典算法的性能,验证了所提模型的有效性。     

智能电网中客户数据安全策略的分析

随着用电人数和用电量的快速增加，各地都开始建设智能电网，以合理调配电力资源。文中首先分析了客户数据安全保障工作在智能电网中的重要性，其次分析了智能电网中数据安全保障工作的现状，并探究了智能电网面临的网络安全威胁，最后提出了优化数据安全保障工作的策略，以期为各地的智能电网管理人员提供借鉴，推动智能电网数据保护工作的发展。