石油焦制备活性炭工艺条件的优化及其孔结构表征

以独山子石油焦为原料,以氯化锌为活化剂,采用微波加热方式制备活性炭,通过碘吸附、苯吸附等考察所制活性炭的吸附性能,并对活性炭的制备工艺条件进行筛选和优化。结果表明：微波加热法制备活性炭时,最佳工艺条件是：氯化锌、石油焦、煤沥青的质量比为1．5：7．5：1,微波功率1300W,辐照时间6min。所得样品比表面积1095．7m^2／g,碘吸附值673．7mg／g,苯吸附值781．1mg／g,强度20．3N。通过与电炉法对比发现,微波加热和电加热制备的活性炭孔结构不同,微波法制备的活性炭在比表面积、孔径分布等方面优于电炉法制备的活性炭。     

微波法制备石油焦系活性炭及其吸附CO2性能研究

以石油焦为原料,KOH为活化剂,通过微波辐照制备活性炭,考察了各因素对活性炭吸附CO2性能的影响。CO2吸附效果最佳时的工艺条件为糠醛渣掺比量10%,剂炭比5誜1,微波功率1 200 W,辐照时间10 min,在此工艺条件下所得样品的CO2吸附值为236.2 mg.g-1;同时,研究发现微波法制备的活性炭与电炉法所制备的活性炭对CO2的吸附效果相接近,但微波法极大地缩短了反应时间。低温下微波法制备的活性炭CO2吸附效果较好,再生性能好,掺入适量糠醛渣有助于提高其对CO2吸附效果。     

酸枣核壳联产制备糠醛及活性炭研究

以酸枣核壳为原料,利用硫酸法制备糠醛,在单因素实验的基础上采用正交试验法研究硫酸浓度、料液比、蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间对糠醛得率的影响。糠醛渣采用微波辐照氯化锌法制备活性炭,通过正交实验法研究氯化锌浓度、浸渍时间、微波功率、辐照时间对活性炭得率、碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响。结果显示,制备糠醛的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸浓度2.0 mol/L,料液比1∶5,蒸馏温度150℃,蒸馏时间2.5 h,在该条件下糠醛的产率为3.8%;制备活性炭的最佳制备工艺条件为氯化锌浓度50%、浸渍时间24 h、微波功率700 W、辐射时间7 min。在此条件下,酸枣核壳活性炭的得率为60%,碘吸附值与亚甲基蓝脱色力分别为933.24 mg/g和111.92 m L/g。本研究为酸枣资源的综合加工利用提供了一条新的途径。     

文冠果壳渣联产糠醛及高吸附性能活性炭

以文冠果壳为原料,利用硫酸法制备糠醛,在单因素实验的基础上采用正交试验法研究硫酸浓度(A)、料液比(B)、蒸馏温度(C)、蒸馏时间(D)对糠醛得率的影响。糠醛渣采用微波辐照氯化锌法制备活性炭,通过正交试验法研究氯化锌浓度(A)、浸渍时间(B)、微波功率(C)、辐照时间(D)对活性炭得率、碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响。结果显示,制备糠醛的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸浓度为2.0 mol/L,料液比为1∶6,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为2 h,在该条件下糠醛的产率为17.2%;制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:氯化锌质量分数为40%,浸渍时间为24 h,微波功率为700 W,辐射时间为5 min,在此条件下,文冠果壳木糖渣活性炭的得率为53.35%,碘吸附值与亚甲基蓝脱色力分别达到983.17 mg/g和165.59 m L/g。     

梧桐树叶基活性炭的制备研究

研究了制备梧桐树叶基活性炭的影响因素。以深秋梧桐树叶为原料,采用微波辐照磷酸活化法制备了梧桐树叶基活性炭,并对影响梧桐树叶基活性炭吸附性能的因素进行了研究。选取微波功率、辐照时间、液固比、活化剂浓度为影响因素,以碘吸附值作为评价指标,通过正交实验确定了梧桐树叶基活性炭的最佳制备条件;分析了各影响因素对梧桐树叶基活性炭性能的影响程度。以碘吸附值作为评价指标,最佳水平组合为微波功率800 W、辐照时间8 min、活化剂浓度80%、液固比为3 mL.g-1,在此条件下制备的梧桐树叶基活性炭碘吸附值大于618.78 mg.g-1。各影响因素对梧桐树叶基活性炭性能的影响程度依次为活化时间>液固比>微波功率>磷酸浓度。     

氯化锌活化木糖渣制活性炭及应用研究

文章以两步法生产糠醛中间废弃物木糖渣为原料,用氯化锌进行活化制备活性炭,并将所制备活性炭用于糠醛废水处理。考察了活性炭制备条件对其吸附性能的影响,探索最佳活性炭制备工艺;研究了所制备的活性炭产品对糠醛废水的脱色性能。结果表明,在最佳制备条件下制得活性炭碘吸附值及亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为818.9 mg/g和178.5 mg/g;所制活性炭用于糠醛废水的脱色处理,脱色率可达到97.8%。     

微波法制备秸秆活性炭初步研究

以棉花秸秆为原料,采用微波法在不同操作条件下制备活性炭,通过检测活性炭样品的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值,探讨了浸渍比、浸渍时间、微波功率、微波辐照时间和氯化锌质量分数等操作条件对活性炭样品性能的影响。制备出的吸附剂吸附性能优于商业活性炭。     

微波活化法气体分离用褐煤活性炭的制备及性能表征

以褐煤为原料,KOH为活化剂和微波吸收剂,分别以常规活化和微波活化的方式一步制备褐煤活性炭。采用碘吸附值为基准指标评估其吸附性能,利用氮气吸附脱附分析其比表面积和孔隙结构,SEM和TEM表征其显微结构,FTIR和Boehm滴定法研究其表面官能团的类型和数量。结果表明,微波功率700 W,辐照10 min,碱碳比1∶1时制得碘吸附值最高的活性炭,碘值达1 425.2 mg/g,比表面积可达1 369.5 m²/g,孔容为1.02 cm2/g,孔容为1.02 cm³/g,主要为微孔和小介孔;相较于常规活性炭,微波活化活性炭的表面酸性含氧基团含量明显较少,碱性含氧基团含量较多,适用于酸性气体分离。     

磷酸活化微波辐照花生壳制备活性炭

以花生壳为原料、磷酸为活化剂,微波加热制备活性炭。研究了活化剂浓度、料液比、微波功率、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能及收率的影响。采用单因素实验,以活性炭的亚甲基蓝脱色力为考察指标,确定了微波辐照花生壳制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：活化剂浓度为40%,料液比为1∶3,微波功率为462 W,活化时间为20 min。     

微波加热化学活化法制备活性炭的优化工艺研究

研究了微波加热条件下碳酸钾活化制备活性炭的工艺流程。以碳酸钾为活化剂,微波为热源,采用正交试验,研究了浸渍时间、活化剂浓度、微波功率、微波加热时间对活性炭产品性能碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、得率的影响规律,得到了最佳工艺条件,即微波功率600 W、微波加热时间6 min、碳酸钾浓度0.20 g/mL、浸渍时间24 h。制得活性炭的碘吸附值可达1189.68 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值190 mL/g、得率29.48%,在该工艺条件下,制备的活性炭试样比表面积为1186.10 m²/g,总孔容积0.624 cm³/g,微孔容积0.407 cm³/g,吸附性能较国家标准有所提高。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。