卡塞格仑光学天线相干接收混频效率的研究

在激光工程应用中,特别是激光大气通信、激光雷达等系统常常使用卡塞格仑光学天线作为相干接收光学天线。 相干接收信号光、本振光的混频程度由相干接收混频效率η_(?)定义。     

空间激光通信中的光学系统

给出了空间激光通信系统中光学系统的构成并分析了各个部分的功能,介绍了几种形式的光学天线及空间激光通信中的自适应光学技术。在光学天线的分析中,指出卡塞格伦天线用于空间激光通信所具有的优势,分析了卡塞格伦天线的性能以及设计中要注意的问题。     

分集阵列式水下激光通信光学接收天线设计

针对水下无线激光通信系统中对准困难的问题,提出了一种分集阵列式光学接收天线,在光学设计软件Zemax中分别设计出了复合光学接收天线和分集阵列式光学接收天线的光学结构,分析了复合光学接收天线和分集阵列式光学接收天线的视场角、聚光效率以及光源移动范围,并且通过实验和Matlab仿真给出两种光学接收天线的聚光效率随光源径向移动范围和光源入射角的关系,结果表明:当光源尺寸10 mm时,复合光学接收天线的聚光效率是0.06%,接收视场角是6,光源径向移动范围是6 mm;分集阵列式光学接收天线的聚光效率是0.06%,接收视场角是16,光源径向移动范围是22 mm。因此分集阵列式光学接收天线更适用于水下激光通信系统。     

大容差中波红外激光通信终端光学天线研制

为了降低激光通信光学系统公差要求,节省研制成本,减小大气散射对激光通信链路的影响,采用波长工作在大气窗口的中红外激光器作为激光通信光源,研制了与之匹配的中波红外激光通信终端光学系统。首先,利用激光通信能量链路传输方程,根据中波红外激光器光束参数和接收端探测器灵敏度,计算出光学天线口径、发散角等设计参数,并给出激光通信收发光学系统波像差要求。接着,利用ZEMAX软件进行了中红外激光通信收发光学系统的设计与公差分析,对两系统进行了加工、测试,完成了系统研制。测试结果显示,中红外激光通信发射光学天线光学传递函数与理论值最大偏离9.3%,接收光学系统波像差RMS为0.075λ (λ=4.7 μm),满足设计要求。结果表明:采用中红外激光作为激光通信光源可降低光学天线的加工装调难度。     

大气激光通信机的光学模型和物理实现研究

将光学理论应用到大气激光通信机设计中,提炼出大气激光通信机的发射和探测过程的光学理论模型,提炼推证了半导体激光器远场发射、准直发射和接收透镜探测损耗的公式,提炼推证了准直激光焦面探测爱里斑公式及对应的质心运算和质心评价公式。设计了和上述推证相关的光学天线和分光镜等。设计了光学天线分辨率、CCD捕获分辨率、通信分辨率、伺服系统分辨率等和系统精度相关的参数。     

空间激光通信离轴两镜反射望远镜自由曲面光学天线设计

同轴两反结构作为空间激光通信光学天线时常存在接收视场小、发射效率低等缺点。同时,因中心遮拦造成的能量损失,也会大大降低通信系统的瞄准和捕获概率。针对此缺陷,提出采用离轴两反天线结构并引入自由曲面设计以提高通信系统的性能。由初级像差理论推导得出离轴两反系统的初始结构,并采用Zernike多项式自由曲面面形,增加系统设计自由度,提高系统平衡像差的能力。给出入瞳口径与焦距相同的同轴两反和离轴两反系统的设计实例,并比较二者的光学传递函数MTF、点列图、衍射包围圆能量、波前误差等。结果表明:离轴两反自由曲面天线的像质明显优于同轴两反天线,因而该种天线结构的使用可提升空间激光通信系统的整体性能。     

无线光通信一对多发射天线研究进展

无线光通信是一种新兴的通信技术,具有高速、大容量和安全性好等优势。然而,传统的无线光通信系统存在着单对单通信模式限制,无法满足多用户同时通信的需求。无线光通信中光学天线起着发射和接收耦合光信号的作用,一对多点发射天线可以拓展无线光通信的应用。对国内外一点对多点光学天线的发展进行总结,介绍了一对多光学天线的基本原理。对目前现有的几种一对多光学天线设计方案进行讨论。最后对该领域的发展趋势和未来发展方向进行展望。     

一种抗可见光蜂窝网小区间干扰的光学发射天线设计

本文提出了一种应用于可见光蜂窝网的自由曲面光学发射天线,用于改善整个网络范围内的信号质量以提高系统的通信性能.首先基于能量映射关系和斯涅尔定律,设计了目标光分布区域为矩形的基于自由曲面透镜的光学发射天线,应用该天线能使半导体发光二极管(LED)光源发出的光信号均匀分布在0.8 m×0.8 m的正方形范围内.而后将设计的光学发射天线应用于可见光蜂窝网,并进一步对网络接收区域的光信号质量和系统性能做了分析.结果表明,在一个3m×3m×3m房间中安装有16个LED光源作为接入点,采用所设计的自由曲面光学发射天线,网络覆盖区域的光信号分布均匀度达到了0.8以上,同信道干扰基本消除,平均信干噪比为12.6 dB,系统具有较好的误码率性能,能够有效地保证可见光蜂窝网的通信质量.     

离轴天线在卫星激光通信系统中的应用

现有卫星激光通信终端通常采用同轴两反天线结构,该结构存在接收视场小、发射效率低等缺点。为消除同轴两反结构存在的固有缺陷,提高卫星激光通信系统的瞄准和捕获效率,研究了利用离轴三反结构提高卫星激光通信系统的性能。首先根据基本像差理论,推导得到离轴三反光学结构的初始结构方程。利用离轴结构具有更多设计参量的优势,对离轴三反结构进行优化设计,给出了设计实例。计算机仿真得到的光学传递函数、点列图、衍射包围圆能量和波前误差等均表明:离轴三反结构与同轴两反结构相比,具有更加优异的性能,能够满足卫星激光通信系统不断提升的性能要求。     

基于空间光通信卡塞格伦天线弊端的探讨

对于任何通信系统而言，天线能否正确发射和接收有效信号是人们最为关心的问题。对于点对点的激光通信系统而言，由于激光与电波迥然不同的特点，在天线系统的设计上更需严格要求。在空间光通信系统中，光学天线是一个物镜系统，通过折射、反射和折射一反射光学系统实现，目前应用比较广泛的是牛顿系统、格林系统以及卡塞格伦系统。讨论了卡塞格伦天线系统．该系统的结构（双反射式）决定了存在遮挡比造成光能量浪费的潜在问题，也就是所谓的渐晕现象。另一个问题是像差，也就是卡塞格伦天线系统要获得良好的像质必须以牺牲视场为代价。基于这两点提出了减小渐晕的几种新方案，并从减小像差上进行了理论分析。     

Fiber fuse phenomenon in triangular-profile single-mode optical fibers

The unsteady-state thermal conduction processes in triangular-profile (TP) optical fibers, which exhibited zero chromatic dispersion near 1.55 /spl mu/m, were studied theoretically with the explicit finite-difference method (FDM). It was estimated that these fibers would exhibit a high-temperature optical absorption on the basis of the high-temperature loss-increase mechanism proposed for step-index (SI) optical fibers. The core-center temperature of the TP fibers changed suddenly and reached over 7/spl times/10/sup 5/ K when a 1.064-/spl mu/m laser power of 1 W was inputted into the core layer heated at 2608 K. This rapid heating of the core initiated the "fiber fuse" phenomenon. The propagation rates of the fiber fuse, estimated at 1.064 /spl mu/m, were in fairly good agreement with the experimentally determined values. It was found that the threshold powers for initiating the fiber fuse are linearly proportional to the roots of the effective core areas of both the SI and the TP optical fibers. This coincides the experimental result reported by Seo et al.     

Theoretical model of optical fiber secure communication system with chaotic multiple-quantum-well lasers

Chaotic synchronization of injected multiple-quantum-well lasers of optical fiber system and a theoretical model of optical fiber chaotic secure communication system are presented by coupling a chaotic multiple-quantum-well laser synchroniza- tion system and a fiber channel. A new chaotic encoding method of chaos phase shift keying On/Off is proposed for optical fiber secure communications. Chaotic synchronization is achieved numerically in long-haul fiber system at wavelength 1.55 μm. The effect of the nonlinear-phase of fiber is analyzed on chaotic signal and synchronization. A sinusoidal signal of 0.2 GHz frequency is simulated numerically with chaos masking in long-haul fiber analog communication at wavelength 1.55 μm while a digital signal of 0.5 Gbit/s bit rate is simulated numerically with c1haos masking and a rate of 0.05 Gbit/s are also simulated numerically with chaos shift keying and chaos phase shift keying On/Off in long-haul fiber digital communica- tions at wavelength 1.55 μm     

Fiber fuse phenomenon in step-index single-mode optical fibers

The unsteady-state thermal conduction process in step-index single-mode (SM) optical fiber was studied theoretically with the explicit finite-difference method. We considered a high-temperature loss-increase mechanism, which includes two factors that bring about an increase in the absorption coefficients: 1) electronic conductivity due to the thermal ionization of a Ge-doped silica core and 2) thermochemical SiO production in silica glass. The core-center temperature changed suddenly and reached over 4/spl times/10/sup 5/ K when a 1.064-/spl mu/m laser power of 2 W was input into the core layer heated at 2723 K. This rapid heating of the core initiated the "fiber fuse" phenomenon. The high-temperature core areas were enlarged and propagated toward the light source. The propagation rates of the fiber fuse, estimated at 1.064 and 1.48 /spl mu/m, were in fair agreement with the experimentally determined values. We found that the threshold power for initiating the fiber fuse increases from 0.98 to 1.26 W when the input laser wavelength is increased from 1.06 to 1.55 /spl mu/m.     

Microchip optical parametric oscillators

The frequency-doubled output of a high-power passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser has been used to pump a KTP doubly resonant miniature monolithic Fabry-Perot (microchip) optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The OPO operated with 20% conversion efficiency, generating 8.4 /spl mu/J of 1.064-/spl mu/m radiation in 600-ps pulses, with excellent mode quality and pulse-to-pulse stability. This is the most compact OPO system yet demonstrated, generating the shortest pulses reported for an OPO pumped with Q-switched pulses. This technology makes it possible to obtain miniature optical system operating at any wavelength throughout the near IR, visible, and UV.     

氩离子激光泵浦的Nd:YAG单晶光纤激光器

本文报道了以氩离子激光作泵浦源的Nd:YAG单晶光纤激光器的研究结果。获得了波长为1.064μm基模的连续激光输出。其斜率效率高于20％;最高激光输出达35mW。实验结果与理论计算基本吻合     

激光通信与成像卡塞格林形式收发光学天线结构初解

在激光通信和成像系统中,卡塞格林形式的光学天线不论作为激光信号收发装置还是光学成像装置,像差的存在必然会降低其信号强度和成像质量等性能。通过分析三级像差理论和光学天线微扰理论,依据天线增益因子与遮挡比之间的关系,提出一种方便快捷求解卡塞格林式光学天线结构的方法。此方法在考虑光学天线效率的同时,也可以满足光学系统设计的体积尺寸、像差的要求,在仅知道光学系统焦距、主次镜间距和遮挡比的情况下,可以快捷求出光学天线结构参数。不但给出了四类卡塞格林式光学天线的光学结构参数计算公式,并且结合实际使用对不同的适用场合进行说明及优缺点对比。通过四种典型光学天线的实例计算结果和最优结果比对,表明此方法是一种方便快捷精准求解卡塞格林式的光学天线结构的方法,在工程上具实际指导意义。     

Optical WDM transceiver module using wavelength-selective couplerand WDM-PD for optical access networks

A new optical wavelet division multiplexing (WDM)-transceiver module has been designed and fabricated for optical access networks. Conventional 1.3/1.55-μm WDM-coupler and Y-branch were replaced by a new wavelength-selective coupler in order to reduce module size. A new WDM-photodiode (PD), which was photosensitive to 1.3 μm light and transparent to 1.55 μm light, and a 1.55-μm PD were arranged in series along the optical axis. An MQW-FP-LD was used as a 1.3-μm transmitter. Fundamental characteristics were measured and discussed. Evaluation results, P_out of 0 dBm, responsivity of 0.36 A/W at 1.31 μm and 0.74 A/W at 1.55 μm, and IMD2 of -76.2 dBc, imply that this WDM-transceiver module design is promising to application for optical access networks     

Transporting CDMA signals over an analog optical link

We have investigated transmitting wireless code division multiple-access (CDMA) signals from a remote antenna to a centralized base station over an analog optical link. We present specifications for transmission of standard (IS.95) CDMA signals and demonstrate that unisolated uncooled lasers can meet these requirements. Tests were conducted using both a 1.3-μm Fabry-Perot laser and a 1.55-μm distributed-feedback laser (DFB)     

大气无线光通信系统中数字脉冲间隔调制研究

基于光强闪烁的大气无线光通信系统模型,研究了数字脉冲间隔调制(DPIM)方式的差错性能,分析了符号结构、发射功率、带宽需求等问题,并与 OOK(开关键控)和 PPM(脉冲位置调制)调制方式进行比较。理论和仿真研究结果表明,DPIM 调制方式较 PPM 方式有较高的功率效率和较少的带宽需求,特别是在系统实现上相对于 PPM 大大简化。因此 DPIM 应用于无线光通信系统具有一定优势。