酚醛树脂用量对天然橡胶/丁腈橡胶阻尼材料性能的影响

研究了增黏型酚醛树脂(PF)用量对天然橡胶/丁腈橡胶共混阻尼材料的硫化特性、力学性能、压缩生热以及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,随着PF用量由0增加至10份(质量),天然橡胶/丁腈橡胶共混胶的最小和最大转矩及转矩差均减小,焦烧时间和正硫化时间延长;拉伸强度和定伸应力减小,扯断伸长率和撕裂强度增大,回弹性显著下降;疲劳温升和动态压缩永久变形增大;滞后能量密度和阻尼系数逐渐增大。动态力学分析结果表明,共混后两相的损耗因子峰值均略有下降,但两相的玻璃化转变区域都明显向高温方向移动,共混胶损耗模量峰也向高温方向移动且峰值略有增大,室温附近的阻尼性能明显增强。     

受阻酚AO-80/氯化丁基橡胶/丁腈橡胶复合材料的制备及阻尼性能

制备了炭黑增强的受阻酚AO-80/氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料,利用扫描电镜、动态力学分析仪、力学性能测试等手段研究了该复合材料的微观形态、力学性能、动态力学性能和阻尼性能及其关系。结果表明,受阻酚AO-80与CIIR/NBR共混胶的相容性良好。AO-80/CIIR/NBR复合材料呈现2个玻璃化转变温度,分别对应于CIIR相和NBR相。随着复合材料中AO-80用量的增加,NBR相的玻璃化转变温度大幅度向高温方向移动,其最大损耗因子从1.24提高到2.02,损耗峰面积不断增大,显示出优异的阻尼性能。炭黑的加入可有效提高AO-80/CIIR/NBR复合材料的力学性能,但其损耗因子明显降低。综合考虑阻尼性能和力学性能,复合材料中的炭黑用量以30份(质量)为宜。     

受阻酚AO-80/聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备受阻酚AO-80/聚醇型热塑性聚氨酯(PES-TPU)复合材料,并对其性能进行研究.结果表明,受阻酚AO-80/PES-TPU复合材料中,受阻酚AO-80呈无定形态.与PES-TPU基体的相容性良好;随着受阻酚AO-80用量的增大,受阻酚AO-80/PES-TPU复合材料的损耗因子峰值增大,损耗峰向高温方向移动,阻尼性能提高,但拉伸性能有所降低.     

硫磺和炭黑用量对丁腈橡胶性能的影响

以丁腈橡胶NBR 4155为基体,研究了硫化剂S-80和补强剂炭黑N330的用量对其硫化特性、力学性能和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,硫磺含量增加时,NBR的硫化速率加快,焦烧期缩短,加工安全性下降,硬度和定伸应力持续上升,玻璃化转变区域向高温方向移动并且损耗因子峰值减小,拉伸和撕裂强度在用量为1.0份时达到最高。炭黑N330对NBR的补强效果显著,使硬度和定伸应力大幅提升,但用量超过40份后会发生团聚,且对阻尼性能有不利影响,当炭黑用量由20份增加到60份时,损耗因子峰值由1.47降至0.75,有效阻尼温域由34.2℃降到31.3℃。     

丙烯腈含量对NBR/TPU共混物性能的影响

采用熔融共混的方法制备了丙烯腈含量不同的丁腈橡胶(NBR)和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的复合材料,探究了丙烯腈含量和填料对NBR/TPU共混物的物理机械性能及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,随着丙烯腈含量增加,NBR/TPU共混物的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率明显提高,硬度略有增加;NBR/TPU共混物的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)向室温移动,有效阻尼温域变宽,阻尼性能得到改善。扫描电子显微镜结果显示,滑石粉作填料较白炭黑在NBR/TPU共混物中的分散性更好;动态热机械分析数据表明,滑石粉作填料时,NBR/TPU共混物的损耗因子峰值为1.18,比白炭黑作填料时的0.77有很大提升,有效阻尼温域也更宽。     

聚氯乙烯热塑性弹性体的阻尼性能研究

研究了增塑剂、无机填料以及酚醛树脂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)热塑性弹性体(TPE)力学性能及动态力学性能的影响。结果表明:聚酯增塑PVC弹性体材料体系的tanδ峰值明显高于DOP、DOTP、TOTM三种增塑剂,且阻尼性能最优;随着聚酯用量的增加,PVC弹性体的tanδ峰值逐渐提高,tanδ峰逐渐向低温方向移动。PVC热塑性弹性体中加入适量无机填料可以提高其tanδ峰值;可以用酚醛树脂调整PVC弹性体阻尼材料tanδ峰所对应的温域,从而改善其阻尼性能。     

丁腈橡胶、聚氯乙烯机械共混工艺及其性能

对不同聚氯乙烯含量、不同结晶量、不同增塑剂种类、不同用量对混炼胶物理机械性能、溶胀性能进行对比,结果显示,提高聚氯乙烯的含量,胶料的强度、硬度、耐溶胀性能提高,综合性能最佳比例为80/20~60/40。丁腈橡胶和聚氯乙烯配比相同时,共混胶性能随结丙量变化趋势与丁腈橡胶一致;共混胶的耐介质性能与增塑剂的空间位阻、分子链结构、与共混胶的相容性有关,增大增塑剂用量,可以改善溶胀性能。     

硫化体系对NR/NBR阻尼材料性能的影响

研究了硫化体系对天然橡胶/丁腈橡胶(NR/NBR)阻尼材料硫化特性、力学性能、压缩生热以及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,随着硫磺用量减小而促进剂用量增大,共混胶M_L、M_H和M_H-M_L均减小,t_(s1)缩短而t_(c90)先缩短后延长;共混胶拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、定伸应力、撕裂强度和硬度均逐渐减小,回弹性下降;温升增大而压缩永久变形逐渐减小;滞后能量密度(HED)和阻尼系数增大。DMA表明,NR和NBR两个损耗因子峰略有向低温位移的趋势,且峰值tanδmax明显增大,损耗模量也有所增大,反映出共混胶阻尼性能的提升。     

反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的结晶性对丁苯橡胶/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混硫化胶动态力学性能的影响

用动态力学分析仪和差示扫描量热仪研究了丁苯橡胶(SBR)/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)共混硫化胶的动态力学性能和结晶性能。结果表明,SBR与TPI的两相相容性良好。随着TPI用量的增加,SBR/TPI共混硫化胶的玻璃化转变温度向低温方向移动,且损耗因子峰值逐渐降低。用炭黑填充CV体系硫化SBR/TPI共混胶的损耗因子峰值低于相应的未填充胶料;而当TPI晶体熔融后,炭黑填充胶料的损耗因子要大于未填充者。不同硫化体系硫化SBR/TPI共混胶的损耗因子峰值和玻璃化转变温度从大到小的变化依次为CV体系、EV体系和DCP体系。     

SIS/石油树脂共混物高温阻尼性能的研究

通过动态力学分析研究苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SIS）／石油树脂共混物的高温阻尼性能。结果表明，SIS有两个独立的tantδ峰；聚苯乙烯（PS）硬段含量越大，SIS的高温tantδ峰值越大，粘流温度越高，高温阻尼性能越好。SIS／石油树脂共混物的有效阻尼温度范围和tantδ峰值较大，高温阻尼性能较SIS好；石油树脂软化点升高，共混物的阻尼温度范围增大，且向高温方向移动。SIS-A／石油树脂（P140）共混比为40／60时，共混物在57～109℃范围内的阻尼性能较好。加入PS或PS／云母可使共混物的阻尼温度范围进一步向高温方向偏移。     

Study on the damping of EVM based blends

The mechanical and damping properties of blends of ethylene‐vinyl acetate rubber(VA content >40 wt %) (EVM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and EVM/ethylene‐propylene‐diene copolymer (EPDM), both with 1.4 phr BIPB (bis (tert‐butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene) as curing agent, were investigated by DMA. The effect of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the damping and mechanical properties of both rubber blends were studied. The results showed that in EVM/EPDM/PVC blends, EPDM was immiscible with EVM and could not expand the damping range of EVM at low temperature. PVC was miscible with EVM and dramatically improved the damping property of EVM at high temperature while keeping good mechanical performance. In EVM/NBR/PVC blends, PVC was partially miscible with EVM/NBR blends and remarkably widened the effective damping temperature range from 41.1°C for EVM/NBR to 62.4°C, while CPVC mixed EVM/NBR blends had an expanded effective damping temperature range of 63.5°C with only one damping peak. Curing agents BIPB and DCP had a similar influence on EVM/EPDM blends. DCP, however, dramatically raised the height of tan δ peak of EVM/NBR = 80/20 and expanded its effective damping temperature range to 64.9°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

DMA analysis of the damping of ethylene–vinyl acetate/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends

The mechanical and damping properties of blends of ethylene–vinyl acetate rubber (VA content > 40% wt) (EVM)/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), with 1.4 phr BIPB [bis (tert‐butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene] as curing agent, were investigated by DMA and DSC. The effect of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), silica, carbon black, and phenolic resin (PF) as a substitute curing agent, on the damping and mechanical properties of EVM/NBR blends were studied. The results showed that 10 phr CPVC did not contribute to the damping of EVM700/NBR blends; Silica could dramatically improve the damping of EVM700/NBR blends because of the formation of bound rubber between EVM700/NBR and silica, which appeared as a shoulder tan δ peak between 20 and 70°C proved by DMA and DSC. This shoulder tan δ peak increased as the increase of the content of EVM in EVM/NBR blends. The tensile strength, modulus at 100% and tear strength of the blend with SiO₂ increased while the elongation at break and hardness decreased comparing with the blend with CB. PF, partly replacing BIPB as the curing agent, could significantly improve the damping of EVM700/NBR to have an effective damping temperature range of over 100°C and reasonable mechanical properties. Among EVM600, EVM700, and EVM800/NBR/silica blend system, EVM800/NBR/silica blend had the best damping properties. The EVM700/NBR = 80/10 blend had a better damping property than EVM700/NBR = 70/20. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on morphology and mechanical properties of NBR/PVC blends

Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer based on Nitrile butadiene-rubber (NBR)/PVC with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (f-SWNTs) and non-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were prepared using a brabender internal mixer. Effects of two types of SWNTs (functionalized and non-functionalized) on morphology and mechanical properties of NBR/PVC blends were studied. Results showed that the mechanical properties of NBR/PVC/SWNTs nanocomposites improved with the increasing of SWNTs content and in particular with the increase of f-SWNTs content. Moreover, the enhancement of mechanical properties of NBR/PVC blends reinforced with functionalized SWNT was higher than that of NBR/PVC blends with non-functionalized SWNT. Dispersion of SWNTs and morphology of NBR/PVC/SWNT nanocomposites were determined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. TEM images illustrated that f-SWNTs were dispersed uniformly in NBR/PVC matrix while non-functionalized SWNTs showed much aggregation. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of NBR/PVC/SWNTs nanocomposites was also studied. The outcomes indicated that in the case of f-SWNTs, the intensity of tan ?? peak was lower than that in the case of non-functionalized SWNTs. Meanwhile, the intensity of tan ?? peak reduced when the content of f-SWNTs was increased.     

环氧树脂增强聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶共混胶的性能

用环氧树脂(EP)增强聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶(PVC/NBR)共混胶,研究了EP用量对共混胶力学性能的影响,考察了EP对炭黑增强PVC/NBR共混胶力学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜分析了共混胶的微观形貌。结果表明,用EP增强PVC/NBR共混胶,胶料的力学性能提高,且老化后性能变化不明显。在EP用量为18份左右时共混胶的综合性能最佳。EP对炭黑增强PVC/NBR共混胶力学性能的改善有一定作用。EP在PVC/NBR共混胶中原位聚合生成了直径约为200 nm的纤维。     

Dynamic mechanical properties of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network‐based on nitrile rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate)

In this article, semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (Semi‐IPNs) based on nitrile rubber (NBR) and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) (P(MMA‐BA)) were synthesized. The structure and damping properties of the prepared Semi‐IPNs blends were characterized and by fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), and tensile mechanical properties. The results showed that interpenetrating network based on P(MMA‐BA) and NBR was successfully obtained, which showed the improved thermal stability compared to NBR/P(MMA‐BA)‐based two‐roll mill blends. Furthermore, Semi‐IPNs showed significantly better the dynamic mechanical properties than that of the two‐roll mill system. With the increasing feed ratio of BA and MMA during the preparation of Semi‐IPNs, the loss peak position for P(MMA‐BA) in NBR/PMMA IPNs shifted to a lower temperature from 20°C to ?17°C, and when NBR in Semi‐IPNs was accounted for 40 wt %, the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that much more advanced damping material with wider temperature range (?30°C < T < 80°C) as tan δ > 0.45 can be achieved. Therefore, it was expected as a promising way to obtain the excellent damping materials with good oil‐resisted properties according the Semi‐IPNs system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40217.     

三元共聚尼龙/聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶三元共混弹性体研究

选择三元共聚尼龙（PA），聚氯乙烯（PVC）和丁腈橡胶（NBR）为主体材料，采用高温机械共混，化学交联工艺制得了PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体，探讨了PA／NBR，POM／NBR，PVC／NBR，HMWPVC／NBR三元共混体系性能，重点讨论了PA／PVC／NBR共混比，不同硫化体系，有机过氧物DCP用量等因素对PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体性能的影响，实验结果表明：选择适宜配方制得力学性能和耐油耐溶剂性能较好的PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体，扫描电镜的实验结果证实m(PA):m(PVC):m(NBR)=10:30:60和m(PA):m(PVC):m(NBR)=30:10:60两个体系的三元共混弹性体均具有较好的相容性，且前者的相容性更好。     

Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(vinyl chloride)/thermosetting resin blends

Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPNs) of PVC/thermoset were prepared by premixing porous, 150 μm diameter particles of PVC and a small quantity (from 5 to 15% by weight) of a single thermosetting liquid preresin from one of five types (e.g. methylene bis‐phenyl diisocyanate (MDI), oligomeric MDI isocyanates (PAPI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) prepolymer, epoxy, and vinyl ester resins, respectively). Two roll milling of these mixtures was followed by hot‐press curing. Mechanical testing indicated that most of these blends exhibited increased tensile, impact, and flexural strengths. The strength increments were greater when going from 0 to 5% thermoset content than when going from 5 to 10% or 10 to 15% thermoset. In many cases, increasing thermoset content from 10 to 15% gave slightly decreased or unchanged tensile, impact, and flexural strengths. This behavior is in accord with a “thermoset dilution effect” in PVC. Most of these SIPN blends exhibited a tan δ peak temperature lower than that for pure PVC in the glass transition region. The tan δ peak temperatures were progressively lowered as the amounts of thermoset increased. Also, a single distinct peak existed in the E″ curves for most of the blends. Only the PVC/epoxy (90/10) blend showed two peak maxima in E″ vs. temperature curves. All blends exhibited peak E″ values at a lower temperature than those of PVC which had been exposed to the same processing temperatures. These observations seem to rule out the presence of large domains of PVC, which are phase‐separated from PVC/thermoset SIPN, and pure thermoset domains. A substantial amount of the added thermoset appears to exist in SIPN type phases in these five blend types.     

丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯/受阻酚AO-60共混物的结构与性能

用差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射法、扫描电子显微镜及元素分析法分析了丁腈橡胶(NBR)/聚氯乙烯(PVC)/四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(AO-60)共混物的结构,并研究了共混物的阻尼性能及力学性能。结果表明,当AO-60用量小于50份时,其分子在基体中以非晶态形式存在;当AO-60用量超过50份时,过量的AO-60形成聚集体并在基体中形成少量的晶体;NBR/PVC/AO-60共混物内部呈现“海相-岛相”结构,连续相主要是NBR,而分散相主要是PVC与AO-60分子。NBR/PVC/AO-60共混物的损耗因子-温度曲线呈双峰特征,且随着AO-60用量的增加,峰值明显增大。当AO-60用量为50份时,NBR/PVC/AO-60共混物的综合力学性能较佳。     

NBR/革屑复合材料性能研究

将制革工艺中的削匀革屑（LS）与丁腈橡胶（NBR）混炼并压板制备成复合材料（NBR/LS）,通过测定复合材料物理力学性能考察工艺条件对材料性能的影响。分别对NBR纯胶和NBR/LS复合材料的热性能进行了表征。测试结果表明：NBR/LS复合材料制备中压板时间、温度和革屑含量均对NBR/LS复合材料有较大影响;最佳力学性能出现在压板时间为30 min,温度为150℃,革屑用量为15份的工艺条件下;革屑的加入使得NBR的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）从-33.6℃升高至-31.0℃,复合材料的tanδ峰值和损耗模量明显降低;NBR/LS复合材料比NBR纯胶有较好的热稳定性能。