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乙酸-水-乙酸正丁酯体系的分离是汽-液-液三相共沸精馏过程,相分裂的判断和精馏塔算法的改进是进行该精馏过程模拟的两个主要问题.本文根据现有的基础数据给出了该体系的逸度和活度因子计算模型,然后讨论了Gibbs自由能的变化规律和热力学稳定性条件,给出了该体系相分裂判据,并得到了完整的相分裂区;最后,根据多相精馏的特点对现有的精馏塔算法进行了改进,对该三元非均相共沸精馏过程进行了数值模拟,所得沿塔温度和各组分浓度分布曲线与工业实测数据吻合. 相似文献
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为了了解氯丁胶中1,2-二氯乙烷在装修时对作业人员的健康风险,从市场中收集了30份氯丁胶样品,采用气相色谱法对样品中1,2-二氯乙烷含量进行测定。并采用美国环境保护局的健康风险评价法,计算出装修时1,2-二氯乙烷的暴露浓度,并对潜在健康风险进行评价,结果表明:氯丁胶中1,2-二氯乙烷存在极高的致癌风险(10~(-4)),建议使用者采用适当措施以降低风险隐患。 相似文献
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鉴于1,2-二氯乙烷的高毒性及在溶剂型胶粘剂中已普遍使用,为了考察工作场所的安全性,以万能胶为代表,在1m3气候箱内分别从两个方面考察了贴面板中1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发性能:在万能胶浓度相同的前提下,1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发浓度与万能胶涂布量的关系;万能胶中1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率与1,2-二氯乙烷在万能胶中的浓度和挥发时间的关系。研究结果表明:对单面板而言,短时间内低1,2-二氯乙烷浓度的万能胶中1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率较高,并随时间的延长挥发速率有所减弱;而在高1,2-二氯乙烷浓度的万能胶中,短时间内1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率则随时间的延长而加快;1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发浓度与施胶量呈正比关系。对夹合板而言,1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率较均匀,若要使1,2-二氯乙烷完全挥发,则需要较长的时间;使用含1,2-二氯乙烷的万能胶存在一定的安全风险。 相似文献
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鉴于1,2-二氯乙烷的高毒性及在溶剂型胶粘剂中已普遍使用,为了考察工作场所的安全性,以万能胶为代表,在1m3气候箱内分别从两个方面考察了贴面板中1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发性能:在万能胶浓度相同的前提下,1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发浓度与万能胶涂布量的关系;万能胶中1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率与1,2-二氯乙烷在万能胶中的浓度和挥发时间的关系。研究结果表明:对单面板而言,短时间内低1,2-二氯乙烷浓度的万能胶中1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率较高,并随时间的延长挥发速率有所减弱;而在高1,2-二氯乙烷浓度的万能胶中,短时间内1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率则随时间的延长而加快;1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发浓度与施胶量呈正比关系。对夹合板而言,1,2-二氯乙烷的挥发速率较均匀,若要使1,2-二氯乙烷完全挥发,则需要较长的时间;使用含1,2-二氯乙烷的万能胶存在一定的安全风险。 相似文献
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叙述了共沸蒸馏法从未加氢裂解汽油中提取纯苯的工艺路线、试验装置、试验过程和试验结果,共沸精馏工艺条件:共沸剂用量为低沸物的33%,剥离剂为2%,纯苯含量≥99.4%,全程收率≥93%。此法工艺过程具备了工业化条件。 相似文献
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阐述了一种陶瓷材料与金属铸件表层复合用于水泵过流部件的技术,通过对原料选择与制备、工艺过程设计的探索,成功地将此技术应用于水泵过流部件生产,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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醋酸的腐蚀特性及缓蚀剂 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
简要地介绍了碳钢、不锈钢、铜、铝及它们的合金在各种浓度的醋酸溶液中 ,在不同温度 (从室温到沸点 )时的腐蚀特性及一些缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率 相似文献
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The separation of water and acetic acid mixtures is a challenging task in the terephthalic acid production process. This study addresses the techno-economical optimization of an heteroextractive distillation column that uses p-xylene as entrainer. The optimization of this column is performed by means of robust optimizers belonging to the BzzMath library, coupled with the detailed process simulation of the downstream section performed with the commercial software SimSci PRO/II. A comparison with respect to the commercial simulator optimizer and a quantification of benefits are given. Results show that the BzzMath robust optimizer reaches a lower Total Annual Cost (−3.5%) with respect to the commercial software optimization. Finally, the comparison with other entrainers proposed in literature for the advanced distillation of the water/acetic acid mixtures demonstrates the economical and operational appeal of this process configuration. 相似文献
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Damla Zeydanli Suleyman Akman Cekdar Vakifahmetoglu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2018,101(6):2258-2265
Polymer‐derived ceramic components (SiOC, sample W) were produced from preceramic polymer mixture and a catalyst. After curing and pyrolysis, some of the samples etched by hydrofluoric acid to obtain carbonaceous SiOC (C‐rich SiOC, sample W‐HF). W and W‐HF were tested as an adsorbent material to remove both heavy‐metal ions (Cr (III), Pb (III), and Cd (II)) and cationic dyes (Methylene Blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB), and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. HF‐treated high surface area SiOC samples had quite high adsorption affinity for cationic dyes. According the Langmuir isotherm model the maximum dye uptake values were found to be around to 50 mg/g for sample W, whereas those for sample W‐HF ranged from 104 to 186 mg/g. Regeneration studies were conducted both by heat treatment and leaching, high recovery yields (always above 97%) of MB adsorption were obtained. 相似文献
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Jason Scott Deyan Guang Kornrat Naeramitmarnsuk Mallika Thabuot Rose Amal 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2002,77(1):63-69
Fly ash samples from the Bayswater and Eraring power plants, located in New South Wales, Australia, were used in a preliminary study on zeolite synthesis by hydrothermal treatment with sodium hydroxide under various conditions. The treated fly ash was tested for the ability to remove lead ions from aqueous solution. Both fly ashes were partially converted to zeolite. The zeolites formed under the experimental conditions were zeolite Na‐P1 and sodalite octahydrate for the Bayswater ash and phillipsite, zeolite X, zeolite Na‐P1 and sodalite octahydrate for the Eraring ash. The type of zeolite formed was dependent on the treatment time and sodium hydroxide concentration. In the case of the Bayswater ash, zeolite Na‐P1 was formed by treatment with 4 mol dm?3 NaOH for 48 h while treatment with 5 mol dm?3 NaOH for 96 h produced sodalite octahydrate at the expense of zeolite Na‐P1. In the case of the Eraring ash, phillipsite was formed following treatment with 3 mol dm?3 NaOH, zeolite X and zeolite Na‐P1 were formed following treatment with 4 mol dm?3 NaOH and sodalite octahydrate was formed following treatment with 5 mol dm?3 NaOH. A maximum cation exchange capacity of ~400 meq/100 g was achieved by both treated ash samples. Treatment of a solution with a lead ion concentration of 120 ppm using 0.5 g of both treated ash samples (S/L ratio = 0.25 g/100 cm3) achieved complete removal in 5 min, whereas treatment with 0.1 g of each material (S/L ratio = 0.05 g/100 cm3) achieved complete lead ion removal after 24 h. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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考察了盐酸作吸收剂时用气态膜技术从水溶液中脱氨的可行性,鉴于盐酸的挥发性,着重考察了不同料液氨水浓度下气态膜过程可以稳定操作时所对应的吸收液中盐酸的临界浓度。在此基础上,研究了料液氨氮浓度、料液流速、吸收液流速、吸收液盐酸浓度和操作温度等操作参数对膜传质性能的影响,并考察了该工艺的长期操作稳定性。实验结果证明,气态膜脱氨过程可采用一定浓度的稀盐酸溶液作为吸收剂,并可通过向吸收液中不断添加浓盐酸的方式得到浓度为>15%的氯化铵溶液。在料液浓度为2000 mg/L、吸收液盐酸浓度为2%、操作温度为25 ℃的操作条件下,中空纤维膜组件持续稳定运行了650 h以上,总传质系数保持在4.25×10?6 m/s左右。用盐酸作吸收剂时废水中氨氮可脱至15 mg/L以下,符合国家环保标准。这表明采用盐酸作吸收液用气态膜法从废水中脱除回收富集氨氮是可行的。 相似文献
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活性和高熔点金属在硫酸中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
评述了活性金属(锆和钛)和高熔点金属(铌和钽)在一定温度和浓度硫酸中的耐蚀性。钛只适用于低浓度;铌适用于常压沸点以下的大部分浓度范围;钽适用于常压沸点及沸点以上的整个浓度范围;Ta40Nb合金几乎适用于所有浓度,但适用温度略低于钽而高于铌;锆适用于常压沸点及沸点以上的w(H2S04)70%硫酸。在选择适用于硫酸的最佳金属时,必须考虑操作条件,以及设备生命周期维修费用和停车费用。设计者亦必须充分考虑温度、浓度及杂质含量偏移的可能性,因为它们对金属的耐蚀性可能会有负面影响。据此建议采用活性或高熔点金属。 相似文献