反应熔渗法制备Ti3SiC2材料载流摩擦磨损性能研究

采用反应熔渗法制备Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料;利用HST-100销盘式高速载流摩擦试验机,在法向载荷为20 N,滑动速度为5～25 m/s,电流为15-35 A的条件下,研究高纯致密Ti3SiC2材料的载流摩擦磨损行为.结果表明:采用反应熔渗法能够制备出高纯致密的Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料;Ti3SiC2材料表现出良好的载流摩擦磨损特性;通过SEM和EDS观察分析表明,载流条件下Ti3SiC2材料的摩擦磨损主要由机械摩擦和电弧烧蚀的交互作用.     

浸酚醛树脂石墨/SiC密封材料摩擦学特性研究

采用UMT-3多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了3种国产典型浸酚醛树脂石墨与SiC陶瓷配对副在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦学特性,结果表明:干摩擦下,摩擦因数随载荷p与速度v的乘积(pv值)的增大呈下降趋势;pv值较小时,磨损机理主要为轻微黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,pv值较大时则变为严重黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损;相同条件下的磨损率...     

铝合金表面纳米Al2O3-40%TiO2复相陶瓷涂层力学与摩擦学性能

为提高铝合金零部件的耐磨性能,运用等离子喷涂技术在7005铝合金表面制备纳米Al2O3-40%TiO2(NAT40)复相陶瓷涂层,分析该涂层的微观结构,测试其主要力学性能,研究其在干摩擦和3.5%NaCl溶液中的摩擦行为与机制。结果表明:NAT40涂层的显微硬度为638.6 HV0.5,断裂韧度为13.3 MPa.m1/2,与基体的临界结合力达到80.35 N,均高于微米Al2O3-40%TiO2(MAT40)涂层。干摩擦时,随着载荷从3 N增大至12 N,NAT40涂层的摩擦因数从0.20上升至0.32,其磨损失重也从1.3 mg增大到2.2 mg;轻载3 N时,涂层以微观切削磨损为主,而在重载12 N条件下,磨损表面闪温计算值达到541.65℃,导致涂层的强度和硬度下降,磨损机理变为多次塑变磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。在3.5%NaCl溶液摩擦环境中,NAT40涂层在相同载荷条件下的摩擦因数较干摩擦时显著降低,但重载(12 N)时,其磨损失重却比干摩擦时增加22.7%;随着载荷的增加,涂层的磨损机理由疲劳磨损转变为应力腐蚀磨损。     

载流条件下黄铜/Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能

采用内氧化法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,以该复合材料为销试样,黄铜(H62)为盘试样进行载流条件下的干滑动摩擦磨损试验,并对销试样摩擦表面进行微观形貌分析.结果表明:磨损率随着电流、速度和载荷的增大而增加,摩擦因数随着电流的增大而增加,随着速度和载荷的增大而减小;电流较小时摩擦表面具有磨粒磨损和粘着磨损的共同特征,电流较大时以粘着磨损为主;在试验条件下,Al2O3/Cu复合材料的抗摩擦磨损性能显著优越于紫铜.     

干摩擦条件下WC-Ni/SiC摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能研究

在MMU-10屏显式材料端面摩擦磨损试验机上采用环-环接触摩擦方式,研究了WC-Ni硬质合金与SiC陶瓷材料异配对摩擦副在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并与WC-Ni/WC-Ni硬质合金自配对摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能进行对比.利用扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪对摩擦副的磨损表面进行了观察和分析.结果表明:在相同试验条件下,对比WC-Ni/WC-Ni硬质合金自配对摩擦副,WC-Ni/ SiC摩擦副的摩擦因数稍低点;WC-Ni/ SiC摩擦副的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,而WC-Ni/WC-Ni摩擦副磨损机制为粘着磨损兼氧化磨损;由于WC-Ni/WC-Ni摩擦副的磨损表面发生氧化反应和焊合效应,配对效果劣于WC-Ni/ SiC摩擦副.     

载荷对激光选区烧结Cf/SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过激光选区烧结技术和液相渗硅工艺制备了碳纤维增强碳化硅（Cf/SiC）复合材料。试样组织由C、SiC和Si三相组成,其密度和弯曲强度分别为2.89±0.01 g/cm3和237±9.8 MPa。采用UMT TriboLab多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了Cf/SiC复合材料在不同载荷(10 N, 30 N, 50 N和70 N)条件下的摩擦学特性。研究结果表明：载荷较小(10 N)时,Cf/SiC复合材料的磨损由微凸起和SiC硬质点造成,磨损机制为磨粒磨损;载荷为30 N时,复合材料的摩擦磨损综合性能最好,其平均摩擦因数为0.564,磨损率低(5.24×10-7 cm3/（N·m）),主要磨损机制为犁削形成的磨粒磨损和黏结磨损。载荷增大到70N时,材料磨损严重,磨粒脱落形成凹坑,产生裂纹,其磨损率(8.68×10-7 cm3/（N·m）)高,磨损机制主要为脆性剥落。     

SiC含量对注射成形SiC_p/Cu复合材料磨损性能的影响

采用粉末注射成形技术制备出了SiC_p/Cu复合材料,研究了SiC含量对其磨损率的影响,并对磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明:随着复合材料中SiC含量的增多,其磨损率减小;在SiC含量(体积分数)为3%和6%时,主要以粘着磨损为主,随SiC含量增多,粘着磨损减弱,磨粒磨损逐渐增强,在SiC含量为9%时,已转化为以磨粒磨损为主,在SiC含量为12%时,粘着磨损已不明显,基本为磨粒磨损,同时摩擦表面形成了一层较致密的机械混合层。     

变载荷下SiC多孔陶瓷的摩擦磨损性能研究

在改进后的MMS-2A微机控制摩擦磨损试验机上研究变载荷下SiC多孔陶瓷的摩擦磨损性能,通过变载荷和静载荷试验对比分析变载荷对摩擦因数的影响及变载荷下多孔陶瓷的磨损机制。结果表明,变载荷下随着载荷增大SiC多孔陶瓷摩擦因数减小,SiC多孔陶瓷的磨损机制为脆性断裂和磨粒磨损。建立多孔陶瓷和45#钢的环-块摩擦副几何模型,运用有限元分析软件ANASYS Workbench仿真分析变载荷对接触应力的影响。结果表明,SiC多孔陶瓷的接触应力分布不均匀,并且接触应力呈现环-块接触的垂直轴线区域大、两侧小的状态,其中最大接触应力出现在与块接触区域,环和块的最大接触应力位置错开一定的距离。     

纤维方向对C/SiC复合材料摩擦学特性的影响

以不同纤维方向C/SiC复合材料分别与氧化铝增韧的氧化锆陶瓷(Al_2O_3-ZrO_2)及调质处理的45~#钢组成摩擦副进行销-盘摩擦实验,研究对摩副材料及纤维方向对摩擦副摩擦磨损性能及磨损机制的影响。结果表明,C/SiC复合材料与Al_2O_3-ZrO_2和45~#钢摩擦时,其垂直纤维叠层方向的摩擦磨损性能均优于平行纤维叠层方向,且垂直纤维叠层方向C/SiC复合材料与Al_2O_3-ZrO_2摩擦副具有最小的摩擦因数和磨损率,摩擦过程更稳定;纤维C/SiC复合材料与Al_2O_3-ZrO_2陶瓷和45~#钢摩擦副的磨损形式主要均为磨粒磨损,与45~#钢摩擦时还伴随着化学磨损。     

高水基液压阀陶瓷摩擦副摩擦学性能研究

为选择适合的高水基乳化液液压阀摩擦副材料,探讨ZrO2与不同结构陶瓷组成的摩擦副在高水基乳化液润滑状态下的摩擦磨损特性。采用摩擦磨损试验机,在不同载荷和滑动速度下,研究在高水基乳化液介质中4种不同陶瓷材料（ZrO2、Al2O3、Si3N4和SiC）分别与ZrO2配副的摩擦学性能,并探讨不同组合陶瓷摩擦副的磨损机制。结果表明：在高水基乳化液中,各陶瓷的摩擦因数均随着滑动速度的增大而降低,其中Al2O3陶瓷的摩擦因数最小;ZrO2、Al2O3和Si3N4陶瓷的摩擦因数受载荷的影响较小,SiC陶瓷的摩擦因数则随着载荷的增大而骤增;各陶瓷的磨损体积都随着速度和载荷的增大而增大,其中Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷摩擦副的磨损体积最小,其磨损机制以磨粒磨损和微疲劳磨损为主。研究表明,在不同工况下,Al2O3与ZrO2陶瓷配副的摩擦因数和磨损体积均为最低值,更适合作为高水基乳化液液压阀的摩擦副材料。     

Modeling and microstructural modification of alumina ceramic for improved tribological properties

Very simplified models were deduced for identifying important factors influencing friction and wear of ceramics in unlubricated sliding contact. Based on the theoretical predictions, laser surface alloying was used for modifying alumina ceramic by adding hafnia. Tribological tests were run on the modified ceramic, monolithic alumina and two different cutting ceramics on the base of alumina under conditions of unlubricated reciprocating sliding motion against Al₂O₃ balls. The friction coefficient and linear wear of the sliding pairs were substantially reduced and the transition from mild to severe wear shifted to higher applied surface pressure for the microstructurally modified ceramic compared with the monolithic alumina or the cutting ceramics, respectively.     

Friction Reduction and Wear Resistance Enhancement of SiC and Si3N4 Ceramics under Dry Conditions

In this study, an effort was made to control the friction and wear behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics using an ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technique. The friction and wear behavior of the ceramic specimens was investigated using a ball-on-disk tribotester under dry conditions against two different Si₃N₄ and bearing steel (SUJ2) balls. The experimental test results revealed the possibility of controlling the friction and wear behavior of ceramics, where the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the specimens were improved by the UNSM technique. The hardness of the specimens also increased after UNSM treatment, but it decreased abruptly with increasing depth from the very top surface. Microscratch tests showed that the critical load of the specimens was improved by the UNSM technique. In addition, Raman spectra results revealed that no additional phase was detected after UNSM treatment, but the intensity decreased after UNSM treatment. Hence, the UNSM technique ensures stronger ceramics and enables better friction and wear behavior than available conventional sintered ceramics.     

Friction and wear of self-mated SiC and Si3N4 sliding in water

The friction and wear of self-mated SiC and Si₃N₄ with different initial roughness sliding in water were investigated with pin-on-disk apparatus at normal load of 5 N and sliding speed of 120 mm/s in ambient condition. It was found that, for self-mated Si₃N₄, the wear mechanism for surface smoothening to obtain low friction was tribochemical wear, but for self-mated SiC, it changed from mechanical wear into tribochemical wear with increasing sliding cycles. After running-in in water, self-mated Si₃N₄ exhibited lower steady-state friction coefficient than self-mated SiC did. For these two ceramics, initial and steady-state friction coefficients were hardly dependent on initial roughness. Initial roughness mainly affected the running-in period. The larger the initial roughness, the longer the running-in period, but the running-in period was much shorter for self-mated Si₃N₄ at each initial roughness than that for self-mated SiC.     

Dry friction and wear of toughened zirconias and toughened aluminas against steel

The unlubricated friction and wear behavior of toughened zirconias and toughened aluminas against hardened steel was studied using the Falex ring-and-block technique. Three experimental ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ ceramics, two commercial ZrO₂-MgO ceramics and two commercial Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ ceramics were investigated. Each ceramic was tested at 500 rev min⁻¹ (92 cm s⁻¹) and 2000 rev min⁻¹ (367 cm s⁻¹) at normal loads in the range 2.3–40.8 kgf. The materials characteristics of the ceramics before test, the features of the tested samples, and the friction and wear data are presented and related. Under mild wear conditions, all the ceramics exhibited low wear, with the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ samples having the lowest. The wear of the toughened zirconias exhibited a strong sensitivity to sliding speed, while the toughened aluminas did not. Also, the lower toughness ceramics were susceptible to macroscale structural damage (cracking and chipping) even when the overall wear was low. Micro structural examination of a tested friction pair (ring, ceramic block and wear debris) has shown that the wear process is very complex, encompassing many mechanisms which are described. A generalized wear equation relating wear to load, sliding speed and sliding time is proposed.     

Wear properties of Saffil/Al,Saffil/Al2O3/Al and Saffil/SiC/Al hybrid metal matrix composites

The purpose of this study is to investigate the wear properties of Saffil/Al, Saffil/Al₂O₃/Al and Saffil/SiC/Al hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated by squeeze casting method. Wear tests were done on a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester under both dry and lubricated conditions. The wear properties of the three composites were evaluated in many respects. The effects of Saffil fibers, Al₂O₃ particles and SiC particles on the wear behavior of the composites were elucidated. Wear mechanisms were analyzed by observing the worn surfaces of the composites. The variation of coefficient of friction (COF) during the wear process was recorded by using a computer. Under dry sliding condition, Saffil/SiC/Al showed the best wear resistance under high temperature and high load, while the wear resistances of Saffil/Al and Saffil/Al₂O₃/Al were very similar. Under dry sliding condition, the dominant wear mechanism was abrasive wear under mild load and room temperature, and the dominant wear mechanism changed to adhesive wear as load or temperature increased. Molten wear occurred at high temperature. Compared with the dry sliding condition, all three composites showed excellent wear resistance when lubricated by liquid paraffin. Under lubricated condition, Saffil/Al showed the best wear resistance among them, and its COF value was the smallest. The dominant wear mechanism of the composites under lubricated condition was microploughing, but microcracking also occurred to them to different extents.     

On the Tribological Behaviour of SiC and Alumina Mated Against Different Steels Under Dry Sliding Conditions

There have been several studies regarding the tribological behaviour of ceramics such as SiC and alumina mated against steels or self-mated. Nevertheless, only little is known about possible tribochemical reactions when ceramics are mated against steels. In the present study, ceramic pins made of SiC (EKasicF) or alumina (F99.7) respectively were tested under dry sliding conditions against different steel disc counter bodies using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The different ceramics showed significant differences in their tribological behaviour, i.e., coefficient of friction and wear amount. Especially, the SiC couples showed significant differences in the wear amounts while these were quite similar for the alumina couples. The wear behaviour of the SiC couples is discussed in more detail. A correlation between chromium content of the steel discs was found for the SiC couples. The surfaces of selected specimens were analysed by Auger-Electron-Spectroscopy (AES). Wear for the SiC couples was mainly attributed to tribochemical reactions as far as the steel disc was containing the alloying element chromium in considerable amount. Furthermore, a simple wear schematic is proposed.     

热力耦合条件下的SiC/Fe/SiC接头残余应力分析

陶瓷和金属的连接是陶瓷获得广泛应用所需解决的问题之一,陶瓷-金属连接中残余应力计算、测量、缓解是陶瓷在应用中必须解决的关键问题。对陶瓷与金属连接的应力分析计算时,考虑连接温度对应力的影响会使计算结果更接近实际。本文采用有限元方法对SiC/Fe/SiC高温钎焊连接件进行了三维温度场分布的有限元计算分析,并在此基础上计算了该连接件在热力耦合条件下的残余热应力分布情况。计算结果表明,在陶瓷与金属连接中连接处的外表面是应力和热量最为集中的地方,也就是连接件最易出现裂纹的地方。此外,在模型的边界、棱角处由于其曲率半径的影响,也是温度和应力集中点。平面与曲面相比,曲面的残余应力分布均匀,且数值高。