NR/有机蒙脱土/GMA纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用胶乳接枝插层法制备NR／有机蒙脱土／甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)纳米复合材料，并对其性能进行研究。结果表明，在NR胶乳与有机蒙脱土体系中加入GMA，并使之原位聚合，同时实现对NR的接枝和对有机蒙脱土的插层并与有机蒙脱土层间的基团产生化学结合，可以制备NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料；采用胶乳接枝插层法制备的NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料的物理性能和耐热氧老化性能优异，动态力学性能良好，热稳定性与NR胶料相差不大。     

聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

对钠基蒙脱土进行有机化处理,XRD表明有机阳离子已同钠离子发生离子交换。熔融法制备聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土插层复合材料,用X－射线衍射研究复合材料的结构,聚氯乙烯不能插层于钠基蒙脱土,但能插层于有机蒙脱土,形成剥离型纳米复合材料。采用DSC研究了聚氯乙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料的玻璃化转变温度,研究结果表明,聚氯乙烯／有机蒙脱土比聚 乙烯／钠基蒙脱土复合材料的力学性能优异。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备研究

本文以聚丙烯和有机蒙脱土为原料，采用插层复合法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，用透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行表征，测定了复合材料的力学性能，结果表明，用马来酸酐化聚丙烯作界面相容剂，聚丙烯大分子链分子插层进入到有机改性蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层中间，并且聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高。     

SBS/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其性能Ⅱ.复合材料的性能

分别采用大分子溶液插层法和大分子熔融插层法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（SBS）／蒙脱土纳米复合材料．研究了材料的力学性能。纳米结构的形成对复合材料的性能产生显著影响,少量蒙脱士的引入可以明显改善SBS／蒙脱土复合材料的力学性能。无论溶液插层法制备的星型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,还是熔融插层法制备的线型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都同时增加。其中,溶液插层法制备的纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了75％和55％;熔融法制备的纳米复合材料的托伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了70％和18％。     

双转子连续混炼机制备插层型聚乙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

借助双转子连续混炼机,通过直接熔融插层法制备了聚乙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并用XRD测试了有机蒙脱土的层间距。分析了不同转子转速和喂料速率对聚乙烯有机蒙脱土复合材料层间距及其力学性能的影响。结果表明,选择适当的操作工艺以获得合适的剪切强度对于制备插层型聚乙烯有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料极为重要,当转子转速为400r/min,喂料速率为1.35kg/h时,制得的聚乙烯/有机蒙脱土复合材料层间距最大,插层效果最佳,有机蒙脱土的增强与增韧效果最好。     

有机插层剂对聚酰胺6／MMT纳米复合材料制备的影响研究

以烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土片层进行阳离子交换，制备出层间距不同的有机蒙脱土。采用熔融插层法和原位聚合法分别制备聚酰胺（R％）／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料，并利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM对有机蒙脱土及纳米复合材料进行结构表征。研究结果表明：用烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸有机插层剂改性的蒙脱土层间距由原来的1．25nm分别增大到3．21nm、3．99nm和1．82m；季铵盐有机插层剂更适用于熔融插层法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料，而氨基酸有机插层剂更适用于原位聚合法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料。     

熔体插层制备硅橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能研究

通过熔体插层成功制备了硅橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，通过XRD和SEM分析可知，在所选择的两步工艺务件下。蒙脱土被硅橡胶分子链插层剥离。获得剥离型的纳米复合材料。同时，测试了其力学性能和耐热性能。所得到的复合物的性能较纯硅橡胶有很大的提高，且与气相法白炭黑填充体系的性能相当。并且研究了硅烷偶联剂对填料-硅橡胶之间的增强作用。     

专利专栏

专利名称:聚氨酯弹性体／蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其制备方法专利申请号:02129016.4公开号:1398921申请人:中国科学院长春应用化学研究所本发明属于聚氨酯弹性体／蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其制备方法。这类聚氨酯弹性体／蒙脱土纳米复合材料由聚氨酯弹性体、增容剂、有机化蒙脱土和功能性防老剂组成。其制备方法是将蒙脱土经过阳离子交换反应后,再与增容剂进行熔融插层,并借助增容剂增容聚氨酯弹性体和有机化蒙脱土。本发明的纳米复合材料不仅具有蒙脱土均匀分散在聚合物基质中的结构,而且力学性能相对于纯聚氨酯弹性体有明显提高。     

PA6/蒙脱土熔融插层复合材料结构与性能分析

通过熔融共混法插层复合制备了聚酰胺(PN)6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，测试了力学性能并对不同蒙脱土含量的PA 6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行了对比。实验表明，通过熔融插层可使PN 6基体插层于蒙脱土中，所得到的复合材料的性能较PN 6有很大提高。蒙脱土特殊的层状结构使得利用熔融共混在机械力的作用下插层到纳米级复合材料成为可能。     

三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料Ⅲ.制备、表征及有机插层剂的选择

以长链烷基季铵盐、带有羟基或苄基的有机季铵盐为插层剂,对钠基蒙脱土进行改性后得到了有机蒙脱土。在100份(质量,下同)EPDM中加入15份有机蒙脱土或40份高耐磨炭黑制备了二者的纳米复合材料。X射线衍射和透射电镜分析表明,由带有羟基插层剂改性的钠基蒙脱土制备的纳米复合材料为剥离型,而其他2种为插层型。有机蒙脱土填充的纳米复合材料的力学性能与高耐磨炭黑填充者相当。与EPDM相比,剥离型纳米复合材料的拉伸强度提高了3．4倍,透气率降低了近40％。     

Effect of intercalation agent on the structure and properties of OMMT and RTV/OMMT composites

Novel room‐temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) composites have been prepared. Di(2‐oxyethyl)‐12 alkane‐3 methyl‐amine chloride and hydrogen silicone oil were used as intercalation agents to treat Na⁺‐montmorillonite and form two kinds of OMMTs. The structure and properties of OMMT were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The intercalation mechanism of different types of intercalation agents was proposed. RTV/OMMT composites were prepared using these OMMTs. Properties such as viscosity, hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal stability were researched and compared. A combination of swelling test, XRD and transmission electronic microscopy studies was used to characterize the structure and reinforcing mechanism of these OMMTs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

MP/OMMT对脱醇型RTV阻燃硅橡胶性能的影响

以α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(107硅橡胶)、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MP)和纳米有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为原料,制备了脱醇型室温硫化(RTV)阻燃硅橡胶。研究了MP/OMMT配比对脱醇型RTV硅橡胶阻燃性能、动态燃烧性能和机械性能、热稳定性的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM)考察了MP、OMMT在RTV硅橡胶中的分散情况。锥形量热仪和极限氧指数测试结果表明,随着OMMT用量的增多和MP用量的减少,硅橡胶的阻燃性能没有显著的变化;热失重分析表明,OMMT的添加使硅橡胶的初始分解温度明显提高,大大提高了硅橡胶燃烧残渣的生成量;机械性能测试表明,OMMT的增多能明显提高硅橡胶的机械性能。与只添加MP的硅橡胶相比,当MP和OMMT各添加20份时,硅橡胶的极限氧指数下降0.6%,初始分解温度提高了95℃,拉伸强度、硬度、撕裂强度分别提高48.6%、4.7%、50.9%;此时的SEM分析表明,OMMT能在硅橡胶中均匀分散,且燃烧残渣表面变得平整、坚硬、致密。即在此配比下硅橡胶能在保持良好阻燃性的同时提高其机械性能。     

Preparation,microstructure, and property of silicon rubber/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposites and silicon rubber/OMMT/fumed silica ternary nanocomposites

Five different types of organically modified montmorillonites (OMMT), including Nanomor® I.30P, I.44P, I.24TL, I.34TCN, and I.31PS, were incorporated into silicone rubber (SiR), respectively, by using a melt‐blending method. The intercalation structure and spatial dispersion of OMMT in the obtained composites were characterized with wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the high‐polar organic intercalants or silane‐coupling agent might play the negative roles in the melt intercalation of SiR into OMMT, and the higher the initial interlayer spacing of the OMMT, the easier the intercalation. The intercalated structure in the SiR/I.44P OMMT nanocomposite has the largest interlayer spacing, and the spatial dispersion of OMMT is also the best. When OMMT loading is low (i.e., less than 10 phr), the dispersion of OMMT is poor. The dispersion of OMMT improves with increasing OMMT dosage, when the loading does not exceed 30 phr. The gas barrier property and the mechanical properties of the SiR are obviously improved by the incorporation of OMMT. The nitrogen gas permeability coefficient of the SiR nanocomposite containing 30 phr OMMT (I.44P) is lower than that of net SiR by 31%. To further improve the dispersion of OMMT in SiR, 20 phr fumed silica (FS) was added to the compound before mixing OMMT for increasing viscosity of the compound and mechanical shearing force during compounding OMMT. The resultant SiR/OMMT/FS ternary nanocomposites exhibit improved dispersion of OMMT and better gas barrier property than the binary counterparts. POLYM. COMPOS., © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

A novel reinforcing filler: application to addition-type liquid silicone rubber adhesive system

A novel addition-type liquid silicone rubber (AL-SR) adhesive has been prepared by incorporation of organic montmorillonite (OMMT). Physico-mechanical properties, such as adhesion, tensile strength and thermal stability, were investigated and compared to aerosilica (also known as pyrogenic silica) filled systems. Results showed that the properties of AL-SR containing 1 phr OMMT were nearly equal to that of the AL-SR containing 3 phr aerosilica, due to exfoliation of OMMT in the system. The structure of the AL-SR/OMMT adhesives was analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that OMMT layers in the AL-SR adhesives were in the nanometer scale and the molecular structure of AL-SR was disturbed by the presence of OMMT, which was due to the reaction between the monomers and the intercalation agent. The nano-reinforcing effect caused by the exfoliated silicate layers may reduce the amount and size of voids during tensile drawing, and thus increase the length of the crack path in their vicinity, which is regarded as the adhesion mechanism for the OMMT-reinforced AL-SR systems.     

Preparation of an organomontmorillonite master batch and its application to high‐temperature‐vulcanized silicone‐rubber systems

N,N‐Di(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐N‐dodecyl‐N‐methyl ammonium chloride was used as an intercalation agent to treat Na⁺‐montmorillonite and form a novel type of organic montmorillonite (OMMT). An OMMT master batch (OMMT‐MB) was prepared by solution intercalation and was used in the preparation of high‐temperature‐vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV‐SR)/OMMT‐MB nanocomposites. The properties, such as the tensile and thermal stability, were researched and compared with those of composites directly incorporated with OMMT or aerosilica. A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that HTV‐SR/OMMT‐MB composites were on the nanometer scale, and their structure was somewhat hindered by the presence of OMMT. The results showed that the tensile properties of HTV‐SR/OMMT‐MB and HTV‐SR/OMMT systems were better than those of pure HTV‐SR. Compared with those of HTV‐SR/OMMT‐20%, the tensile strength and elongation at break of HTV‐SR/OMMT‐MB‐20% were improved about 1.5 and 0.9 times, respectively. This was probably due to the nanoeffect of the exfoliated silicate layers. Moreover, the tensile strength of HTV‐SR/OMMT‐MB‐20% was nearly equal to that of HTV‐SR/aerosilica‐20%, and the elongation at break even showed much improvement. Additionally, the thermal degradation center temperature of the HTV‐SR/OMMT‐MB‐20% nanocomposite was increased by 30°C compared with that of the HTV‐SR/OMMT‐20% composite. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

硅橡胶/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能研究

用熔体插层法制备甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ)/有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料并研究其微观结构和性能。结果表明:OMMT改性剂疏水性从优到劣的顺序为I.44P,I.30P,Bengel434,I.44P和I.30P在MVQ中的分散性优于Bengel434;MVQ/OMMT纳米复合材料的物理性能和热稳定性从优到劣的顺序为MVQ/I.44P,MVQ/I.30P,MVQ/Bengel434纳米复合材料;添加40份I.44P的MVQ/I.44P纳米复合材料的100%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度比纯胶有较大提高。     

Intercalation process and rubber–filler interactions of polybutadiene rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

The intercalation process and microstructural development of polybutadiene rubber (BR)/clay nanocomposites cured with sulfur were systematically investigated with respect to the organic modifier (primary and quaternary ammonium compounds) of the clay. X‐ray diffraction spectra were recorded at various stages of processing to obtain information about the intercalation process. The rubber–filler interactions was examined on the basis of the surface free energy, stress‐softening effect, and crystallization behavior. A well‐ordered intercalated structure was obtained in the primary ammonium modified clay (P‐OMMT) and quaternary ammonium modified clay (Q‐OMMT) filled with BR composite. The BR/Q‐OMMT composites showed higher mechanical properties and higher hysteresis under tension and lower crystallization abilities than the BR/P‐OMMT composites. The results also show that higher interfacial interactions existed between Q‐OMMT and BR than between P‐OMMT and BR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

ALSR/OMMT纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用原位聚合法制备加成型液体硅橡胶（ALSR）／有机蒙脱士（OMMT）纳米复合材料，并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明，经改性的OMMT的层间距是钠基蒙脱士（Na-MMT）的1．4～3．6倍；OMMT质量分数为0．01时，ALSR／OMMT纳米复合材料的物理性能和热稳定性较好，OMMT的剥离程度较大，基本以纳米尺度的剥离片层分散在ALSR基体中。     

防火硅橡胶胶料的研究

以有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)、硼酸锌(ZnB)、硅酸铝纤维(AF)和气相法二氧化钛(TiO₂)组成阻燃防火体系,采用正交设计方法,考察了阻燃防火体系对硅橡胶(SR)的氧指数、最高背面温度、密度等的影响。结果表明：阻燃防火体系中各组分之间具有很好的协同效应,当SR/OMMT/ZnB/AF/TiO₂ = 100:5:30:20:10时,防火硅橡胶具有良好的综合性能。     

OMMT与MPP协效阻燃对硅橡胶性能影响

以三聚氰胺磷酸盐（MPP）、有机蒙脱土（OMMT）为协效阻燃剂制备阻燃硅橡胶。通过x射线衍射（XRD）法、垂直燃烧法、热重法（TG）等研究阻燃硅橡胶分散性、燃烧性能和拉伸性能。结果表明,OMMT与MPP具有明显协同阻燃性;当OMMT用量为3质量份、MPP用量为55质量份时,复合材料有焰燃烧时间最短,阻燃效果最好;OMMT用量为3-5质量份时,复合体系的垂直燃烧性能均可达到FV-0级,残碳率最高,且力学性能较好。