电化学传感器用于菌体数实时检测方法的研究

基于微生物在新陈代谢过程中的电化学机理特征,提出一种实时检测菌体数的电化学方法;设计了生物电化学传感器和实时检测的电子装置,实验验证了该检测方法的可行性;与传统检测方法相比,具有快速、简便、实时检测等优点,对同一种试样的细菌含量的测定仅需要10 m in,而传统方法(标准平板培育法)至少需要24 h。     

水环境中重金属六价铬电化学检测方法研究进展

目前我国水环境重金属污染问题严重,其中水环境重金属六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]污染日显突出,对人类健康和环境安全造成了严重威胁.近年来,Cr(Ⅵ)电化学检测方法发展较快,因其具有检测灵敏度高、检测时间短、表征信息丰富、仪器小型便携化的优点,为水环境Cr(Ⅵ)的现场、快速、实时、在线和连续测量等新测量要求提供了技术和条件.从电化学定量分析方法和电极修饰材料两个方面,对国内外水环境中重金属Cr(Ⅵ)电化学检测方法研究进展进行了综述,指出该方法在实际应用中面临的主要问题,并提出了未来的发展方向.     

电化学传感器在水质重金属检测中的应用

中国工业快速发展伴随而来的水质重金属污染问题正日益影响着人们的正常生活,寻求快速准确的水质重金属检测方法是十分迫切的.众多水质检测传感器中,电化学传感器具有检测灵敏、操作简单、成本低、便携等优势,在水质重金属检测领域占据了十分重要地位,拥有广阔的前景.本文重点介绍了用于水质重金属检测的几种电化学传感器,包括它们的构造、分类及其检测原理.并对应用于水质重金属检测的电流型电化学传感器和电位型电化学传感器进行了详细说明,介绍了阳极溶出伏安法和离子选择性电极法在内的几种电化学分析方法,以及近年来相关研究的现状.     

电化学检测技术的发展现状

本文对近年来电化学检测技术（ＥＣＤ）在各方面的应用进行了评述，探讨了电化学检测技术的优缺点及其发展前景。     

电化学发光免疫传感器检测相思子毒素研究

以磁性微球固定相思子毒素多抗制备捕获探针,以三联吡啶钌标记相思子毒素单抗作为发光探针,两者与相思子毒素发生特异性免疫反应形成夹心复合物,成功建立了相思子毒素的电化学发光免疫传感检测方法。利用此方法检测相思子毒素,浓度在0.1～1000μg/L范围内与电化学发光强度呈良好的对数线性关系,拟合方程为lg Y=0.763 lg X+0.562(R=0.9903,N=7,P<0.0001),检出限为0.1μg/L。     

全自动电化学发光分析仪一次故障快速检测方法研究

全自动电化学发光分析仪常规的故障快速检测方法只适用于单轨道故障检测,而无法适应数据计算效率更强的多轨道故障检测,为提高故障数据检测效率,研究全自动电化学发光分析仪一次故障快速检测方法.建立故障数据特征提取模式,利用该模式分别提取两个轨道的特征值,经过归一化处理构建故障节点多轨道检测判别模型,设计一次故障快速检测分类决策...     

原子氢渗透速率检测电化学传感器的研究

设计并研制了一种外置式的电化学原子氢渗透速率传感器。以此作为检测仪的信号元件，以８０Ｃ３１单片机作为检测仪的中央处理器，研制了具有数据采集、存储处理及打印显示功能的原子氢渗透速率检测仪。在含Ｈ２Ｓ的５％ＮａＣｌ介质中和其它酸性介质中，测量了氢在ＵＮＳ Ｇ１１１８０或ＵＮＳ Ｇ１０１９０钢板中的扩散行为，验证了传感器的可行性。     

扫描电化学显微镜检测电路的研制

采用恒电位仪和仪用放大器设计了一个微电流检测电路,可以有效地将微电流放大输出为模数转换器能够识别的电压信号。该电路性能稳定,非线性误差为±2.4%,也可以应用于其他微电流检测领域。     

基于MSP430单片机的电化学传感检测系统设计

介绍了一种基于单片机的小型电化学传感检测系统,详述了检测系统的整体设计框架和各模块设计.检测系统内部设计有绝对值电路和峰值电流检测电路,大大提高了检测系统的性能.通过对葡萄糖传感器和乳酸传感器进行实验,结果表明:检测系统性能可靠,操作简单,与传统电化学工作站有很好的线性相关性.     

电化学/生物传感器快速检测大肠杆菌的研究进展

大肠杆菌广泛分布于自然界中,通常被用来作为水体系统排泄物污染情况的指示菌.它是大面积食物中毒的主要原因之一,严重感染者会引发败血症、肾功能衰竭等危及生命的并发症.电化学/生物传感器具有独特的优势,如能在浑浊溶液中操作、选择性好、灵敏度高、检测速度快等,因此在临床检测、环境保护和食品安全等领域得到了广泛应用.该文主要对电化学,生物传感器快速检测大肠杆菌的研究进展进行了简要的综述.     

miRNA检测技术进展

miRNA做为一种非常重要的非编码蛋白的RNA.广泛存在于植物、病毒、哺乳动物当中.因其在细胞增殖、细胞死亡、肿瘤发生和哺乳动物细胞生长中重要的调节功能,其检测技术也受到越来越多的关注,很多关键的检测技术,比如印迹技术,阵列杂交技术,反转录PCR技术等等都在miRNA的检测中发挥了巨大的实用价值.该文基于此对miRNA近几年的检测技术进行了具体的综述.     

Label-free electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of kanamycin

A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of kanamycin based on water-soluble graphene sheet (WGS)/prussian blue-chitosan (PB-CTS)/nanoporous gold (NPG) composited film has been reported. PB was selected as an electron transfer mediator, and was modified onto the electrode together with WGS through electrostatic adsorption. Then NPG was immobilized onto the as-prepared film for biomolecules anchoring. The electroactivity of PB was greatly enhanced in the presence of WGS and NPG. It could mainly be ascribed to the fact that the good conductivity of WGS and NPG promoted electron transfer and enhanced the sensitivity. kanamycin antibody, as a model, was immobilized onto the composite film for the detection of kanamycin. Under optimum conditions, the amperometric signal of PB decreased linearly with kanamycin concentration (0.02-14 ng mL⁻¹), a linear calibration plot (y = 1.3817 + 4.7544x, r = 0.9993), resulting in a low limit of detection (6.31 pg mL⁻¹). The novel immunosensor for the detection of kanamycin in real sample with satisfactory results has been proved. In addition, this method would be easily adapted for the detection of other residual antibiotics in animal derived foods.     

Biomolecular and electrochemical charge detection by a micromechanical electrometer

A micromechanical electrometer is applied to the label-free detection of biomolecular interactions and electrochemical charge sensing. The primary element of the electrometer is a micromechanical variable capacitor to modulate and convert a dc charge to an ac voltage output, thereby limiting the effects of low frequency noise on charge detection. At room temperature and ambient pressure the noise-limited charge resolution of a micromechanical electrometer based on this principle is found to be , enabling the potential detection of charged single molecule binding on electrode surfaces. The detection principle is validated by several experiments. Biomolecular binding experiments are conducted on an external gold electrode situated within a custom-designed flow cell and electrically connected to the micromachined electrometer. The concepts are validated by demonstrating the detection of biotin–streptavidin binding and DNA hybridization. Furthermore, it is shown that the electrometer can be applied for the detection of the redox system ferrocyanide/ferricyanide to describe Nernstian behaviour due to well defined charge transfer on the electrode surface at different concentration ratios as expected.     

Two-dimensional molecular imprinting approach for the electrochemical detection of trinitrotoluene

In this work, we demonstrated a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensing protocol for the detection of TNT prepared from alkanethiols self-assembled on AuNPs modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode with preadsorbed templates of TNT. It demonstrated that the 2D molecular imprinting monolayers (MIMs) can provide a better site accessibility and lower mass-transfer resistance, while the AuNPs can enhance electrode conductivity, facilitate the electron transfer and increase the amount of TNT-imprinted sites. The prepared sensor showed not only high selectivity toward TNT in comparison to other similar nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), but also a wide linear range over TNT concentration from 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 3.2 × 10⁻⁶ M with a detection limit of 1.3 × 10⁻⁸ M (S/N = 3). Moreover, the imprinted sensor has been applied to the determination of TNT in spiked environmental water samples and shows promise for fast and sensitive measurement of trace levels of TNT in real samples.     

石墨烯复合修饰电极的电化学应用

石墨烯作为一种二维结构的新型材料,其优异性能得到了人们的广泛关注.该文分析了石墨烯和功能化石墨烯的优异性质,总结了石墨烯作为新型传感材料的应用优势,并介绍了石墨烯对于酶电极的电子传导促进和检测优化以及石墨烯与其它有机物修饰后的复合电极对各种生物小分子的检测分析.同时对各种基于石墨烯材料的电化学传感器进行了简单介绍.展望了石墨烯修饰电极在生物检测与环境监测等方面的电化学应用前景.     

实时动态检测呼出气体的固态电化学传感器

基于实时动态检测O2和CO2的暂态电化学原理和新型高分子固体聚合物电解质－“聚丙烯腈（PAN）／聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）－二甲亚砜（DMSO）一高氯酸四乙基铵（TEAP）”的研究，使用微电极并融合计算机控制的快速电势调制技术和数据采集，处理功能，提出并构建了一类全新的集信号提取，处理与显示等处理于一体的固态化学传感器，实现了常温下呼出气体O2和CO2的实时动态检测，不仅消除了常规电化学传感器中电解液渗漏或干涸对器件性能的影响，而且具有体积小，结构紧凑，使用方便等优点。     

A nano-copper electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of chemical oxygen demand

Copper nanoparticle (nano-Cu) was electrodeposited on the surface of Cu disk electrode under −1 V for 60 s, and then used to construct an electrochemical sensor for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The electrochemical oxidation behavior of glycine, a standard compound for evaluating the COD, was investigated. The potential shifts negatively, and the current increases greatly at the surface of nano-Cu, indicating remarkable enhancement effect on the detection of COD. The analytical conditions such as electrolyte, deposition potential, deposition time and detected potential were studied. As a result, a sensitive, simple and rapid electroanalytical method was developed for COD using amperometric detection. The linear range is from 4.8 to 600 mg L⁻¹, and the limit of detection is as low as 3.6 mg L⁻¹. Moreover, this method exhibits high tolerance level to chloride ion, and 0.02 M chloride ion has no influence. Finally, the sensor was used to detect the COD values of different water samples, and the results were testified by the standard dichromate method.     

基于纳米MnO2的免标记型的电化学适体传感器用于腺苷的测定

以纳米MnO2作为适体固定的构建平台,制备了一种用于腺苷灵敏测定的电化学交流阻抗型生物传感器.[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-作为氧化还原探针监测传感器表面电子传递电阻的变化,表面电子传递电阻的变化值与腺苷的浓度在1.0×10-9～1.0×10-7mol/L范围内有很好的线性关系,最低检测限为8.0×10-10 mol/L.传感器显示出高的灵敏度、好的选择性和稳定性.     

基于核酸识体的电化学免疫传感器用于血小板源性生长因子的检测

该文提出了一种新颖的、高灵敏度的基于核酸识体和银沉积的电化学免疫传感器用于人体血小板源生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)的检测.首先在电极的表面固定抗体,然后与抗原、生物素标记的核酸识体形成免疫夹心复合物,再利用生物素和亲合素的特异性反应把亲合素标记的碱性磷酸酶固定到电极上,然后把得到的产物在底物溶液中进行银沉积,最后利用电化学方法对沉积到电极表面的银进行检测以达到检测PDGF-BB的目的.实验对固定抗体浓度和生物素标记核酸识体的浓度两个条件进行了优化.实验结果表明PDGF-BB的浓度在1～1000 ng/mL的范围具有良好的线性关系,最低检测下限可达0.8 ng/mL.该方法具有高灵敏度和稳定性,在临床上具有广阔的应用前景.