Differential space-time modulation over frequency-selective channels

We present herein a new differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) modulation scheme for systems that are equipped with an arbitrary number of transmit antennas and operate in frequency-selective channels. The proposed DSTF modulator consists of a concatenating spectral encoder and differential encoder that offer full spatio-spectral diversity and significant coding gain. A unitary structure is imposed on the differential encoder to admit linear, decoupled maximum likelihood (ML) detection in space and time. Optimum criteria based on pairwise error probability analysis are developed for spectral encoder design. We introduce a class of spectral codes, namely, linear constellation decimation (LCD) codes, which are nonbinary block codes obtained by decimating a phase-shift-keying (PSK) constellation with a group of decimation factors that are co-prime with the constellation size. Since LCD codes encode across a minimally necessary set of subchannels for full diversity, they incur modest decoding complexity among all full-diversity codes. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed DSTF modulation and coding scheme, which compares favorably with several existing differential space-time schemes in frequency-selective channels.     

一种自适应调制方案

阐述一种星座图可调的自适应调制方案，并在Beyond ITM-2000的相关参数下进行了性能仿真。该方案能克服移动无线信道时变衰落特性对传输性能的影响，在信道的传输质量满足一定误码率要求的前提下，根据无线信道衰落情况，使调制方式在四相移相键控调制（Quaternary Phase Shift Keying，QPSK）、正交幅度调制（Quadrature Amplitude Modulation，QAM）包括8QAM，16QAM，32QAM，64QAM，128QAM，256QAM之间自如切换。仿真结果表明，该系统方案可以有效地适应无线信道的时变衰落，不但能增加系统平均吞吐量，而且能提高频谱利用率。     

基于互满正交设计的差分空时分组码

本文针对多天线系统提出了基于互满正交设计的差分空时分组码(Amicable- orthogonal-design-based Differential Space-Time Block Code,ADSTBC).与已有的差分空时调制方法相比,ADSTBC对信号星图无任何限制,因而可采用高效的调制技术(如QAM、APSK等)提高频谱效率.基于平坦Rayleigh衰落信道,给出了具有线性复杂度的最大似然差分译码器(Maximum-Likelihood Differential Decoder,MLDD).若在ADSTBC中采用QAM星图,MLDD可进一步简化成独立地检测每一数据符号的实部和虚部,降低了实现代价;并且,随着QAM星图阶数的增加,MLDD用于检测单个数据符号的计算量将保持不变.     

相关瑞利信道下差分空时检测协同分集方案

本文提出了一种采用分布式差分空时分组编码和检测的协同分集方案,在不需要信道状态信息(CSI)的情况下可以实现满分集和全速率发射,并推导了相关瑞利信道下该方案误码率(BER)性能上限的解析表达式。传统的差分空时分组编码对整个码块进行差分,而协同分集下的任何一个协同用户进行差分编码时都不知道整个码块的信息。本文所提出的差分BPSK调制方案,通过将两协同用户的信息分别被调制到相互正交的实轴和虚轴上,从而将码块的联合差分转化为各用户独立差分。分析了在协同用户间不同的信道状态信息(CSI)和协同用户到接收用户不同的CSI情况下本文所提出发射方案的性能。仿真结果表明本文所提出的方案获得了明显的分集增益,同时也较好的吻合了理论分析的结果。     

Differential space-time-frequency modulation over frequency-selective fading channels

We present a differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) modulation scheme for systems with two transmit antennas over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed DSTF scheme employs a concatenation of a spectral encoder and a differential encoder/mapper, which are designed to yield the maximum spatio-spectral diversity and significant coding gain. To reduce the decoding complexity, the differential encoder is designed with a unitary structure that decouples the maximum likelihood (ML) detection in space and time; meanwhile, the spectral encoder utilizes a linear constellation decimation (LCD) coding scheme that encodes across a minimally required set of subchannels for full diversity and, hence, incurs the least decoding complexity among all full-diversity codes.     

Single-block differential transmit scheme for broadband wireless MIMO-OFDM systems

In frequency-selective multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel, differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) modulations are known as practical alternatives that are capable of exploiting the available spatial and frequency diversities without the requirement of multichannel estimation at the receiver. However, the encoding nature of the DSTF schemes that expand several OFDM symbol periods makes the DSTF schemes susceptible to fast-changing channel conditions. In this paper, we propose a differential scheme for MIMO-OFDM systems that is able to differentially encode signal within two OFDM symbol periods, and the proposed scheme transmits the differentially encoded signal within one OFDM block. The scheme not only reduces encoding and decoding delay but also relaxes the restriction on channel assumption. The successful differential decoding of the proposed scheme depends on the assumption that the fading channels keep constant over two OFDM symbol periods rather than multiple of them as required in the existing DSTF schemes. We also provide pairwise error probability analysis and quantify the performance criteria in terms of diversity and coding advantages. The design criteria reveal that the existing diagonal cyclic codes can be applied to achieve full diversity. Performance simulations under various channel conditions show that our proposed scheme yields superior performance to previously proposed differential schemes.     

MIMO系统中的分组全分集全码率空时编码

针对未编码的多输入多输出（MIMO，Multi—Input Multi—Output）系统，提出一种复杂度适中的分组全分集全码率（GFDFR，Group—wise Full Diversity Full Rate）空时编码方案。该方案通过在发送端进行天线分组，各组独立编码，减小全分集全码率（FDFR，Full Diversity Full Rate）编码块的大小从而降低系统编解码复杂度；在频率选择性信道中，进一步对子载波分组进行独立编码，获得频率分集（或多径分集），以适中的复杂度在不降低系统分集度的情况下保证了信息的全码率传输，是一种在MIMO信道中极具实用价值的空时编码方案。     

一种新的高效自适应的联合编码调制分集的多入多出系统

为满足未来移动通信对高数据传输速率迅速增长的需求,本文提出了高频谱效率的联合编码调制分集(Joint Coding Modulation Diversity,JCMD)的多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)方案.从全局的角度,该方案通过空时分量交织器和旋转调制对Turbo编码,正交幅度调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,QAM)和MIMO技术进行联合优化.本文首次证明了JCMD-MIM的可达速率大于等功率分配的BICM-MIMO系统.基于以上理论分析,提出了一种最佳空间分量交织器以及自适应层数选择方案以最大化系统的可达速率.仿真结果表明新方案与传统的BICM-MIMO方案相比可以获得明显的信噪比增益.     

一种新的快衰落信道下的差分Unitary时空编码调制方法

该文提出了一种新的基于循环对角群码的差分Unitary 时空编码调制方法,这种新方法通过改变发送符号的顺序来降低快衰落信道时变对解码造成的影响,从而提高在快衰落信道下的性能。这种性能的提高是以处理时延和额外能量开销的增加为代价的,在实际应用中需要在这两者之间寻求平衡,处理时延越大,额外的能量开销就越小,反之亦然。 与传统的差分Unitary时空编码调制方法比较,理论分析和matlab做的Monte Carlo仿真结果表明,在快衰落信道下,提出的差分Unitary时空编码调制方法可获得明显的性能增益,能够显著降低系统的成对差错概率和误比特率。     

高阶调制系统下LDPC码优化设计

为了提高编码调制系统的整体编码增益,提出一种高阶调制系统下LDPC码的度分布优化方法.根据高阶调制符号中不同比特的误比特特性,将调制符号所经历信道建模为一组对称二进制输入加性高斯信道.在此基础上,推导了高阶调制系统下LDPC码高斯近似密度进化分析方法,并得到译码收敛条件.结合度分布约束关系及译码收敛条件,提出高阶调制系统下LDPC码的度分布优化问题及差分进化实现方法.仿真结果表明,设计的LDPC码在高阶调制系统中的渐进性能和误码性能优于基于比特优化映射的编码调制方案.     

基于无速率码的遥感数据自适应传输技术

基于自适应编码调制的遥感数据传输方案实现了传输速率阶梯式换挡,但未能充分利用链路余量。为进一步提高遥感卫星数据传输过程中的频谱效率,提出了基于无速率码的遥感数据自适应传输技术。将无速率码与QPSK、8PSK、16QAM、64QAM调制方式结合,通过设定译码成功概率阈值得到离散信噪比下的最佳译码开销和最佳码率值。采用多项式拟合求得卫星过境期间码率值的变化情况,进而得到有效数据率变化曲线,实现了遥感卫星过境时段内有效数据率随仰角的无缝切换。通过求解有效数据率曲线的积分值,得到了采用联合译码算法的Raptor码在4种方案下的传输数据量。分析结果表明,与第二代数字卫星电视广播标准（DVB-S2）中的自适应编码调制方案相比,所提出的传输方案使传输数据量提高了10.29%~27.65%,且在信噪比低至-5 dB的情况下也可以进行数据自适应传输。     

一种改进的IR-HARQ功率分配方案

为了保证信息在无线衰落信道条件下的稳定传输,提出了一种基于正交幅度调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,QAM)的增量冗余混合自动重传请求(Incremental Redundancy Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request,IR-HARQ)功率分配方案,计算了基于QAM的IR-HARQ传输链路的互信息,以提高数据吞吐率为目的提出了混合传输策略.在瑞利衰落信道下将该方案与最大化互信息策略和逆信道策略进行Matlab仿真比较,结果显示提出的混合传输策略有更高的数据吞吐率,且随着重传次数的增加,数据吞吐率迅速接近遍历容量.     

Differential spatial modulation scheme based on orthogonal space-time block coded

Focusing on the problem that differential spatial modulation (DSM) couldn’t obtain transmit diversity and has high decoding complexity,a new differential spatial modulation scheme based on the orthogonal space-time block code was proposed and the proposed scheme is called OSTBC-DSM.There were two matrices in this scheme:the spatial modulation matrix and the symbol matrix.The former was aimed to activate different transmit antennas by setting the position of nonzero elements,and the latter structured symbolic matrix by using orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) as the basic code block.The proposed scheme could obtain full transmit diversity and higher spectral efficiency compared with the conventional DSM schemes.Moreover,the OSTBC-DSM supported linear maximum likelihood (ML) decoding.The simulation results show that under different spectral efficiencies,the proposed OSTBC-DSM scheme has better bit error rate (BER) performance than other schemes.     

Full-Diversity Codes for MISO Systems Equipped With Linear or ML Detectors

In this paper, a general criterion for space-time block codes (STBC) to achieve full diversity with a linear receiver is proposed for a wireless communication system having multiple transmitter and single receiver antennas [multiple-input–single-output (MISO)]. Particularly, the STBC with Toeplitz structure satisfies this criterion, and therefore, enables full diversity. Further examination of this Toeplitz STBC reveals the following important properties: 1) the symbol transmission rate can be made to approach unity; 2) applying the Toeplitz code to any signalling scheme having nonzero distance between the nearest constellation points results in a nonvanishing determinant. In addition, if quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) is used as the signalling scheme, then for independent MISO flat-fading channels, the Toeplitz codes is proved to approach the optimal diversity-versus-multiplexing tradeoff with a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver when the number of channel uses is large. This is, so far, the first nonorthogonal STBC shown to achieve the optimal tradeoff for such a receiver. On the other hand, when maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is employed in a MISO system, the Toeplitz STBC achieves the maximum coding gain for independent channels. When the channel fading coefficients are correlated, the inherent transmission matrix in the Toeplitz STBC can be designed to minimize the average worst case pairwise error probability.      

Underwater Acoustic Multimedia Communication Based on MIMO–OFDM

A transmission scheme is proposed based on multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for underwater acoustic multimedia (UWAM) communication. The proposed scheme integrates direct mapping and space-time block code strategies, a power assignment mechanism, OFDM, adaptive modulation, and unequal error protection in a UWAM system. The proposed UWAM system employs high power, low speed modulation, with schemes providing significant error protection for transmission of sensor data messages requiring a stringent bit-error rate (BER). In contrast, low power, high speed modulation schemes with reduced error protection are provided for messages that can tolerate a high BER, such as image and audio signals. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only fulfils the quality of services requirements of a UWAM system, but also maximizes transmission bit rates or minimizes transmission power requirements.     

Single-symbol-decodable differential space-time modulation based on QO-STBC

We present a novel differential space-time modulation (DSTM) scheme that is single-symbol decodable and can provide full transmit diversity. It is the first known single-symbol-decodable DSTM scheme not based on orthogonal STBC (O-STBC), and it is constructed based on the recently proposed minimum-decoding-complexity quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (MDC-QOSTBC). We derive the code design criteria and present systematic methodology to find the solution sets. The proposed DSTM scheme can provide higher code rate than DSTM schemes based on O-STBC. Its decoding complexity is also considerably lower than DSTM schemes based on Sp(2) and double-symbol-decodable QO-STBC, with negligible or slight trade-off in decoding error probability performance     

采用8QAM调制的GSM/EDGE移动通信系统

在与现有GSM/EDGE系统兼容,且不改变该系统发送和接收滤波器的基础上,为了改善基于8PSK调制方案的GSM/EDGE的性能,建议将GSM/EDGE的8PSK调制方式改为8QAM调制方式.并给出相位旋转的方法,解决了功率放大器非线性引起的频谱再生问题.同时,调整了8QAM星座图上的信号点位置,保持了原有EDGE系统发送和接收滤波器.在Matlab仿真实验中表明,相对于现有的GSM/EDGE 8PSK调制方案,GSM/EDGE的8QAM调制方案能够在达到相同误码率的情况下,信噪比提高约5 dB.     

莱斯信道下多载波异步发射分层空时码设计

视距路径的存在使多天线信道矩阵的条件数增加,造成同步多载波分层空时码的线性检测性能严重下降甚至失效。针对这一现实问题,该文提出了一种新的发射信号设计方法:在频域上将每个天线上的多载波信号异步发射。在莱斯信道中得到了联合迫零检测的误比特率表达式,并在未编码和Turbo编码情况下与同步多载波分层空时码进行了仿真对比。理论分析和仿真结果表明:异步多载波发射结构能够突破同步多载波分层空时码对接收天线数的限制,利用线性检测方法可以获得系统的最大可能空间分集度。     

改进高速率全分集准正交差分空时码方案

传统的方案中,将准正交空时码(quasi-orthogonal space-time code)经过调制之后转换为酉空时码(unitary space-time code)再进行差分编码,但信息传输速率的提高会带来性能的严重下降。为了克服传统方案这一不足,给出一种引入幅值的修正方案,并且对幅值的选取也进行了说明。与传统的准正交差分空时码相比,所提方案提高了其信息传输速率,对误比特性能和信息传输速率进行了一个较好的折中。     

Some Designs of Full Rate Space–Time Codes With Nonvanishing Determinant

In this correspondence, we first present a transformation technique to improve the normalized diversity product for a full rate algebraic space-time block code (STBC) by balancing the signal mean powers at different transmit antennas. After rewriting a cyclic division algebra structure into a multilayer structure for a full rate code, we show that the normalized diversity product of the transformed code with the multilayer structure is better than the one of the transformed code with the cyclic division algebra structure. We then present a new full rate algebraic STBC with multilayer structure with nonvanishing determinant (NVD) for three transmit antennas when signal constellation is carved from QAM. We show that the new code has larger normalized diversity product than the existing 3 times 3 NVD full rate STBC for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, and we also show that it has the largest normalized diversity product in a family of full rate STBC.