A User‐Session‐Based Computerized System for Highway Management

The design and implementation of a user‐session based computerized system for highway management is presented. The functionality required to accomplish concomitant methodologic tasks is implemented as computer sessions. Described are the analytical methods, algorithms, and user sessions involved in the goal‐oriented optimization process that is used to analyze highway program scenarios. The computerized system is being developed in a phased manner to provide early products that assist the New York State Thruway Authority's operations. The system continues to evolve with user feedback and technology advancement. In the current phase, the system consists of graphic user interfaces and robust algorithms that are implemented efficiently using modeling and spreadsheet tools. The evolving computerized system has been used to conduct case studies, provide tabular and graphic summaries of specific highway program scenarios, and obtain feedback for future enhancements. It is concluded that the user‐session‐based design has provided an efficient approach to integrate the analysis methods and provide a user‐friendly computerized system for highway program development.     

农村公路养护“活”字当头——再探农村公路养护管理之路

随着农村公路建设的飞速发展,农村公路养护管理所面临和暴露出的问题也日益突出。虽然养护体制改革后,这种重建轻养的意识有所改观,但还存在诸多问题。论文从农村公路养护管理现状及存在的问题出发,分析农村公路养护管理的特点,提出切实可行的养护管理模式,为农村公路的可持续发展和养护管理工作提供参考。     

高速公路养护中温拌超薄磨耗层施工技术

我国交通基础设施日趋完善,为增加高速公路使用寿命,确保公路长期发挥作用,有必要开展公路养护工作。温拌超薄磨耗层施工技术近年来常用于高速公路水泥混凝土路面养护工程中,有效预防和解决了病害问题。然而,对于温拌超薄磨耗层施工的研究刚刚开始,尚未形成体系。基于此,本文对高速公路养护中温拌超薄磨耗层施工技术进行研究,以期为相关理论提供必要补充。     

如何提高公路养护管理水平和质量

随着我国公路建设的快速发展,为人们的生活和生产提供了极大的方便。但与此同时,公路的养护管理问题越来越突出。本问对公路养护管理中存在的问题进行了分析,并对提高公路养护管理水平和质量提出了建议,以供参考。     

The study on the integrated control system for curtain wall building façade cleaning robot

Recently, with a growing number of high-rise buildings in cities, interest in building facade maintenance is increasing. The existing method of cleaning the exterior walls of existing high-rise buildings depended on the methods by workers who used ropes, gondolas, and winch systems. Recently, however, BMU (building maintenance unit) has been developed and applied to resolve safety problems and boost work efficiency. In Germany, USA, France and other countries, various types of robot systems for building façade maintenance are being applied. In South Korea, façade cleaning robots attached with curtain walls are also being developed. In this paper, we propose an integrated control system for the stable control of robots with the building façade cleaning technology. The proposed control system can be divided into three stages such as preparation stage, cleaning stage, and return stage. Each independent robot system performs tasks such as cleaning, moving, and obstacle detection according to each stage. A wireless communication system for stable communication between robots was proposed and applied for controlling the robot system. The proposed integrated control system was applied to building façade cleaning robots and its efficiency was verified compared with existing high-rise building cleaning methods.     

浅谈湖州地区公路养护管理中的文化建设

结合浙江省湖州地区公路养护工程实际,就公路养护中的文化建设作了论述,指出公路建养文化、安全文化、景观文化共同构筑了公路文化体系,是公路职工在公路建设、养护及管理中所创造的物质财富和精神财富。     

农村公路的养护管理与管理体制研究

分析了现有农村公路养护管理体制的弊端,就如何建立农村公路养护管理长效机制,提出了农村公路养护体制改革的思路,以探索适应市场运行规律的管理机制,满足农村经济发展对公路通行能力及服务质量的要求。     

Multimedia Services for Highway Infrastructure Management

Photographic logging systems used by highway agencies provide engineers with information in the analysis of traffic accidents, design improvements, and highway pavement management. However, there exist limitations for such systems in the areas of accessibility, search capability of the image library, and synchronization video data with traditional engineering site data. More important, there are situations in which multiple users may need to examine the video footage at the same time. This capability cannot be provided by current systems. The analog nature of the video signals also presents difficulties in integrating the visual information with other types of data. This paper introduces a type of multimedia service that can be applied in a state highway department environment for highway infrastructure management. This multimedia‐based information system utilizes state‐of‐the‐art technologies in digital video, high‐speed networking, and video server. This paper discusses the requirements of high‐speed networking systems and presents a new computer network that has the potential to become a dominant technology for the transmission of multimedia data. In addition, design concerns regarding the video server and its structure are also discussed. A data‐synchronization algorithm is also presented on how to dynamically display digital video frames with traditional engineering data sets that contain information such as as‐built data, pavement condition and performance, traffic safety, geometric features, and other infrastructure data.     

建筑施工机器人研究进展

为了拓宽建筑机器人的研究思路和推广建筑机器人的应用,对国内外建筑施工机器人的研究进展进行了详细阐述。总结了建筑机器人的发展历程和系统组成,从主体结构施工、装修施工和其他新型施工机器人系统三方面对建筑施工机器人进行分类汇总,介绍了机器人的关键技术、性能优势和发展方向等内容。最后从研发设计、管理运维和人才培养等角度提出了建筑施工机器人的发展建议。结果表明:砌砖机器人产品存在依赖人工操作、使用非常规建材等问题,其机械臂的运动轨迹和任务规划是未来的研究热点; 基于激光标定技术的混凝土地面处理机器人智能化程度不高,需开发稳定高效的自主定位导航系统; 墙地面打磨机器人关键指标为施工精度和稳定性,可通过优化算法模型和引入高精度传感器进行提升; 室内喷涂机器人多为“6+3+1”自由度结构,对比手工喷涂具有明显的技术优势,但其自主化程度需进一步加强,而外墙喷涂机器人在稳定性、安全性和可靠性方面的性能要求更高,需提高作业覆盖率和实用性; 瓷砖铺贴机器人的发展离不开结构设计、瓷砖定位技术和铺贴轨迹规划等关键技术的研究,存在适用瓷砖尺寸单一和控制复杂等问题; 3D打印机器人通过优化结构设计提升作业灵活性,将朝着轻量化、智能化和低成本方向发展,而测量机器人主要利用三维激光扫描技术实现自动化测量,但面临着数据易丢失、人员活动范围受限和成本高等问题。     

公路工程的机械设备维护及管理问题探析

随着我国经济水平的不断提升和公路工程发展速度的持续进步,公路工程的机械设备维护及管理问题得到了越来越多的重视。本文从阐述公路工程机械设备维护及管理问题入手,对公路工程机械设备维护及管理措施进行了分析。     

Design and development of robotic collaborative system for automated construction of reciprocal frame structures

Robotic technologies have shown their potential to improve efficiency, precision, and safety for construction tasks. In this paper, the concept of design for robotic construction (DfRC) is introduced, and robotic collaborative systems are developed for the construction of load-carrying structures. An automated structural assembly was achieved and demonstrated through robotics with a preference for reciprocal frame (RF) structures. Key innovations include the use of magnetic temporary connections to minimize offsets of mobile robots and linear actuators as temporary supports during construction. Furthermore, specific procedures are formulated to navigate the robots and to target and install the components using a fiducial marker system and simultaneous localization and mapping packages, with consideration of structural deformation during construction due to self-weight. The successful assembly of a 4.5-m span RF structure demonstrates the potential of DfRC and the proposed robotic collaborative system in the automated construction of load-carrying structures.     

Integrated visualized time control system for repetitive construction projects

Construction control is an essential management function for successful delivery and achieving of construction projects’ goals. Considerable research efforts have been done regarding project control. However, literature suffers from a lack of visualizing the controlling process. With the growth of using visualization techniques in construction, Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) have recently attained a widespread contribution in visualization of construction progress. BIM is a process of creating virtual models data that represents building facilities. In this research, BIM represents a platform for nD (n-Dimensional) visualization of construction progress. The advantages of this paper stems from three main contributions for construction projects control: 1) developing of a mathematical model for time control of repetitive construction projects; 2) an automated system to dynamically integrate project progress with BIM technique; and 3) a GIS-based tool to visualize the progress of distributed sites. The developed model provides abundant information to help decision makers take the appropriate corrective actions. An example application is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the developed system.     

Life‐Cycle Engineering of Bridges

Life‐cycle engineering, as being developed at Lehigh University's Engineering Research Center for Advanced Technology for Large Structural Systems (ATLSS), is a comprehensive, systematic methodology which treats each stage in the life of a structure as part of an integrated process. It considers both performance and cost throughout the life of a structure, thus supporting a more balanced view of investment based on construction, operation, renewal, replacement and decommission issues. Consideration of all phases of the life‐cycle supports intelligent and informed decision‐making. Lehigh has an on‐going program of research on methodologies and information systems embodying the life‐cycle engineering approach which is being incorporated into a decision support system for life‐cycle engineering of bridges. The authors describe a prototype model which provides bridge engineers and owners with analytical information to more effectively integrate life‐cycle considerations into engineering decisions concerning bridge decks.     

Mobile Model-Based Bridge Lifecycle Management System

Abstract:   This article discusses the requirements for developing a mobile model-based bridge lifecycle management system (MMBLMS). This new system should link all the information about the lifecycle stages of a bridge (e.g., design, construction, inspection, and maintenance) to a 4D model of the bridge incorporating different scales of space and time to record events throughout the lifecycle with suitable levels of details (LoDs). In addition, MMBLMS should support distributed databases and mobile location-based computing by providing user interfaces that can be used on mobile computers, such as tablet PCs. A framework for MMBLMS is described and the basic computational issues for realizing it are discussed including the navigation modes, the picking behavior and the LoDs for representing bridge elements and defects. A prototype system developed in Java language is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology for realizing this system.     

浅谈甘肃省国省干线公路养护规范化管理体系

根据作者参与制定甘肃省国省干线公路养护规范化管理体系的体会,阐述了编订甘肃省国省干线公路养护规范化管理体系的目的及其主要内容,为甘肃省广大养护管理工作人员提供一些规范化管理体系建设的思路。     

Robot assembly system for computer-integrated construction

The construction industry demands a productivity increase that cannot be attained by means of traditional methods for masonry that have already reached their system limits and cannot contribute to further effectiveness. Further rationalisation can only be achieved by the reduction of labour and construction times. Therefore, a certain innovative leap is required by a system approach that combines the already existing construction technologies with new information, automation and robot technologies. An integrated automation system has been developed in the European ESPRIT III Robot Assembly System for Computer Integrated Construction (ROCCO) Project. Industrial partners and research centres from Germany, Spain and Belgium that are linked to the construction industry and robotics have formed the consortium. Block assembly tasks are performed by means of two robotics systems. One of the many challenges of these systems is related with the development of the control approach of large-range robots with hydraulic actuators. Conventional control strategies, based on PID or PD controllers and linear models, are unsuitable and prove completely inefficient for these robots. New control methods are necessary in order to achieve high performance with a reasonable time-consuming algorithm, useful in a real time control system. The most significant aspects related to the development of these robotic systems and their control systems are presented in this paper.     

复杂环境公路隧道裂缝快速识别与分割算法研究

随着我国公路隧道由建设为主朝建养并重转化,在运营里程快速增长与既有隧道劣化加剧的双重作用下,移动检测及结构安全快速诊断已成为目前公路隧道运营维养领域的研究热点之一。我国已研发了多种类型的隧道检测车,为裂缝、渗漏水等表观病害的快速检测提供了手段,然而公路隧道衬砌图像背景复杂、干扰因素多、裂缝占比小的特点,给检测数据的快速分析带来巨大挑战,已成为制约技术推广的主要瓶颈。基于深度学习算法,本文提出了一种将目标识别与语义分割进行组合的裂缝快速提取方法,首先采用Faster R-CNN网络对原始衬砌图像进行目标识别,判定所采集图片是否存在裂缝并智能框选出裂缝区域;随后对框选出的裂缝区域自动裁切,由此过滤不含裂缝的图片并去除含裂缝图片中的干扰背景,再利用U-Net语义分割网络对裂缝进行像素级分割。通过实际工程验证发现,单幅图像裂缝整体分割时间小于0.15 s,在常见各类干扰因素下,目标识别F1值可达到92%,语义分割像素准确度可达到98%以上。与阈值分割和同类智能分割算法相比,本方法显著提高了识别速度与精度,为从隧道检测车海量数据中进行快速准确的裂缝提取提供了良好手段。     

基于SEM—K-means聚类的农村公路项目投资控制影响因素及水平划分研究

为解析影响农村公路项目投资控制影响机理,改善农村公路项目建设过程中投资失控问题,从农村公路项目建设寿命全周期视角选取前期决策、设计规划、施工管理、运营维护、内部环境、外部环境与投资控制七类综合潜变量因素及38个测量变量,构建结构方程模型（SEM）解析所选因素与投资控制间的影响关系结构,应用中介效应检验法确定因素对投资控制的综合影响程度,最后选择显著影响因素,采用K-means聚类方法划分农村公路项目投资控制水平。结果表明,施工管理与设计规划对农村公路项目投资控制影响最为显著。研究共划分出6个投资控制水平,每个控制水平下特征相似,不同水平间特征差异明显。结合每个控制水平及特征,提出了相应的投资控制建议。     

沥青路面微表处施工质量控制技术研究

微表处是路面预防性养护的重要措施,具有施工速度快、抗滑性能好、修复车辙及封水效果优良等特点,被广泛应用于国内外高等级公路的养护维修建设。本文在对沥青路面早期损坏的类型及特点深入分析的基础上,主要从稀浆混合料的破乳机理、微表处施工措施、微表处施工质量控制等方面,对路面微表处预防性养护施工技术进行系统深入的研究,研究成果对提高沥青路面使用性能及服务水平,延长道路的使用寿命具有重大意义。     

Use of aggregates from regional deposits in road construction

For highway construction and maintenance, between 200 and 300 million tons of mineral aggregates are used in the Federal Republic of Germany per year. Most of the regionally occurring rocks, gravels and sands are sources of road materials of very good quality. However, depending on the locale, aggregates of minor quality may also have to be used for highway construction and maintenance for economic reasons and in order to protect the environment by avoiding greater haulage distances. For this purpose it has been necessary to adapt aggregate treatment and pavement design techniques to the rock materials available in each case. A number of different tentative approaches to solving this problem have been put forward.