一种稳健的自适应波束形成算法

一般自适应波束形成的主瓣和零陷比较尖锐,当存在指向误差,干扰信号或天线平台快速运动时,若实时处理速度跟不上,将导致干扰抑制能力下降,采用高速处理算法代价太大.本文研究了利用导数约束法来改进广义旁瓣相消器的稳健性,对信号的自相关矩阵进行改进,使主瓣和零陷展宽,仿真试验表明该方法对指向误差和当干扰或天线平台快速运动时都具有很好的稳健性.     

误差对DBF零陷深度影响分析

波束置零能有效地抑制强干扰,因而成为数字波束形成(DBF)中的一项重要技术,然而由于通道误差等的存在使得零陷深度受到限制.首先提出了一种带零陷DBF的权值求解方法,然后从误差模型出发,分析了误差对零陷深度的定量影响,讨论了波束置零对旁瓣电平和比幅曲线的影响.最后通过数值方法验证了该数学分析的正确性.     

一种新的稳健自适应波束形成方法

常规的自适应波束形成方法,在存在指向误差的时候性能严重下降,不能有效地抑制运动的干扰.针对这一现象,提出一种稳健的波束形成方法.在对实际导向矢量进行估计的同时,利用锥消矩阵对零陷阵进行加宽,能够对抗动干扰及指向误差.计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性和正确性.     

自适应和差波束形成与单脉冲测角研究

和差单脉冲测角是雷达中常用的测角技术,但是当存在外界强副瓣干扰时需要采用自适应和、差波束形成抑制干扰,然后进行和差单脉冲测角.文中首先讨论了自适应和差波束的增益和抗干扰性能,指出自适应和差波束通过在方向图干扰方向置零来抑制干扰,和波束在波束指向上取得相干积累增益,而差波束在波束指向上的响应为零.然后对自适应和差波束的波束比进行分析,发现理想情况下自适应和差波束的波束比与静态和差波束的波束比近似相同,仿真实例验证了这一点.     

认知频控阵雷达对随队假目标的动态零陷形成研究

电子战环境中,随队支援式假目标可在雷达照射主瓣内做非线性运动,这对基于相控阵体制的雷达实时地将波束零点对准假目标位置造成了困难。针对这一问题,提出一种基于频控阵雷达的动态零陷形成技术,系统通过从环境中提取干扰假目标距离信息,之后结合认知技术利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器获得假目标运动的外推轨迹,并将预测信息通过反馈回传至雷达发射模块,通过频控阵距离维波束形成技术调整发射权矢量使得波束零点指向干扰源预测位置。仿真结果表明:所提方法可以有效地实施对主瓣内运动的欺骗式假目标动态零陷,相比于不基于预测信息的波束形成技术具有显著的性能优势,为频控阵雷达抗主瓣欺骗式干扰提供了技术支持,在阵列信号处理方面具有一定的理论和实际意义。      

基于斜投影算子的高频雷达窄波束形成方法

波束形成是高频雷达等系统分辨目标方位以及抗干扰的有效手段,常规的波束形成依赖增加阵列孔径实现更窄的波束.提出了一种不受阵列孔径限制的窄波束形成方法,该方法利用斜投影的零相移以及在干扰方向形成的深零陷,通过对宽波束方位内的干扰并行多次抑制,在波束指向周围形成零陷,合成输出窄波束.与传统波束形成相比,本方法具有波束宽度窄、旁瓣抑制比高的特点,尤其是小阵列孔径情况下仍可实现窄波束形成.经高频地波雷达距离-多普勒域实测数据的验证,表明该方法能够实现宽波束内目标的超分辨,并且剔除窄波束以外的电离层杂波,实现了常规波束内的杂波抑制和更为精细的方位分辨.     

改进的稳健Capon 波束形成算法性能分析

常规Capon 波束形成算法能够使波束在期望信号方向形成高增益,在干扰方向形成零陷,针对该算法在期望信号导向矢量失配的情况下,出现性能下降的问题,研究了期望信号导向矢量在不确定集约束下的求解。通过分析稳健Capon波束形成算法的特点,推导出了期望信号导向矢量在球形不确定集约束下的权矢量近似闭式解,并采用图像法,找到给定条件下的最优约束参数。在指向误差和相位误差存在情况下,对算法进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了算法在误差存在情况下的稳健性。     

零陷优化的稳健波束形成算法

传统的自适应波束形成算法在干扰方向出现扰动且期望信号导向矢量失配时,不仅无法持续有效地抑制干扰,而且会在期望信号方向产生零陷致使期望信号相消,算法性能严重下降。针对该问题,本文提出了一种零陷优化的稳健波束形成算法。该算法首先通过干扰导向矢量的左右旋转来展宽零陷,接着将采样数据向干扰子空间投影,并对干扰分量进行加权处理以增强采样数据中的干扰强度,加深干扰零陷,最后采用导向矢量不确定集约束算法保证期望信号的接收增益。计算机仿真结果表明:该算法能够有效展宽干扰零陷,并能够保证期望信号增益,具有较好的稳健性。      

抑制快速运动强干扰的稳健自适应波束形成方法

针对存在快速运动强干扰时自适应波束形成性能的严重降低,提出了一种稳健的自适应波束形成方法。该方法使用零陷展宽技术修改采样协方差矩阵,使其自动地在干扰方位形成展宽的零陷以抑制运动强干扰,同时采用对角加载技术,以增强此方法对系统误差的稳健性,加载量通过约束扫描向量的误差来确定。仿真结果表明该方法能有效地提高当存在快速运动的强干扰时自适应波束形成的性能。     

改进的LCMV算法在多波束形成中的应用

基于线性约束最小方差(LCMV)算法的自适应波束形成技术,得到的方向图能保证期望信号方向增益最大,非期望方向形成零陷。但实际应用中由于不可避免的存在阵元位置误差、阵元相位误差及指向误差等(统称为相位误差),使约束的导向矢量与真实期望信号的导向矢量不一致,从而影响系统的性能。改进的LCMV波束形成算法——基于迭代二阶锥的唯相位波束形成技术,通过改变移相器的相位,使各阵元输出信号相位一致,在多个方向上形成主波束,阵列输出功率最大。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.