一种SAR运动目标的自聚焦算法

基于SAR成像中散射点模型的参数估计,提出了一种适用于经过距离走动校正之后,在方位向上仍存在两次及两次以上相位误差的动目标的自聚焦算法.该方法在方位数据域上结合离散多项式相位变换(DPT)方法和最小二乘估计法估计相位误差,用CLEAN算法估计散射点参数,并通过交替迭代运算,可以较少的距离单元实现较为精确的误差补偿,因而运算量小.经过实测数据验证,该算法获得了理想的自聚焦.     

MC-SAR改进正交子空间相位误差估计算法

方位多通道SAR用于高分辨率宽测绘带成像有着广阔的前景,然而通道失配引起的通道相位误差会较大地影响成像的质量。针对这一问题提出了一种改进正交子空间(OS)算法用于校正通道相位误差。改进OS算法的通道相位误差估计考虑了天线方向图加权,并利用全部多普勒频点信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交约束条件建立代价函数,从而得到相位误差估计的最优值。该方法有效克服常规正交子空间算法利用单个多普勒频点估计通道相位误差时的不稳健问题。基于机载实测数据的实验验证了改进OS算法的有效性和稳健性。     

基于线性误差模型的干涉仪系统标校方法

干涉仪系统利用多个天线构成测向基线,通过测量目标相位信息完成入射角度估计,能实现瞬时高精度测向.针对系统误差影响测向性能这一问题,分析了系统误差来源(包括天线安装误差和系统固定相位误差),建立了干涉仪系统误差线性模型,利用线性最小二乘算法对干涉仪系统中的天线相位误差与基线安装误差进行估计.仿真分析验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于二维空变运动补偿的机动平台大斜视SAR稀疏自聚焦方法

大斜视角和空间3维加速度的存在使机动平台SAR的运动误差具有明显的2维空变性,极大地增加了成像难度.为此,该文提出了一种基于2维空变运动误差估计与补偿的稀疏自聚焦方法.该方法基于Keystone变换和频域相位滤波法构造了能够校正成像参数空变性的频域近似观测算子.在自聚焦过程中,首先,构建基于频域近似观测算子的稀疏自聚焦模型并采用迭代软阈值方法(ISTA)进行求解,从而实现图像的粗聚焦和非空变运动误差的估计;然后,采用稀疏自聚焦模型估计多个子区域的精确相位误差曲线,并基于最小二乘法估计空变的运动误差参数;最后,通过对近似观测算子的修正实现空变运动误差的补偿.仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种基于迭代滤波的Chirp信号参数估计算法

线性调频信号广泛应用于雷达、声纳、通信等领域中,其相位参数估计具有研究意义.本文研究了噪声中线性调频信号相位参数的估计问题,提出了基于最小二乘的相位展开和迭代滤波的相位参数估计方法.该算法提高了基于最小二乘相位展开算法得到的初估计的精度,并将本文算法与HAF方法得到的估计的均方误差进行比较,同时,通过仿真实验表明,本文的算法对于相位参数a2的估计在信噪比大于3dB时接近CRLB,验证了算法的有效性.     

增益相位误差下基于部分校准嵌套阵列的DOA估计

现有的波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计方法大多依赖于阵列导向矩阵的精确无偏条件,而实际工程中由于时钟偏移、阵元位置偏差的存在导致该条件往往难以满足.为匹配阵列实际接收条件,本文基于部分校准嵌套阵列,提出了一种增益相位误差下的DOA估计新方法.该方法首先利用连乘子函数和简单的代数运算完成初始增益相位误差估计,然后通过协方差矩阵向量化和稀疏表示理论构建具有连续自由度的稀疏表示向量模型,最后考虑有效样本的影响,在初始增益相位误差估计的基础上应用稀疏总体最小均方（Sparse total least squares,STLS）算法完成波达方向估计.本文所提方法不仅对阵列增益相位误差不敏感,而且可依靠嵌套阵列高自由度特性和STLS算法的抗扰动特性获得改进的分辨率和估计精度,计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.     

基于信号重构和最小二乘的线性调频信号估计

通过多延时离散多项相位变换重构出具有较高信噪比的信号,随后解出瞬时相位曲线,利用最小二乘法估计出线性调频信号的一阶、二阶相位参数.在低信噪比时,估计量均方误差仍达到CRB.另外,该方法信噪比门限低且可调,运算量小,易于实现.仿真验证了其有效性.     

基于先验信噪比估计的语音增强方法

本文主要研究了噪声环境下频域语音增强问题。首先,总结了频域语音增强算法的主要特点;其次,分析了基于先验信噪比估计的最小均方误差和对数谱最小均方误差方法能够抑制噪声的主要原因;最后,根据"直接判决"的思想,提出了谱减法、最大似然估计法及维纳滤波法改进方法。实验结果表明,与传统的增强方法相比,所提出的方法能更好的抑制背景噪声和残留的"音乐噪声"。     

基于小生境遗传算法的雷达组网误差配准

多传感器信息融合须进行误差配准。传统的误差配准技术采用RTQC、最小二乘法或极大似然估计法,将非线性方程进行线性化,而线性化过程会引入误差。给出了一种基于小生境遗传算法的误差配准算法,该方法在采用基于ECEF坐标系的误差配准技术的基础上,克服了将非线性方程线性化带来的误差,并在传统遗传算法的基础上引入小生境技术,提高了遗传算法全局寻优能力、收敛速度以及系统误差估计结果的精度。最后,将该方法与基于ECEF坐标系的最小二乘法及传统遗传算法进行了比较,仿真实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

旋转基线相位干涉仪测向精度提高方法

旋转基线相位干涉仪测向法利用阵元间相位差最大值与最小值进行来波角度估计,存在噪声干扰时会产生较大测向误差。针对这一问题,采用三参数最小二乘法对解模糊后的相位差曲线进行幅度、初相和偏移量的估计,进而对相位差曲线进行拟合处理。该方法提高了旋转基线相位干涉仪测向的精度,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks