细菌纤维素改性无纺布复合材料的制备及性能

利用生物复合法制备细菌纤维素/无纺布复合材料(BC/N),并对其结构、含水率、失水率、力学性能进行测试,结合体外细胞培养对材料进行生物安全性研究,并通过原位复合法制备载Ag的BC/N材料。结果发现,细菌纤维素(BC)与无纺布(Non)实现良好的复合,复合材料的含水率从410%提升到1 018%,失水率从82.39%降至48.07%,有效提高了复合材料的含水率及保湿性;BC/N的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率较BC和Non有明显提高;MTT结果显示该材料具有良好的生物相容性;抗菌实验表明载Ag的BC/N具有极佳的抗菌性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率最大可达99.96%,99.93%。因此,该材料有望在医用敷料领域得到广泛应用。     

3种生物纤维素膜的结构与性能

采用无风电热干燥、真空干燥和冷冻干燥等3种方式处理生物纤维素凝胶膜,制备了3种生物纤维素膜(BC1、BC2、BC3),然后研究了其SEM形貌、IR、XRD和物理机械性能、孔隙率、吸液量、保液量、水蒸气透过率、透光率和热稳定性能.结果表明BC1的表面致密,BC2的孔洞和裂缝较BC1明显,BC3具有层状和孔洞结构.3种BC...     

CVD PyC对炭泡沫结构及性能的影响

以AR中间相沥青为原料,采用中间相沥青自发泡法在发泡压力为0.1、3.0MPa,发泡温度为450℃的条件下制备了两种不同体积密度的炭泡沫CF-1和CF-2.将CF-1经过10h和70h化学气相沉积热解炭(CVDPyC)处理后得到炭泡沫CF-1-PC1和CF-1-PC2.测定了炭泡沫的抗压强度和导热系数,利用SEM和光学显微镜观察了炭泡沫的孔结构,考察了CVD PyC对炭泡沫结构及性能的影响.研究结果表明,CVD PyC处理可以增加炭泡沫韧带宽度,封填孔壁微裂纹;沥青炭和热解炭之间无明显界面,结合良好;经过CVD PyC处理后得到的CF-1-PC1和CF-1-PC2的体积密度、抗压强度、导热系数分别为, 0.196g·cm-3、1.89MPa、0.314W·m-1·K-1和0.461g·cm-3、11.93MPa、1.581W·m-1·K-1.     

十味活血丸中羟基红花黄色素A的药物动力学研究

目的:建立了HPLC法测定中药复方十味活血丸灌胃后大鼠血浆中羟基红花黄色素A浓度的测定方法,并研究了其在大鼠体内的药动学。方法:对大鼠灌胃给药,高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定羟基红花黄色素A的血药浓度,用DAS药代动力学软件进行分析,计算药动学参数。结果:羟基红花黄色素A在0.10～10.0μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9976),定量限为0.10μg/ml,日内和日间RSD均小于6%。主要药动学参数为Cmax(1.815±0.841)μg·mL~(-1),Tmax(0.875±0.877)h,t1/2(2.176±0.606)h,AUC0-8(6.089±2.861)μg·h·ml-1,AUC0-∞(8.463±1.786)μg·h·ml-1。结论:建立了HPLC法测定十味活血丸中羟基红花黄色素A血药浓度的方法,为合理服用药物提供参考。     

细菌纤维素增强聚羟基丁酸酯复合材料的制备及性能

利用细菌纤维素(BC)作为增强材料,采用溶液浸渍法制备了细菌纤维素/聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)复合材料,并利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及力学性能测试对细菌纤维素/聚羟基丁酸酯复合材料的特征进行了研究。结果表明,PHB可以较好地渗透进入BC三维骨架中形成复合材料;在复合材料中PHB和BC的结晶特征均没有发生根本改变,只是随着PHB含量的增加,其特征衍射峰强度变大、半峰宽变小;力学性能测试显示BC能够有效增强PHB的力学性能,复合材料的断裂强度可达91MPa,断裂伸长率为7.9%,冲击强度为47.8 J/m2,较纯PHB分别提高了310%、75%和140%,其杨氏模量约为1.18 GPa,提高了约100%。由于PHB和BC均是生物材料,这种复合材料在骨组织工程中有望获得应用。     

共热解法制备方解石/生物炭复合材料及其吸附Pb(II)性能和机制

为了制备一种高效吸附含Pb(II)废水的生物炭材料,以椰壳(CS)和方解石(CAL)为原料,采用共热解法分别在500℃、600℃、700℃制备了方解石/生物炭(CAL/BC)复合材料。通过SEM、ICP-MS、BET、XRD、FTIR等方法对CAL/BC复合材料的表面微观形态和结构进行了表征。结果发现,三种热解温度条件下,CAL均能够与CS紧密结合,而且CAL/BC具有较大的比表面积,表面含有丰富的官能团。批量吸附实验结果表明,CAL和CS质量比为1∶2,pH值为5.5,吸附剂添加量为1.5 g·L?1,此时CAL/BC复合材料对Pb(II)的吸附量分别为95.24 mg·g?1(500℃)、99.01 mg·g?1(600℃)、185.19 mg·g?1(700℃),可见热解温度为700℃时,吸附效果最佳。吸附过程符合二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型。CAL/BC复合材料吸附Pb(II)的主要机制是沉淀、离子交换、阳离子-π作用、孔隙填充和静电引力。此外,CAL/BC复合材料在4次吸附-解吸循环后仍能保持较高的Pb(II)去除率。因此,共热解法制备的CAL/BC复合材料在处理废水中的Pb(II)方面具有广阔的应用前景。      

奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊的生物等效性试验研究

目的：研究奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊的在健康人体的药代动力学,并评价其同剂量制剂间相对生物利用度。方法：采用双交叉实验计,20名健康志愿者随机分为2组,分别单剂量口服哈尔滨好博药业有限公司研制的奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊（试验制剂）和常州四药制药有限公生产的奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊（参比制剂）40mg,分别于服药后48h内多点抽取自肘静脉血;用HPLC—MS法对血药浓度进行测定。结果：奥美拉唑溶胶囊（试验制剂）与奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊（参比制剂）的体内药代动力学参数T1/2：（1．9±0．7）h和（1．7±0．7）h：Tmax（3．0±0．7）h和（2．6±0．6）h：Cmax：为（1．6±1．0）μg／ml和（1．7±0．9）μg／ml：AUC0→∞为（4．9±4．1）μg·h·ml^-1和（4．7±3．6）μg·h·ml^-1。试验制剂对参比制剂人体相对生物利用度为（100．4±13．8）％。结论：两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

烯丙基胺-细菌纤维素的制备及其动力学研究

基于Ce4+引发自由基接枝共聚机理,制备了新型的烯丙基胺-细菌纤维素(al-BC)吸附剂;考察了细菌纤维素(BC)和烯丙基胺加入量、硝酸铈铵(CAN)浓度等对接枝共聚反应的影响并探讨了其接枝动力学过程;以al-BC为吸附剂,研究其对重金属离子Pb2+的吸附性能。结果表明:在CAN浓度25mmol/L、硝酸浓度0.16mol/L、烯丙基胺及BC加入量分别为24mL/L和8g/L、温度40℃、反应时间4h的最优接枝条件下,al-BC接枝率为18.22%;根据实验结果拟合出了反应初期接枝反应动力学方程;在最优吸附条件下,al-BC对Pb2+的吸附能力比BC提高了37.53%。     

干法相分离制备含银抗菌微孔硅橡胶膜

以凡士林作为致孔剂,司班85为第4组分,采用干法相分离工艺制备了添加有纳米银抑菌剂的微孔硅橡胶膜。通过超景深显微镜观察了微孔硅橡胶膜的表面孔形貌,并检测了微孔硅橡胶膜的力学性能、水蒸汽透过性能、氧气透过性能、纳米银释放性能、抑菌性能及生物相容性能。结果表明,微孔硅橡胶膜孔径均匀,最小可达2μm。当纳米银质量分数为0.0005%时,薄膜拉伸强度约为2.06 MPa,断裂伸长率可达1278%,弹性模量约为0.22 MPa。薄膜水蒸气透过性能为~163g/(m2·24h),氧透系数达2.87×10-8(cm3·cm)/(cm2·s·Pa)。此外纳米银释放含量低,但具有有效的抑菌性,对细胞、动物组织没有明显的生长抑制作用。     

凝胶浇注成型制备致密 SiC陶瓷材料

采用一种凝胶浇注成型预配液作为陶瓷粉体的分散介质,将亚微米级SiC粉体和烧结助剂Y2O3、Al2O3直接混合,制得了固含量>50vol％的凝胶浇注浆料,在100s-1的剪切速率下,浆料粘度<1Pa·s,可以顺利实现凝胶浇注成型;对得到的SiC素坯进行了无压烧结．在2000℃保温1h(氩气氛)的烧结条件下,烧结体相对密度为(98．1±0．2)％,抗折强度、硬度和韧性分别为(722±70)MPa、(20．18±0．75)GPa、(4．00±0．20)MPa·m1／2．     

Use of an insulating mask for controlling anisotropy in multilayer electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering

Tissue engineering of various musculoskeletal or cardiovascular tissues requires scaffolds with controllable mechanical anisotropy. However, native tissues also exhibit significant inhomogeneity in their mechanical properties, and the principal axes of anisotropy may vary with site or depth from the tissue surface. Thus, techniques to produce multilayered biomaterial scaffolds with controllable anisotropy may provide improved biomimetic properties for functional tissue replacements. In this study, poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were electrospun onto a collecting electrode that was partially covered by rectangular or square shaped insulating masks. The use of a rectangular mask resulted in aligned scaffolds that were significantly stiffer in tension in the axial direction than the transverse direction at 0 strain (22.9 ± 1.3 MPa axial, 16.1 ± 0.9 MPa transverse), and at 0.1 strain (4.8 ± 0.3 MPa axial, 3.5 ± 0.2 MPa transverse). The unaligned scaffolds, produced using a square mask, did not show this anisotropy, with similar stiffness in the axial and transverse directions at 0 strain (19.7 ± 1.4 MPa axial, 20.8 ± 1.3 MPa transverse) and 0.1 strain (4.4 ± 0.2 MPa axial, 4.6 ± 0.3 MPa, transverse). Aligned scaffolds also induced alignment of adipose stem cells near the expected axis on aligned scaffolds (0.015 ± 0.056 rad), while on the unaligned scaffolds, their orientation showed more variation and was not along the expected axis (1.005 ± 0.225 rad). This method provides a novel means of creating multilayered electrospun scaffolds with controlled anisotropy for each layer, potentially providing a means to mimic the complex mechanical properties of various native tissues.     

Surface Modification of an Alumina‐Based Bioceramic for Cement Application

Biograde zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) has found wide application in load bearing endoprosthetic implants due to high strength, fracture toughness, and wear resistance. In order to enhance bonding to acrylic bone cement (BC) for implants, fixation modification of ZTA with a thin layer of porous anodic alumina (PAA) was investigated. An Al‐layer of approximately 500 nm was sputtered on the ZTA substrate which subsequently was electrochemically oxidized by anodic polarization in H₂C₂O₄ or H₃PO₄ solution. PAA layers with a total porosity ranging from 11 to 30%, mean pore spacing of 90–200 nm and pore diameters of 30–110 nm were prepared. Compared to unmodified ZTA/BC interface (≈ 30 MPa), the PAA modified specimens (ZTA/PAA/BC) achieved a significantly higher interface bonding strength (≈ 60 MPa) measured by four point bending on composite beam specimens. While crack propagation in the unmodified ZTA/BC specimen was found to proceed along the interface, fracture analysis on the ZTA/PAA/BC specimens showed a mixed mode fracture with part of the fracture propagation localized along the PAA/BC interface and part through BC. Thus, pore structure controlled mechanical interlocking is expected to offer a high potential for applying PAA surface modification to improve biomaterial to BC bonding.     

PTMSP及其共聚物膜对有机液/水体系的PV分离

制备了聚三甲基硅丙炔均聚物 (PTMSP) .研究了PTMSP均质膜 ,三甲基硅丙炔(TMSP)与五甲基二硅丙炔 (PMDSP)共聚物膜对含少量有机溶剂水溶液的渗透汽化 (PV )特性 .所选用的有机溶剂包括乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等 .从膜的溶胀特性、溶解度系数及扩散系数的测定结果 ,分析了膜材质的结构与PV特性之间的关系 .     

快速凝固天然橡胶的结构和性能的研究

采用硬脂酸、异辛醇以及羟丙基甲基纤维素作为辅助剂制备了快速凝固天然橡胶,并对凝固后天然生胶的结构、加工性能、热稳定性和力学性能进行研究。研究表明快速凝固橡胶的蛋白质含量增加。与乙酸凝固相比,快速凝固天然橡胶具有更高的热稳定性、较低的损耗因子。同时,快速凝固天然橡胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度相对乙酸凝固天然橡胶分别由18.0 MPa与28.9 kN·m~(-1)提高到21.1 MPa和35.5 kN·m~(-1),交联密度由4.39×10~5 mol/cm~3提高到5.09×10~5 mol/cm~3。     

电纺制备聚丙烯腈/聚偏氟乙烯复合纤维膜及其空气过滤性能

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为芯层,聚丙烯腈(PAN)为皮层,通过同轴法静电纺丝技术制备PAN/PVDF纳米复合纤维膜。通过向纤维膜的皮层中加入纳米硅粉、气相白炭黑、硅溶胶三种不同的纳米粒子和改变皮芯层溶液挤出速度对PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜进行结构优化。同时,采用BET、SEM、水接触角、纤维强度仪等对纤维膜的孔结构参数、表面形貌、亲水性、力学性能等进行研究。结果表明:在皮层中加入硅溶胶后的溶液导电能力达到32.90 μL/cm,PAN/PVDF纤维膜力学性能最好,纵向断裂强度达到13.02 MPa。含有硅溶胶的口罩布的品质因子达到0.0236,远大于纯聚丙烯(PP)无纺布的品质因子(0.0127),过滤性显著提高。      

Hierarchical composites reinforced with robust short sisal fibre preforms utilising bacterial cellulose as binder

A novel robust non-woven sisal fibre preform was manufactured using a papermaking process utilising nanosized bacterial cellulose (BC) as binder for the sisal fibres. It was found that BC provides significant mechanical strength to the sisal fibre preforms. This can be attributed to the high stiffness and strength of the BC network. Truly green non-woven fibre preform reinforced hierarchical composites were prepared by infusing the fibre preforms with acrylated epoxidised soybean oil (AESO) using vacuum assisted resin infusion, followed by thermal curing. Both the tensile and flexural properties of the hierarchical composites showed significant improvements over polyAESO and neat sisal fibre preform reinforced polyAESO. These results were corroborated by the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the (hierarchical) composites, which showed an increased storage modulus and enhanced fibre–matrix stress transfer. Micromechanical modelling was also performed on the (hierarchical) composites. By using BC as binder for short sisal fibres, added benefits such as the high Young’s modulus of BC, enhanced fibre–fibre and fibre–matrix stress transfer can be utilised in the resulting hierarchical composites.     

Required optical characteristics of materials for phase-shifting masks

The reflectivity and transmission of a multiple-layer substrate are simulated to predict the optimum choice of materials for the fabrication of phase-shifting masks for optical lithography. Two types of materials are described: a transparent shifter layer with a refractive index closely matching that of quartz, and a partially transparent layer (5-15% transmission) inducing a 180° phase shift of light compared with air. A possible refractive index n and extinction coefficient k are defined, for both layers of the partially transparent material. The fabrication tolerances are calculated in terms of refractive index, extinction coefficient, and thickness accuracy. One of the major technological challenges for both material types is to control the thickness to ±2%, which is required to satisfy the phase-shifting mask specifications for deep UV lithography (±0.5% transmission control and ±4° phase control). These criteria were calculated by the simulation of the phase and transmission errors, thereby inducing a ±10% linewidth variation of the resist patterns on the wafers.     

Development of two alginate-based wound dressings

Two types of new alginate-based wound dressings, Type-AP and Type-AE, were fabricated by the EDC-activated crosslinking of alginate with Polyethyleneimine and Ethylenediamine, respectively. As compared with the commercial non-woven wound dressing, Kaltostat, both Type-AP and Type-AE dressings had higher degradation temperature, lower calcium content, and a sponge-like macroporous structure. In addition, these two alginate-based dressings had higher mechanical stress (12.37 +/- 1.72 and 6.87 +/- 0.5 MPa for Type-AP and -AE, respectively) and higher water vapor transmission rates (both about 3,500 g/m2/day) than Kaltostat (0.87 +/- 0.12 MPa and 2,538 g/m2/day). Fibroblasts proliferated faster on these two newly developed wound dressings at a higher rate as compared with that on Kalostat dressing. The results of animal study showed that the wounds treated with either Type-AP or Type-AE dressings healed faster than Kaltostat with less encapsulation of residuals by fibrous tissue and more neo-capillary formation. These two newly developed Type-AP and Type-AE porous wound dressings thus have great potential for clinical applications.     

树脂基多孔碳孔结构对Cf/SiC复合材料连接性能的影响

连接技术是实现大尺寸以及复杂构型C_f/SiC复合材料制备及工程化应用的关键技术。本工作使用酚醛树脂作为碳源, 通过反应连接法实现了C_f/SiC复合材料的稳定连接, 研究了多孔碳坯的体积密度和孔径对接头连接性能和微观结构的影响, 讨论了惰性填料含量对接头连接性能和显微组织的影响。研究表明: 树脂基多孔碳素坯的体积密度和孔径分别选定在0.71~0.90 g·cm^-3和200~600 nm比较合适, 随着多孔碳素坯孔径增加, 游离硅尺寸逐渐增大; 当孔径为190 nm时, 连接件强度最大为(125±12) MPa。添加SiC惰性填料可以明显减小多孔碳素坯的体积收缩, 当SiC惰性填料质量分数为50%时, 连接件强度最高达到(216±44) MPa, 基本与基体材料强度相当。总体而言, 本研究为实现C_f/SiC复合材料稳定连接提供了理论指导, 对实现复杂形状或大型C_f/SiC复合材料的制备和工程应用具有重要意义。     

壳聚糖浓度对改性无纺布草莓包装保鲜效果的影响

以质量分数为1.0%,1.5%和2.0%的壳聚糖保鲜液对定量为12.7 g/m2的无纺布进行改性,研究不同质量分数壳聚糖改性的无纺布包装对草莓保鲜效果的影响。研究结果表明,在室温条件下,改性无纺布对草莓的保鲜效果均优于未改性无纺布的,其中,以质量分数为1.5%的壳聚糖保鲜液改性无纺布包装的草莓,其保鲜效果最好,在储藏期内,其感官变化较小,失重率较低,储藏3 d后的硬度为0.95 kg/cm2,色差平均值为6.995 NBS,可溶性固形物含量在贮藏后期呈现出上升趋势。