Contribution to the study of avocado honeys by their mineral contents using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Avocado honey samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric. First, the botanical origin of the honeys was confirmed by melissopalynological analysis. Twenty-four minerals were quantified for each honey sample. The elements Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Si and Zn were detected in all samples; seven elements were very abundant (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Si), six were not abundant (Al, Cu, Fe, Li and Zn) and 11 were trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mo, Pb, Se, Sr and V).     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定江西脐橙中多种微量元素

采用硝酸-高氯酸对江西赣南8个县所产的脐橙样品进行消解,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定试样中Al、As、Ba、B、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni、P、Pb、Zn、Be、Cd、Se、Sr、La、Ce、Y、Sm、Lu等元素的含量。该法的相对标准偏差为0.42%～4.51%,加标回收率为87.7%～114.1%。实验结果表明:脐橙中含有丰富的K、Ca、P和Mg,不同县所产的脐橙各种微量元素含量存在一定差异。     

Simultaneous Determination of 20 Inorganic Elements in Preserved Egg Prepared with Different Metal Ions by ICP-AES

In the present study, 20 inorganic elements in three parts of preserved eggs prepared with different metal ions, including Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, Zn, Se, and Sr, were determined simultaneously by using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The recoveries obtained by the standard addition method ranged between 84.4 and 112.2 %, and RSDs were lower than 8.76 %, The detection limits of the method for the 20 elements were in the range of 0.4–10 μg?L^?1. The determination results showed that three parts of preserved eggs prepared with different metal ions are all rich in essential inorganic elements, such as Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn, and the contents of most of the inorganic elements in egg yolk are higher than in egg white. In comparison with fresh duck eggs, the contents of Na, Cu, Fe, Al, and Mn are significantly increased in three parts of preserved eggs prepared with different metal ions. Metal ions added in pickling solution would significantly affect the content of element added in preserved eggs. High contents of Pb (20.15 μg/g in egg shell, 18.99 μg/g in egg white, and 0.96 μg/g in egg yolk) were found in preserved eggs with PbO. Meanwhile, the experimental results indicated that the ICP-AES technique is easy to operate, rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive to determine many inorganic elements simultaneously in preserved egg.     

ICP-OES法分析测定大红袍花椒中的矿质元素

经湿法微波消解制样,利用全谱直读电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对大红袍花椒中的矿质元素进行全面详细的分析测定。测定结果表明,花椒中含有K、Ca、P、Mg、S、Al、Fe、Sr、Na、Mn、B、Zn、Ba、Cu、Ti、Cr等16种矿质元素,常量矿质元素中钾和钙的含量较高,微量元素中,铝、铁、锶、锰、硼含量丰富。分析方法回收率在90.1%～109.1%之间,测定结果相对标准偏差在0.55%～8.95%之间。该方法简单、快速、可靠、灵敏度高,且多元素可同时测定,能满足实际样品分析要求。分析结果可为花椒的相关研究提供参考。     

百香果中矿物元素分析

采用高压密封硝化罐消解样品,应用ICP-AES 法测定百香果果汁、果皮、种仁中20 种矿物元素 (Na、K 、C a 、Mg、Z n 、F e 、S r 、Cu 、Co 、Mn、Ge 、S e 、S n 、B a 、A l 、P b 、Hg、As 、C r 、Cd) 的含量,设计正交试验方案,通过方差分析选择最佳的试验操作条件,其回收率在95.0%～104.0% 之间,相对标准偏差小于2.15%。实验结果表明：百香果果汁、果皮、种仁中均含有丰富的Na、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Ge等对人体有益的矿物元素,而对人体有害的元素均未检出,营养价值高,极具开发价值。     

绿豆、红小豆和黑豆种皮18 种元素分析

为全面了解绿豆皮、红小豆皮和黑豆皮的18 种元素含量,充分开发利用豆皮资源,提高豆类加工产品
的附加值,用元素分析（elemental analyzer,EA）仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（inductively coupled plasmaatomic
emission spectrometer,ICP-AES）仪测定了3 种豆皮的N、C、S、Ca、Mg、K、P、Na、B、Ba、Co、
Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn和Sr元素含量。结果表明,EA仪测定豆皮中N、C和S方法检出限为32～96 μg/g,回收
率为97%～115%,相对标准偏差为0.20%～2.63%（n=5）;ICP-AES测定豆皮中Ca、Mg、K、P、Na、B、Ba、
Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn和Sr元素方法检出限为0.02～152 μg/g,回收率为84%～118%,相对标准偏差为
0.44%～4.46%（n=5）。黄豆标准物N、Mg、P、B、Ba、Co、Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn和Sr元素测定值在推荐范围内,
S、Ca、K、Na、Cu和Fe元素测定值接近推荐值。分析方法快速、简便,达到了应用的要求。     

ICP-MS法同时测定辣木籽中22种无机元素及主成分分析和聚类分析

目的:建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定辣木籽中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb 22种无机元素,确定辣木籽中无机元素的含量及其分布特征。方法:采集红河州元阳、红河州红河、红河州开远、楚雄州元谋、德宏州芒市、楚雄州双柏、昭通市巧家、昆明市东川、玉溪市元江、丽江市华坪10个产地样品,经微波消解,采用ICP-MS测定上述元素,从元素组学的角度建立无机元素指纹图谱,并用SPSS聚类分析和主成分分析评价其特征元素。结果:各元素线性关系良好（r>0.999）,检测限0.04~78.44 μg/L,精密度符合规定（RSD<5%）,各元素加样回收率80.13%~113.66%（RSD<10%）;不同产地的辣木籽中均含有较丰富的对人体有益的无机元素,较低的有害元素;主成分分析选出4个主因子,得出特征无机元素为Zn、Ca、Cu、Fe、Cr、Ba、Al;聚类分析聚为二大类,说明无机元素的含量与环境、地域等因素具有相关性。结论:ICP-MS法可用于辣木籽22种无机元素的测定,主成分分析法和聚类分析法可对辣木籽的品质进行评价,为辣木籽的开发利用提供研究基础。     

红茂草中氨基酸组分及矿物质元素含量的测定

以我国西部地区特色野生药用植物红茂草为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱仪和原子吸收分光光度计测定了红茂草中氨基酸组成和矿物质元素的含量。结果表明,红茂草中至少含有17种氨基酸,其中有7种人体必需氨基酸,种类较为齐全,氨基酸总量为花＞果＞叶＞茎＞根＞荚;对红茂草试样中的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Li、Sr、Al、Pb、Se、Hg等19种矿物质金属元素进行了测定,发现K含量最高,Ca、Mg、Al三种含量仅次于K元素,对于单个植株K含量而言,花＞茎＞根＞叶＞豆荚＞全草＞果。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定巧克力中的18种元素

采用微波消解处理巧克力样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定Na、Mg、P、K、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Pb等18种微量元素的分析方法。样品采用HNO3+H2O2混合酸微波辅助消解,优化了仪器的最佳条件。通过添加标准液进行加标回收,结果表明,所有待测元素的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于4.60%,回收率在89.60%～106.12%之间。该法准确度高,精密好,并能同时进行多种元素测定等优点,完全能满足样品测定要求,可为巧克力中无机元素的快速检测提供科学依据。      

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF MEDLAR (MESPILUS GERMANICA) FRUIT AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURITY

Abstract The mineral composition of medlar fruit collected (June 15 - October 8) in Turkey at five stages of development was studied. In the fruit, 32 minerals were analyzed and 16 minerals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Co, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Sr, Ti and Zn) were present at detectable levels. The ripe medlar fruit was richest in potassium (7370 μg/g dry wt), calcium (1780 μg/g dry wt), phosphorus (1080 μg/g dry wt), magnesium (661 μg/g dry wt) and sodium (183 μg/g dry wt). During the fruit development, Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, P, Sr, and Zn were highest in August (unripe fruits) while the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Cu gradually decreased throughout development. The ripe medlar fruit is an important source of nutritionally needed minerals and trace elements, in particular Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn, for human populations in southeastern Europe, Turkey and Iran.     

微波消解ICP-OES测定牛蒡茶中的矿质元素

采用HNO3/H2O2微波消解的制样方法,利用全谱直读电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）对牛蒡茶中的Al、As、Ba、Ca、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Ti、Zn等18种矿质元素进行了测定。结果表明,牛蒡茶中含有人体必需常量元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P和人体必需微量元素Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Ti、Zn,以及人体非必需的微量元素Al、Ba、Sr,而有害元素As、Pb、Cr、Cd均未检出。并建立了一种牛蒡茶中矿质元素的分析测试方法,各元素的回收率均在93.7%¹07%,相对标准偏差在1.31%².31%,检出限低且满足各元素分析要求,此方法具有简捷、快速、准确的特点。      

元素含量分析应用于进口四产区香米产地鉴别

利用元素分析建立四个产地香米的鉴别方法。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和电感耦合等离子体光谱法对来自泰国、越南、柬埔寨、巴基斯坦四个地区的220份香米进行包括钙、铁、钾、镁、锌、硼、铝、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、砷、锶、硒、镉、铯、钡、铅19种元素在内的含量分析。通过判别分析建立判别模型。判别模型自校验交叉校验准确率100%,拥有极高的准确率。     

Trace elements in Pleurotus sajor-caju cultivated on chemithermomechanical pulp for bio-bleaching

Some trace elements were analyzed in Pleurotus Sajor-caju mushroom cultivated on chemithermomechanical pulp. In this experiment, phytohormones, such as 2.4-D and PS A6, were studied at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/100 ml, mixed into the pulp. Determination of mineral elements was done by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer model 1100 B). Sixteen mineral elements were determined in all samples. Cu, Mg, Pb, Na, Ag, Bi, Mn, Ni, Li, Co, Sb, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cr and Al contents of mushrooms, grown on treated pulp, were near control values. K was not present.     

基于无机多元素分析鉴别我国主要进口大米产地

目的利用大米中无机多元素分析数据建立判别模型,实现对4个我国进口大米主要产地的鉴别。方法采用ICP-MS和ICP-OES分析技术,测定了泰国、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、缅甸4个产地的76份大米样本中磷、钾、镁、钙、锌、钠、锰、铁、铷、铜、硼、铝、钼、镍、钡、锶、砷、钛、硒、铬、钴、铯、铅、镉、锂、钒、银、锑、铍、铊、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钪、钇等46种无机元素含量。通过对检测数据进行单因素方差分析、Fisher判别分析,建立了产地判别模型。结果4个产地大米的部分元素存在显著性差异,产地判别模型的原始校验准确率100%,交叉验证准确率96.1%。结论所建方法和判别模型对泰国、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、缅甸所产大米具有很好产地鉴别能力。     

六类蒸馏酒中16种无机元素的测定及主成分分析

利用微波消解法对六类蒸馏酒样品进行前处理，结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对六类蒸馏酒中16种无机元素含量进行测定，研究不同类型蒸馏酒无机元素的分布规律并探讨酒样之间元素差异化原因。结果表明，16种无机元素的检出限为0.009～0.585μg/L，加标回收率为87.70%～109.60%，精密度实验结果的相对标准偏差（RSD）≤5.76%，符合样品检测分析要求。不同类型的蒸馏酒样品中，Mn、Ni、Pb、Cu、Fe、Cr元素含量均低于现有相应限量标准，Na或K平均含量在不同酒样中的占比最大，Al、K、Ca、Fe、Li、B、Ti、Cr、Mn、Cu、Sr、Ba、Pb、Ni元素含量在不同类型酒样中具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。KOM检验和Bartlett球体检验表明，该研究数据适合因子分析法，Li、Ni、B和Mn为六类蒸馏酒中的特征元素。     

Concentrations and bioconcentration factors of minerals in yellow-cracking bolete (xerocomus subtomentosus) mushroom collected in noteć forest, poland

Abstract: Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil were collected from Note? Forest–a large forested enclave in western part of Poland. Mercury was determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy and the other elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. K, P, and Mg were particularly abundant, with mean values of 46000, 8400, and 1100 mg/kg dry weight (dw) in caps followed by Na, Rb, Zn, and Ca with mean concentrations of 580, 350, 200, and 170 mg/kg dw, respectively. In descending order, the mean concentrations of Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn were 52, 49, 46, and 14 mg/kg dw, while the mean for the remaining elements was around 1.0 mg/kg dw or less. The elements such as Ca, Cu, Hg, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Ni were accumulated (with bioconcentration factor (BCF) > 1), while Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Sr, Co, Cr, and Pb were excluded (BCF < 1) in the fruiting bodies. The Pb and Cd content did not exceed the maximum levels set by the EU for cultivated mushrooms. Mercury in a conventional meal (300 g) portion of Yellow‐cracking Bolete was far below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake of 0.004 mg/kg body weight (bw) as reevaluated recently by WHO. Practical Application: The method presented in this study allows one to determine the content of 20 elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn) in caps and stipes of Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil samples collected from Poland. This study has revealed that the total Cd, Hg, and Pb dose provided to human body due to consumption of Yellow‐cracking Bolete does not pose threat to a consumer's health.     

Minor and trace elements in different honey types produced in Siena County (Italy)

The concentrations of 23 chemical elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Th, Tl, U, Zn) were determined in 51 honey samples of different botanical origin produced in Siena County (Italy). K, Ca, Na and Mg were the most abundant elements, with mean contents of 1195, 257, 96.6 and 56.7 mg/kg, respectively. The Fe, Zn and Sr contents generally ranged from 1 to 5 mg/kg. Except for Ba, Cu, Mn and Ni, the trace element contents were below 100 μg/kg. The analytical data indicated a good level of quality of the honeys, especially with regard to the concentrations of toxic trace elements, such as As, Cd, Pb and Sb, and suggested a significant influence of the botanical origin on the element composition. Some local geological and geochemical features also seemed to affect the chemistry of the honey.     

ICP-MS法测定云南野生茯苓中矿质元素含量

建立微波消解电感耦合等离体质谱（inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法测定云南野生茯苓中Li、Mg、K、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Rb、Sr、Cs、Pb 15 种矿质元素的分析方法,研究云南野生茯苓中矿质元素的含量分布特征。使用ICP-MS法对采集自云南省28 个地区野生茯苓样品中15 种矿质元素进行定量分析,并采用SPSS进行主成分分析,相关性分析和聚类分析对测定结果进行评价。结果显示,元素线性回归方程的相关系数r均大于0.999 0,15 种测定元素均在推荐值（真实值）范围内,其相对标准偏差均小于8%,表明该方法具有较好的准确度和精密度,适用于云南野生茯苓中矿质元素的测定。所测试野生茯苓中含有丰富的矿质元素,其中Ca（925.79 μg/g）、K（370.42 μg/g）、Mg（115.20 μg/g）和Fe（115.80 μg/g）的含量较高,有毒重金属As（0.04 μg/g）和Pb（0.20 μg/g）的含量均未超出GB 2672-2012《食品中污染物限量》及联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织关于有毒重金属限量标准。主成分分析结果显示前4 个主成分可以解释全部变量信息的77.55%,得出云南野生茯苓的特征元素为V、Fe、Li、As、Cs、Cr、Pb、Sr、Ca、Mn。聚类分析将所测元素分为3 类,其中Fe、V、Li、Cs、As、Cr、Pb聚为一类,K、Rb、Zn、Mg、Cu、Mn聚为一类,Ca、Sr聚为一类,元素之间的相关性和聚类分析结果与主成分分析的结果一致。不同产地茯苓样品的聚类分析结果表明,样品中矿质元素均存在很大差异,这可能是野生茯苓样品中矿质元素含量受云南地形地貌,气候特征影响较大。     

微波消解ICPOES法测定旱芹与西芹中的21种矿物元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）法测定旱芹与西芹中的21种矿物元素的分析方法。利用HNO3+H2O2湿法微波消解制样,应用全谱直读ICP-OES对咸阳市售旱芹与西芹中的Na、K、Ca、S、P、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Zn、Sr、Mn、B、V、Ba、Cu、Ga、Cr、Ti、Cd、Pb等21种矿物元素进行了测定。结果表明,各待测元素的检出限为1.0⁴40μg/L,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.11%¹0.7%之间,标准样品回收率测定在89.0%¹09.6%之间。实验结果可为芹菜的应用研究提供基础数据。      

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定虾皮中28种元素

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定虾皮中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、P、Li、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、As、Rb、Sr、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Pb、Ba、Ga、Cs、Ti、Bi 28种元素含量的分析方法。方法采用硝酸-过氧化氢消解体系,通过在线加入Ge、Rh、Re内标进行基体效应校正,碰撞反应池模式(kinetic energy discrimination,KED)消除多原子离子干扰,以国家标准物质大虾(GBW 10050)为研究对象,验证方法准确度。结果方法检出限为0.001-0.681 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSD)为0.6%~8.2%,各元素标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数r²大于0.999,样品回收率为87.4%~110.0%。虾皮中常量元素K、Na、Ca、Mg等含量较高,Pb、Cd、Cr等重金属元素含量较低,Al、As需根据其存在形态评估可能存在的健康安全风险。结论该方法准确高效,灵敏度高,可应用于虾皮样品分析。