1，4-二甲基哌嗪制备1-甲基哌嗪的工艺研究

1,4-二甲基哌嗪是合成1-甲基哌嗪时的主要副产物,其应用价值有限。在雷尼镍催化下,1,4-二甲基哌嗪与氨水发生甲基交换反应,以中等收率得到卜甲基哌嗪。     

1-（3-氯-2-甲基苯基）哌嗪盐酸盐的合成研究

目的：研究1-（3-氯-2-甲基苯基）哌嗪盐酸盐的最佳合成工艺。方法：以二乙醇胺为起始原料，经SOCL2氯代合成β，β’一二氯代二乙基胺盐酸盐，然后在碳酸钠的作用下与3-氯-2-甲基苯胺经环合反应合成目标化合物．并通过正交实验筛选最佳工艺条件。结果：通过正交实验筛选得到1-（3-氯-2-甲基苯基）哌嗪盐酸盐的最佳合成工艺条件，其结构经^1HNMR及IR表征，产率为63．2％。结论：该目标化合物的合成路线简单易操作，且得到较高的产率适合工业生产。     

1-叔丁氧羰基-4-(4,5-二氨基-3-甲基苯基)哌嗪的合成研究

以碘化亚铜为催化剂、乙二醇为催化剂配体、磷酸钾为碱性介质、异丙醇为溶剂,4-碘-2-甲基-6-硝基苯胺经一步氨基化反应得到了1-叔丁氧羰基-4-(4-氨基-3-甲基-5-硝基苯基)哌嗪,产率约为52%,并通过ESI-LC1、HNMR和元素分析对其进行了表征;该化合物再进一步还原得到1-叔丁氧羰基-4-(4,5-二氨基-3-甲基苯基)哌嗪。该反应步骤少、路线短、收率高、成本低、条件温和。     

盐酸鲁拉西酮有关物质的合成研究

采用3-(1-哌嗪基)-1,2-苯并异噻唑为起始原料,经取代、酯交换反应合成了3个盐酸鲁拉西酮的有关物质:(1R,2R)-环己烷-1,2-二基双(亚甲基)双(4-(苯并[d]异噻唑-3-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(简称鲁拉西酮杂质A)、((1R,2R)-2-(((3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-1,3-二氧代六氢-1H-4-4,7-亚甲基异吲哚-2(3H)-基)甲基环己基)环己基)甲基4-(苯并[d]异噻唑-3-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(简称鲁拉西酮杂质B)、((1R,2R)-2-((4-(苯并[d]异噻唑-3-基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基环己基)环己基)甲基4-(苯并[d]异噻唑-3-基)哌嗪-1-羧酸酯(简称鲁拉西酮杂质C),并经MS和~1HNMR确证了其结构。     

奈妥吡坦药物的中间体合成工艺优化

以N-叔丁基-6-氯烟酰胺(化合物2)为原料,经1,4-加成与氧化、缩合、N-去烷基化、Hofmann重排反应,采用叠缩工艺合成了(6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-(邻甲苯)吡啶-3-基)氨基甲酸甲酯(化合物1)。化合物2与邻甲苯基氯化镁反应后,经I2氧化生成N-叔丁基-6-氯-4-邻甲苯基烟酰胺(化合物3)。化合物3与N-甲基哌嗪发生缩合反应得到N-叔丁基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-邻甲苯基烟酰胺(化合物4)。在MeSO3H作用下,化合物4发生去烷基化反应得到6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-(邻甲苯基)烟酰胺(化合物5)。在KOH/MeOH溶液中,化合物5与PhI(OAc)2发生Hofmann重排反应生成化合物1,总收率达到67.4%。     

奥氮平合成工艺研究

2-甲基-10-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪)-4H-噻吩并[2,3-b][1,5]苯并二氮杂卓(即奥氮平)的合成过程中,4-氨基-2-甲基-10H-噻吩并[2,3-b][1,5]苯并二氮杂·盐酸盐与N-甲基哌嗪缩合反应,所用溶剂为高沸点溶剂DMSO/Toluene,不易回收,所得奥氮平不易提纯,且污染环境,本论文首次以易于回收的乙醇为反应溶剂,通过加水搅拌析晶等,得到纯度较高的奥氮平成品,避免了使用高沸点溶剂,且溶剂易于回收,缩短了反应时间,大大提高了该产品的生产成本。     

抗心绞痛药雷诺嗪的合成

以2,6-二甲苯胺与氯乙酰氯反应制得酰胺,再与无水哌嗪缩合得到N-（2,6-二甲苯基）-2-（1-哌嗪基）乙酰胺,其与由邻甲氧基苯酚和环氧氯丙烷反应得到的2-（2-甲氧苯氧基甲基）环氧乙烷反应。通过酰化、缩合、环加成、成盐等4步反应合成产品雷诺嗪。     

医药中间体4-[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)羰基]苯胺的合成研究

以氮甲基哌嗪为原料,经对硝基苯甲酰氯酰化和硝基Fe粉还原两步反应合成了医药中间体4-[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)羰基]苯胺,并通过单因素实验优化合成工艺.酰化反应:溶剂为CH2Cl2,缚酸剂为K2CO3,收率95.67％.还原反应用NH4Cl活化后的Fe粉为还原剂,投料比为n(4-[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)羰基]硝基苯)...     

单烷基取代苯基哌嗪衍生物的合成

单烷基取代苯基哌嗪衍生物是合成苯基哌嗪类化合物的重要中间体。以二乙醇胺为起始原料,在10℃滴加氯化亚砜,室温反应1 h,再于60℃反应5 h,经氯代反应制得β,β′-二氯代二乙胺盐酸盐,然后分别与2-甲基苯胺、4-叔丁基苯胺、4-甲基苯胺在130℃反应50 h,得2-甲基苯基哌嗪盐酸盐、4-叔丁基苯基哌嗪盐酸盐、4-甲基苯基哌嗪盐酸盐3个目标化合物,收率分别为78%、61%、67%。其结构经1HNMR、13CNMR、MS证实与目标化合物的结构一致。     

含哌嗪类化合物的合成与研究

以对羟基苯甲酸乙酯为起始原料,合成了新化合物4-[2-羟基-3-(N-甲基-4-哌嗪)丙氧基]苯甲酸及4-[2-(N-甲基-4-哌嗪)乙氧基]苯甲酸。产品结构经1HNMR、元素分析进行表征。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.