SA-Zn水凝胶的性能特点及应用

水凝胶可以用于组织工程的支架、药物输送的载体,光学和流体学的致动器,以及用于生物学研究的细胞外基质模型.其中,可伸缩离子导电水凝胶由于其特性,在运动监测仪器中广泛运用.本文主要综述了一种超拉伸可回收离子导电水凝胶SA-Zn的结构与特性和SA-Zn水凝胶的机械性能以及作为传感器在人体运动检测的应用.     

专利文摘

由加入基质树脂的导电材料制造的键致动机构和开关器件由加入基质树脂的导电材料形成的键致动机构和其它开关器件。该导电材料包括在基质树脂主体中的微导电粉末、导电纤维或微导电粉末和导电纤维的组合。导电粉末、导电纤维或导电粉末和导电纤维的组合物与基质树脂主体的质量比为02到04。微导电粉末由如碳、石墨的非金属构成,也可以镀覆金属,或由如不锈钢、镍、铜、银构成,也可镀覆金属;或由镀覆的非金属与金属粉末的组合构成。微导电纤维优选为镀镍的碳纤维,不锈钢纤维、铜纤维、银纤维或类似物。该导电材料的键致动机构和其它开…     

专利文摘

玻璃拉制工艺中主动的边缘滚轮控制 专利申请号：CN201180005456．1 公开号：CN102811961A 申请日：2011．01．07 公开日：2012．12．05 申请人：美国康宁股份有限公司 一种用于拉制玻璃带的装置，包括边缘滚轮组件，该边缘滚轮组件以由致动器动态改变的力接触该玻璃带，该致动器电联接至传感器，该传感器测量向该带施加的力。边缘滚轧力的动态或实时变化使得该玻璃带中的应力可变性最小化，并改善了带形状控制。     

基于PVDF的具有多重刺激响应的螺旋纤维致动器

采用Fe3O4改性的石墨烯和PVDF湿法纺丝并加捻制备螺旋纤维致动器,探究了不同的外部环境刺激(红外光、丙酮溶液、磁场)下,螺旋纤维致动器的刺激响应性。结果表明:螺旋纤维致动器对红外光、丙酮溶液、磁场的刺激都具有很好的刺激响应性,并且响应致动效果可多次循环重复。     

API新标准推介ANSI/API 6DX管道阀门用致动器及安装配件尺寸选择

<正>本国际标准规定了阀门致动器的机械完整性和尺寸选择的要求,该致动器适用于按照ISO14313及API Spec6D生产的阀门。本国际标准适用于安装在管道阀门上的各种电动、气动及液动的致动器,包括安装配件。本国际标准不适用于与下列装置配合使用的致动器:控制阀门、调压阀门、水下作业用阀门、手持式动力仪器、单独使用的手动变速箱、仪器管路和相关配     

嵌入形状记忆聚合物的柔性致动器仿真及性能测试

柔性致动器是软体机器人的关键部件,其发展很大程度上依赖于智能材料的研发。针对于现有的柔性致动器刚度不可变的缺陷,通过嵌入形状记忆聚合物为其提供了一种刚度调节方式。详细介绍了形状记忆聚合物的加工过程和性能表征方法,并通过ABAQUS仿真和样机测试对形状记忆聚合物嵌入后的致动器进行可行性验证与性能分析。这也为变刚度操作型软体机器人提供了一种新思路。     

导电橡胶及其应用

介绍橡胶的导电机理、影响橡胶导电性能的因素以及导电橡胶的分类和应用.橡胶的导电机理主要有宏观渗流理论即导电通路机理、微观量子力学隧道效应和微观量子力学场致发射效应.导电填料品种和用量决定了橡胶的导电性能,配方其它因素对橡胶导电性能也有影响.导电橡胶主要用于防过电流/过热元件、开关、传感器、导电橡胶条、导电橡胶板和防静电鞋底等.     

薄膜压电性能的测量方法

压电薄膜在微传感器和微致动器方面的应用日益受到重视.薄膜压电性能的测量方法与体材相比有很大不同.本文介绍了几种测量薄膜压电特性的方法,包括:激光干涉仪法,扫描探针显微镜法,垂直加载法等,并比较了这些方法的优缺点.对已有的测量结果进行了简要分析.     

快离子导体陶瓷的制备与应用

综述了快离子导体陶瓷的制备方法及应用领域。快离子导体有特殊的电子结构 ,从而使其具有优异的导电性能 ,且它们对环境无污染 ,因此在多方面得到应用 ,涉及电动车辆、燃料电池、电致变色材料、高温传感器材料、气敏传感器材料、电显色器及离子选择电极等领域。介绍了快离子导体的制备方法 ,如高温固相烧结法、水热法、溶胶—凝胶法、化学气相沉积法、射频溅射沉积法和激光熔融法等。最后对快离子导体的发展前景做出展望     

智能材料系统与结构的研究进展

智能材料系统与结构的研究是当今材料科学界研究的热点之一,它是控制系统与传统的结构材料或功能材料相结合的产物。本文介绍了智能材料系统与结构的研究现状,对其主要的组成部分—传感器、作动器、控制器、通信网络分别做了详细的描述。具体介绍了各个组成部分的代表性材料,如作为传感器的光纤、压电材料,作为作动器的电（磁） 流变体、形状记忆合金、电（ 磁） 致伸缩材料等,并对这些材料的典型性质与它们在智能材料系统与结构所承担的功能作了详细地说明。同时也介绍了智能材料系统与结构各组成部分的宏观集成与微观集成两种构想。     

Synthesis,characterization and actuation behavior of polyaniline‐coated electroactive paper actuators

This investigation deals with the synthesis, characterization and actuation behavior of conductive polyaniline‐coated electroactive paper actuators. The actuator is made by electrochemical deposition of conductive polyaniline on a cellulose paper. The aim of the investigation was to improve the bending displacement of electroactive paper actuators. The displacement outputs of the actuators show that a trilayer is better than a bilayer configuration. The nature of the dopant ion used in the electro‐generation affects the performance. A change in humidity plays a vital role in actuation performance of the actuators. Comparing the performance of electroactive paper actuators with and without a conductive polyaniline coating, the coating improves the displacement output threefold. Finally, the actuation principle mechanism is addressed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Novel actuators based on polypyrrole/carbide-derived carbon hybrid materials

Polypyrrole (PPy) hybrid films incorporated with porous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) particles are synthesized through a novel one-step electrochemical synthesis process that provides a simple and efficient alternative for current tape-casting and inkjet printing technologies to make conducting polymer–CDC-based electroactive composites. The resulting porous, robust and electrically conductive hybrid layer was used to fabricate electroactive polymer actuators both as perpendicularly expanding actuators and as bending trilayer actuators. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy confirm successful incorporation of CDC in the PPy matrix. Cyclic voltammograms confirm slightly higher charging/discharging currents of the PPyCDC hybrid. This indicates the successful coupling of CDC in order to increase electric double-layer capacitance in the hybrid films. The maximum steady state electromechanical diametrical strain is 13% for hybrid material which is in the same order of magnitude as for PPy and 10× more than previously reported CDC films made with non-conducting polymer binders. Furthermore, the expanding actuators made from hybrid material are more efficient than non-modified PPy actuators, having doubled the amount of swelling per injected charge. This improvement is very important since the low energy efficiency is a major shortcoming for ionic electroactive polymers. The high pseudocapacitance makes these new hybrid materials also interesting for energy storage applications.     

Electroactive phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride): Determination,processing and applications

Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, and its copolymers are the family of polymers with the highest dielectric constant and electroactive response, including piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric effects. The electroactive properties are increasingly important in a wide range of applications such as in biomedicine, energy generation and storage, monitoring and control, and include the development of sensors and actuators, separator and filtration membranes and smart scaffolds, among others. For many of these applications the polymer should be in one of its electroactive phases. This review presents the developments and summarizes the main characteristics of the electroactive phases of PVDF and copolymers, indicates the different processing strategies as well as the way in which the phase content is identified and quantified. Additionally, recent advances in the development of electroactive composites allowing novel effects, such as magnetoelectric responses, and opening new applications areas are presented. Finally, some of the more interesting potential applications and processing challenges are discussed.     

Electroactive polymer blends

The rapid development of two new classes of electrically active polymer materials, electronically conducting and electroactive polymers and ion-conducting polymers respectively, offers new possibilities for application of both classes of material, especially in combination with each other. While some of these combinations have been attempted before, they all met serious problems due to poor interpenetration of the two polymers. The recent availability of solubilized and soluble electroactive and conductive polymers has greatly advanced the possibilities of reducing the interpenetration problem. Some experimental studies using the combination of solubilized electroactive polypyrrole with poly(ethylene oxide) in an electroactive polymer blend electrode for solid-state polymer batteries are discussed. The opportunities for using polymer blends for solid-state electrochemical polymeric devices, and avenues for the development of materials for such devices, are also reviewed.     

Fabrication of an interpenetrated network of carbon nanotubes and electroactive polymers to be used in oligonucletide biosensing

Layers of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT), with different thickness, are built by sequential drop coating of a MWNT-Nafion^® dispersion in ethanol onto glassy carbon substrates. The layers form a 3D conductive network towards the electrochemical reactions of soluble redox couples (Fe^3+/2+) in aqueous solutions. Digital simulation of the electrochemical response suggests that the electron transfer is controlled by finite diffusion of the redox species inside the network. It is possible to create an interpenetrated network of carbon nanotubes and electroactive polymers (poly(hydroxynaphtoquinones)) by electropolymerization in nonaqueous media, which are electroactive in aqueous and nonaqueous media. The electrochemical response, both in cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), is significantly increased. In that way, the sensitivity of sensors (e.g. DNA biosensors based on the change of electroactive polymer response upon hybridization) could be improved.     

The fabrication and characterization of inkjet-printed polyaniline nanoparticle films

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of electrodes modified with conducting polymer nanoparticle films, produced via inkjet printing. The polyaniline nanoparticle formulations were deposited via a desktop inkjet printer onto screen-printed carbon-paste electrodes (SPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and gold-PET and their morphology studied at a range of length scales using profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The deposited films were found to form continuous polymer films depending upon film thickness, which was in turn dependent on the number of prints performed. The inkjet-printed films exhibited a smooth morphology on the SPEs at the micro-dimensional scale, as a result of the aggradation and coalescing of the nanoparticles upon deposition. The resulting modified electrodes were both conductive and electroactive, possessing good reversible polyaniline electrochemistry. Such a combination of materials and processing offers the potential of producing a range of low cost, solid state devices such as sensors, actuators and electrochromic devices.     

Vinylidene fluoride- and trifluoroethylene-containing fluorinated electroactive copolymers. How does chemistry impact properties?

Fluoropolymers are attractive niche polymers used in high added value materials for high-tech applications in aerospace, electronics, coatings, membranes, cables, and the automotive industries. Among them, VDF- and TrFE-based copolymers exhibit remarkable electroactive properties allowing their incorporation into a wide range of devices such as printed memories, sensors, actuators, artificial muscles, and energy storage devices. In a first section, a detailed overview of semi-crystalline poly(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymers and of their ferroelectric (FE) properties from the point of view of polymer chemists is supplied. In addition to the polymer microstructure that may sometimes be controlled or influenced by the synthesis strategies, physical properties such as the phase transitions, and electroactivity are also affected by processing, such as annealing for example, and film thickness for example. Building on the conclusions and understanding obtained from the first section, the effect of the introduction of a termonomer (leading to poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-M) terpolymers) is detailed in a second section of this review. Modifying the terpolymer chain microstructure has a major impact on the crystalline phase of the terpolymers that may result in a relaxor-ferroelectric behavior (RFE). The distribution of the termonomer along the polymer chain, the capacity of the termonomer units to enter the crystal lattice, as well as its dipole moment govern in large part the terpolymer electroactive properties. Poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CFE) and poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) terpolymers appeared to be the best candidates for RFE properties and were thus the most studied. In two following sections, the block or graft architectures of VDF- and TrFE- based copolymers, and the various crosslinking strategies used so far for such copolymers are described. Chemical modification is indeed a very powerful tool to tune electroactive properties of copolymers or to impart additional properties. Finally, in the last section, a few examples of emerging applications for these fluorinated electroactive polymers (EAPs) are briefly discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive report on the use of polymer chemistry as a tool to produce better electroactive fluorinated polymers, and highlights possible opportunities and perspectives for future progress in this field. Research in this interdisciplinary field requires different kinds of expertise, ranging from organic and polymer chemistries, polymer films engineering, physics of semi-crystalline polymers and electroactivity, to the design and fabrication of electronic devices.     

Factors influencing the rate of the electrochemical oxidation of heterocyclic monomers

The influence of several variables on the rate of oxidation of heterocycles to form conductive, electroactive polymers has been considered. It has been shown that the extent to which variables such as electrode size, monomer/counterion concentrations and applied potential influence the rate depends on the monomer and counterion being employed.     

Current trends in redox polymers for energy and medicine

Polymers with redox properties are electroactive macromolecules containing localized sites or groups that can be oxidized (loss of electrons) and reduced (gain of electrons). This review highlights trends in the chemistry, characterization and application of polymers with redox properties. In the first part, we overview the synthetic advances in the design of innovative redox polymers. Special attention is given to state-of-art techniques for the characterization of redox polymers and their important properties are also explained. The last part is devoted to the redox polymers applied in energy and medicine. First, the main redox polymers investigated in energy technologies such as batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, biofuel cells or thermoelectric cells are reviewed. Second, the emerging applications of redox polymers in medicine technologies such as drug delivery, biosensors, actuators or smart surfaces are explained in detail.     

Progress on the morphological control of conductive network in conductive polymer composites and the use as electroactive multifunctional materials

Since the emergence of large aspect ratio and multifunctional conductive fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplates, etc., conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have attracted increasing attention. Although the morphological control of conductive networks in CPCs has been extensively investigated as an important issue for the preparation of high performance CPCs, recent extensive progress has not been systematically addressed in any review. It has been observed that the morphological control of conductive networks during the preparation of CPCs has crucial influence on the electrical properties of these composites. Several methods have been shown to be able to control the network structure, and thus, tune the electrical properties of CPCs, including the use of shear, polymer blends, thermal annealing, mixed filler, latex particle etc. Moreover, many novel and exciting applications have been extensively investigated for CPCs, such as stretchable conductor, electroactive sensors, shape memory materials and thermoelectric materials, etc. Therefore, the morphological control of conductive network in CPCs is reviewed here. Issues regarding morphology characterization methods, morphological control methods, resulted network morphology and electrical properties are discussed. Furthermore, the use of CPCs as electroactive multifunctional materials is also reviewed.