可列m重非齐次马氏链的遍历性与熵率

本文在研究可列m重非齐次马氏链各种遍历性定义的基础上,以转移概率引入可列m重非齐次马氏链绝对平均强遍历性的概念,通过设定可列m重非齐次马氏链满足这种强遍历的充分条件,得出可列m重非齐次马氏链泛函的一个极限定理,并应用此极限定理得到了可列m重非齐次马氏链熵率存在的一个定理。     

关于齐次树指标马氏链的广义熵遍历定理

本文主要研究有限状态齐次树指标Markov链的强大数定律和广义熵遍历定理．熵遍历定理研究的是信息论中信源的渐近均分割性,树指标Markov链是近年来概率论的研究方向之一．首先,参照非齐次Markov链广义熵密度概念,本文给出了树指标Markov链的广义熵密度的定义．然后,通过构造一组期望值为1的随机变量,利用Markov不等式和Borel-Cantelli引理,证明得到了定义在树指标Markov链上一类随机变量的延迟平均的强极限定理．最后,利用上述定理的推论,我们证明得到了Cayley树上有限状态Markov链状态出现次数的延迟平均的强大数定律和广义熵遍历定理．本文的结果是对一些已有结果的推广．     

关于非齐次马氏链的Cesaro平均收敛性

首先证明非齐次马氏链一个Ｃｅｓａｒｏ平均收敛定理，它是Ｂｏｗｅｒｍａｎ等人一个结果的推广，本文利用这个收敛定理给出非齐次马氏链一元泛函的一个极限定理，并讨论这个极限定理在马氏决策过程和信息论中的应用     

关于非齐次马多链的Cesaro平均收敛性

首先证明了齐次马氏链一个Ｃｅｓａｒｏ平均收敛定理，它是Ｂｏｗｅｒｍａｎ等人的一个结果的推广，本文利用这个收敛定理给出非齐次马氏链一元泛函的一个极限定理，并讨论了这个极限定理在马氏决策过程和信息论中的应用。     

非齐次马氏链样本相对熵率存在定理

样本相对熵率是信息论中一个重要的内容,在统计假设检验及编码理论中起着非常重要的作用.本文的目的是要研究在有限状态空间中取值的非齐次马氏链样本相对熵率的存在性.首先将数列绝对平均收敛的定义推广到平面上,并得到平面点列绝对平均收敛的定义及相关引理,然后利用非齐次马氏链二元函数的一类平均极限定理及强大数定律,给出非齐次马氏链样本相对熵率存在的条件.本文将信息论中关于独立同分布随机变量序列的假设检验问题做了更为广泛的推广.     

齐次树指标随机场的一类Shannon—McMillan偏差定理

本文通过齐次树指标任意随机场与马氏链场相比较,研究齐次树上任意随机场用不等式给出的一类Shannon-McMillan极限定理,即随机偏差定理,为进一步研究树图随机场的信息编码提供了理论基础.     

无规则性概念的推广与可列非齐次马氏链的一类极限定理

给出了对可列非齐次马氏链普遍成立的一类极限定理，其中包含我规则性概念的推广。     

二叉树上非齐次分支马氏链一类强极限定理

近年来树图或者树形网络等诸多复杂系统的结构性质与极限性质逐渐成为研究的热点问题,特别是在树指标马尔可夫链领域的研究中,国内外学者们取得了丰富的研究成果.二叉树上非齐次分支马尔可夫链作为一类特殊的树指标马尔可夫链,该模型的极限性质被国内外学者的广泛研讨并应用于生物动力学、信息论等诸多领域.本文致力于研究在有限状态空间空间取值的二叉树上非齐次分支马尔可夫链转移概率调和平均的极限性质以及该性质与树指标马尔可夫链模型之间的联系.首先在新的条件下,本文给出了在有限状态空间中取值的二叉树上非齐次分支马氏链的强极限定理,并进一步得到了其随机转移概率调和平均的强极限定理,最后借助于两类模型之间的等价关系以及平均值不等式,推广了树指标非齐次马氏链随机转移概率的极限定理。     

关于齐次树指标可列马氏链的若干极限性质

研究了齐次树指标可列马氏链的一类强极限定理。作为推论。得到了齐次树指标可列马氏链关于状态和状态序偶出现频率的强大数定律。     

剩余类环或有限域上独立随机变量和的极限分布定理

在密码系统分析和设计中，不引入特征函数仅利用概率性质，分析极限理论以及齐次马尔科夫链有关遍历性理论，给出了剩余类环或有发域上独立随机变量和的极限分布定理，并证明了本文结论的普遍性。     

Survey of Experimental Data of Thermophysical Properties for Difluoromethane (HFC-32)

A survey of experimental data for HFC-32 was prepared at the Institute of Thermomechanics in connection with planned experiments. In tabular form, surveys of thermodynamic, transport, and other property measurements, including pvT behavior, second virial coefficient, vapor pressure, saturation densities, critical parameters, heat capacities, speed of sound, thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, dielectric constant, and dipole moment, are presented. Tables include author)s) name(s), reference, year of publication, ranges of measurements, number of points, stated uncertainty, sample purity, and experimental method.     

Experimental investigation on performance of additive mixed dielectric during micro-electric discharge drilling on 316L stainless steel

This study investigates the impact of machining factors on the performance of additive mixed micro-electric discharge drilling of 316L stainless steel. The effects of three kinds of powder, powder concentration, voltage, capacitance, feed rate, and speed on tool wear rate, material removal rate, taper angle, and overcut (OC) were also investigated. The experimental results show that adding additives to the dielectric enhanced rate of material removal and reduced rate of tool wear significantly. Mixing powder with dielectric increased the length of the sparking, resulting in significant OC, and process performance also improved with the increase in amount of powder added. Further, scanning electron microscopy analysis was carried out to examine the surface characteristics and material migration properties, which confirmed that the properties of the machined surface are indeed significantly improved.     

Thermophysical properties of some key solids: An update

In 1985, the CODATA Bulletin published a Report of its Task Group on Thermophysical Properties of Solids which analyzed available data on, and gave recommended values for, the heat capacity of Cu, Fe, W, and Al₂O₃, the thermal expansion of Cu, Si, W, and Al₂O₃, the electrical resistivity of Cu, Fe, Pt, and W, the thermal conductivity of Al, Cu, Fe, and W, and the absolute thermopower of Pb, Cu, Pt, and W. The analysts for the different properties were R. B. Castanet, S. J. Collocott, P. D. Desai, C. Y. Ho, J. G. Hust, R. B. Roberts, C. A. Swenson, and G. K. White. The present paper is an updated version of the earlier report and includes more recent data which change some of the recommended values. notably the heat capacity of Cu and W and the thermal expansion of Si and W.     

亚稳态球霰石相碳酸钙的调控制备进展

球霰石以其独特的机械、物理和化学性能, 在日用品与生物医学等领域表现出广阔的应用前景。然而在三种无水碳酸钙晶体中, 球霰石的热力学性能最不稳定, 在后续的反应和处理过程中常常转变为更稳定的文石或方解石, 因此如何抑制球霰石向稳定晶型转变一直都是碳酸钙领域研究的热点。本文在概述了球霰石晶体结构、性质、应用及其转化途径的基础上, 以碳酸钙的三种基本制备体系为线索, 综述了碳化法、复分解法、微乳液法和溶剂热法等传统方法以及自组装单分子膜法、仿生合成法和热分解法等一些新型调控制备球霰石相方法的研究进展, 还就利用添加剂促进球霰石形成与稳定的相关机制加以剖析。文章旨在为球霰石相碳酸钙的有效制备提供理论和实践的参考。     

An Approach to Calculate Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures Including Propane, <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Butane,and Isobutane

This paper discusses a mathematical model for computing the thermodynamic properties of propane, n-butane, isobutane, and their mixtures, in the fluid phase using a method based upon statistical chain theory. The constants necessary for computations such as the characteristic temperatures of rotation, electronic state, etc. and the moments of inertia are obtained analytically applying a knowledge of the atomic structure of the molecule. The paper presents a procedure for calculating thermodynamic properties such as pressure, speed of sound, the Joule-Thomson coefficient, compressibility, enthalpy, and thermal expansion coefficient. This paper will discuss, for the first time, the application of statistical chain theory for accurate properties of binary and ternary mixtures including propane, n-butane, and isobutane, in their entire fluid phases. To calculate the thermodynamic properties of Lennard-Jones chains, the Liu-Li-Lu model has been used. The thermodynamic properties of the hydrocarbon mixtures are obtained using the one-fluid theory. Paper presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Theremophysical Properties, June 22–27, 2003, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Nanoparticles embedded into glass matrices: glass nanocomposites

Research on glass nanocomposites (GNCs) has been very active in the past decades. GNCs have attracted — and still do — great interest in the fields of optoelectronics, photonics, sensing, electrochemistry, catalysis, biomedicine, and art. In this review, the potential applications of GNCs in these fields are briefly described to show the reader the possibilities of these materials. The most important synthesis methods of GNCs (melt-quenching, sol-gel, ion implantation, ion-exchange, staining process, spark plasma sintering, radio frequency sputtering, spray pyrolysis, and chemical vapor deposition techniques) are extensively explained. The major aim of this review is to systematize our knowledge about the synthesis of GNCs and to explore the mechanisms of formation and growth of NPs within glass matrices. The size-controlled preparation of NPs within glass matrices, which remains a challenge, is essential for advanced applications. Therefore, a thorough understanding of GNC synthesis techniques is expected to facilitate the preparation of innovative GNCs.     

基于网络青年亚文化的包装年轻化策略

目的 探索如何利用网络青年亚文化来推动包装年轻化。方法 在梳理品牌年轻化、包装年轻化和网络青年亚文化等概念的基础上,结合相关理论和案例,提出包装设计利用网络青年亚文化,来促进包装年轻化的原则和策略。结论 包装年轻化是品牌年轻化的重要手段,可以达到维持品牌年轻形象、改变品牌老旧形象、阻止品牌形象老化等目的。网络青年亚文化有助于促进包装年轻化。包装年轻化策略主要是挖掘包装的文化功能、传播功能和社交功能。网络青年亚文化驱动的包装设计应该遵循匹配性、社交性、娱乐性、创新性等原则。在全面分析品牌内部和外部情况的基础上,企业要不断探索符合自身特点的包装年轻化策略,并持续改进。其中,循序渐进、品牌联合、新品牌、包装延伸和品牌社群等是包装年轻化常见的有效策略。     

Long-term leaching from MSWI air-pollution-control residues: leaching characterization and modeling

Long-term leaching of Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Na, S, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mo, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, P, Cl, and dissolved organic carbon from two different municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) air-pollution-control residues was monitored during 24 months of column percolation experiments; liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 200-250L/kg corresponding to more than 10,000 years in a conventional landfill were reached. Less than 2% of the initially present As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Sb had leached during the course of the experiments. Concentrations of Cd, Fe, Mg, Hg, Mn, Ni, Co, Sn, Ti, and P were generally bellow 1microg/L; overall less than 1% of their mass leached. Column leaching data were further used in a two-step geochemical modeling in PHREEQC in order to (i) identify solubility controlling minerals and (ii) evaluate their interactions in a water-percolated column system over L/S of 250L/kg. Adequate predictions of pH, alkalinity, and the leaching of Ca, S, Al, Si, Ba, and Zn were obtained in a simultaneous calculation. Also, it was suggested that removal of Ca and S together with depletion of several minerals apparently caused dissolution of ettringite-like phases. In turn, significant increase in leaching of oxyanions (especially Sb and Cr) was observed at late stage of leaching experiments.     

Strength, Durability, and Safety of Engineering Systems

The evolution of approaches to the solution of machine dynamics and strength problems on the basis of determining static and dynamic nominal and local stresses of the operating load is discussed. It is shown how the material strength and plasticity characteristics, the cyclic strength characteristics in the high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue regions, the high-temperature long-term strength and creep characteristics, and the linear and nonlinear characteristics of fracture mechanics were sequentially used as the basic criterial parameters of the deformability and strength of structural materials. Particular emphasis was given to the results of studies on machine safety and catastrophe mechanics. Integrated approaches to the solution of strength and safety problems of potentially dangerous facilities (nuclear power stations, spacecraft complexes, aircraft, chemical plants, etc.) by analysis of all stages of their life cycle, including design, manufacture, testing, and operation, are discussed.     

Treating plants as laboratories: A chemical natural history of vegetation in 17th-century England

This paper investigates the emergence, in the second part of the 17th century, of a new body of experimental knowledge dealing with the chemical transformations of water taking place in plants. We call this body of experimental knowledge a “chemical history of vegetation.” We show that this chemical natural history originated, in terms of recipes and methods of investigation, in the works of Francis Bacon and that it was constructed in accordance with Bacon's precepts for putting together natural and experimental histories. Our paper covers a wide array of experimental investigations, carried out by people with different backgrounds, theoretical assumptions, and metaphysical allegiances (Thomas Browne, Robert Sharrock, Robert Boyle, Nehemiah Grew, John Beale, and John Evelyn). We claim that, despite their differences, these naturalists had a lot in common. First, they treated plants as laboratories of chemical investigation. Second, they used the experiments with plants to develop tools, hypotheses, and operational concepts, which travelled from one naturalist to the other, even when their respective explanatory vocabularies were widely different. Third, we show that some of them also manifested an interest in defining and clarifying the limits and structure of this new body of experimental knowledge, displaying, thus, a certain disciplinary unity.