Robust energy-efficient train speed profile optimization in a scenario-based position–time–speed network

Train speed profile optimization is an efficient approach to reducing energy consumption in urban rail transit systems. Different from most existing studies that assume deterministic parameters as model inputs, this paper proposes a robust energy-efficient train speed profile optimization approach by considering the uncertainty of train modeling parameters. Specifically, we first construct a scenario-based position–time–speed (PTS) network by considering resistance parameters as discrete scenario-based random variables. Then, a percentile reliability model is proposed to generate a robust train speed profile, by which the scenario-based energy consumption is less than the model objective value at \alpha confidence level. To solve the model efficiently, we present several algorithms to eliminate the infeasible nodes and arcs in the PTS network and propose a model reformulation strategy to transform the original model into an equivalent linear programming model. Lastly, on the basis of our field test data collected in Beijing metro Yizhuang line, a series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model and analyze the influences of parameter uncertainties on the generated train speed profile.     

Coupling analysis of passenger and train flows for a large-scale urban rail transit system

Coupling analysis of passenger and train flows is an important approach in evaluating and optimizing the operation efficiency of large-scale urban rail transit (URT) systems. This study proposes a passenger–train interaction simulation approach to determine the coupling relationship between passenger and train flows. On the bases of time-varying origin–destination demand, train timetable, and network topology, the proposed approach can restore passenger behaviors in URT systems. Upstream priority, queuing process with first-in-first-serve principle, and capacity constraints are considered in the proposed simulation mechanism. This approach can also obtain each passenger’s complete travel chain, which can be used to analyze (including but not limited to) various indicators discussed in this research to effectively support train schedule optimization and capacity evaluation for urban rail managers. Lastly, the proposed model and its potential application are demonstrated via numerical experiments using real-world data from the Beijing URT system (i.e., rail network with the world’s highest passenger ridership).     

Predictive Control Algorithm for Urban Rail Train Brake Control System Based on T-S Fuzzy Model

Urban rail transit has the advantages of large traffic capacity, high punctuality and zero congestion, and it plays an increasingly important role in modern urban life. Braking system is an important system of urban rail train, which directly affects the performance and safety of train operation and impacts passenger comfort. The braking performance of urban rail trains is directly related to the improvement of train speed and transportation capacity. Also, urban rail transit has the characteristics of high speed, short station distance, frequent starting, and frequent braking. This makes the braking control system constitute a time-varying, time-delaying and nonlinear control system, especially the braking force changes directly disturb the parking accuracy and comfort. To solve these issues, a predictive control algorithm based on T-S fuzzy model was proposed and applied to the train braking control system. Compared with the traditional PID control algorithm and self-adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm, the braking capacity of urban rail train was improved by 8%. The algorithm can achieve fast and accurate synchronous braking, thereby overcoming the dynamic influence of the uncertainty, hysteresis and time-varying factors of the controlled object. Finally, the desired control objectives can be achieved, the system will have superior robustness, stability and comfort.     

Coasting point optimisation for mass rail transit lines using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms

Energy consumption of a rail transit system depends on many parameters. One of the most effective methods of reducing energy consumption in a rail transit system is optimising the speed profile of the trains along the route. A new efficient method will be presented for the optimisation of the coasting points for trains in a global manner. The proposed approach includes realistic system modelling using multi-train, multi-line simulation software and application of artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithms (GA). The simulation software used can model regenerative braking and train performance at low voltages. Using ANN and GA together, optimal coasting points for long line sections covering five stations and two lines are achieved. Simulation software is used for creating training and test data for the ANN. These data are used for training of the ANN. Trained ANNs are then used for estimating energy consumption and travel time for new sets of coasting points. Finally, the outputs of the ANN are optimised to find optimal train coasting points. For this purpose, a fitness function with target travel time, energy consumption and weighting factors is proposed. An interesting observation is that the use of ANN increases the speed of optimisation. The proposed method is used for optimising coasting points for minimum energy consumption for a given travel time on the first 5 km section of Istanbul Aksaray-Airport metro line, where trains operate every 150 s. The section covers five passenger stations, which means four coasting points for each line. It has been demonstrated that an eight input ANNs can be trained with acceptable error margins for such a system.     

轨道交通轮轨噪声机理分析

近年来，随着我国铁路列车提速、快速客运专线的建设、高速铁路以及城市轨道交通的发展，轮轨噪声在国内开始受到关注。根据车辆一轨道耦合动力学理论及声辐射与传播理论，分析了列车运行过程中产生轮轨噪声的机理。在此基础上，分析了轮轨噪声辐射的基本规律。     

城市轨道交通钢桥疲劳损伤等效系数研究

为研究城市轨道交通钢桥疲劳损伤等效系数,根据Eurocode中S-N曲线和损伤等效系数法,对中国城市轨道交通钢桥疲劳损伤等效系数进行求解分析。提出6种适用于中国城市轨道交通钢桥的列车编组,选取ZC、ZK和LM71这3种荷载图式作为疲劳荷载模型。根据中国城市轨道交通的实际交通量,提出1种采用双斜率S-N曲线的简化算法,与采用单斜率S-N曲线求解方法进行对比分析。求解分析各项疲劳损伤等效系数,并针对中国城市轨道交通钢桥列车编组的特点提出考虑列车最大容许速度影响的损伤等效系数λ_v。结果表明:以ZC图式作为疲劳荷载模型,考虑列车最大容许速度的影响,依据双斜率S-N曲线简化算法求得的损伤等效系数较能合理地对中国轨道交通钢桥进行疲劳验算。     

铁路运输高速化的仿真研究

从高速化的发展趋势出发,应用仿真研究方法,以沪宁高速区段为例,对高速列车的牵引、制动和阻力特性进行分析,计算比较了从180 km/h中速列车到500 km/h高速列车的不同旅行速度、运行时分、运能等有关高速列车运用效果的要素,并对不同速度等级高速列车的能耗进行了初步比较,分析了在现有科技水平下铁路干线高速化应选用的合理速度。     

Designing train-speed trajectory with energy efficiency and service quality

With the development of automatic train operations, optimal trajectory design is significant to the performance of train operations in railway transportation systems. Considering energy efficiency and service quality, this article formulates a bi-objective train-speed trajectory optimization model to minimize simultaneously the energy consumption and travel time in an inter-station section. This article is distinct from previous studies in that more sophisticated train driving strategies characterized by the acceleration/deceleration gear, the cruising speed, and the speed-shift site are specifically considered. For obtaining an optimal train-speed trajectory which has equal satisfactory degree on both objectives, a fuzzy linear programming approach is applied to reformulate the objectives. In addition, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve the proposed train-speed trajectory optimization problem. Finally, a series of numerical experiments based on a real-world instance of Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway are implemented to illustrate the practicability of the proposed model as well as the effectiveness of the solution methodology.     

National Standards for Urban Rail Transit

In this paper,we suggest the creation of passenger service standards for urban rail transit.We put forward standards suited for China's actual conditions,aimed at meeting an international level of service based on customer-oriented principles.     

轨道交通线路两侧声环境预测软件开发及应用

轨道交通线路两侧声环境预测研究早已成为国际学术界关注的一大课题。轨道交通建成运营后大多靠近或贯穿城市,随之产生的噪声常常会给沿线居民的生活和工作带来严重的影响。为避免该问题继续恶化及有效的预测和控制该噪声,将采用Visual Basic编程语言对轨道交通声环境预测模式的计算过程进行软件开发,同时运用该软件对实地线路两侧声环境进行预测,并将预测值与实测数据进行对比分析,验证该软件的可靠性,以期能使噪声预测工作向着程序化、可视化、简易化的方向迈进。     

公众参与视角下的深圳轨道交通12号线“自然之丝”主题段公共艺术计划探索

城市轨道交通公共艺术是公共艺术在城市特定功能空间的重要手段，跨越了整个轨道交通的建设阶段和运营阶段，对城市轨道交通的可持续发展起到重要作用。公共艺术的“公共性”使其“为人民服务”的意识也在日益增强，逐步承担起国家倡导的大美育的社会责任。当今，在公共艺术尤其注重公众参与性、互动性的诉求下，将公众参与引入轨道交通设计，将开启轨道交通公共艺术创作领域的新路径。以深圳市城市轨道交通12号线“自然之丝”主题段公共艺术计划为例，深入探讨艺术家引领公众参与创作轨道交通公共艺术的新模式，积极推动深圳城市营造的可持续发展，加强市民与城市的情感连接，增进交流，激发全社会的艺术创作力和创新能力。     

轨道交通嵌入式声屏障设计及现场声学性能仿真研究

针对目前轨道交通车站的实际情况,设计并研制可以有效降低列车进出站时产生的轮轨噪声的轨道交通嵌入式声屏障.该声屏障充分利用了轨道床两侧架设通讯电缆的凹型空腔,并依据列车噪声分布进行了针对性设计.同时根据声波的传输规律,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS和边界元分析软件SYSNOISE对嵌入式声屏障的现场声学性能进行仿真研究,得到列车进出站时的现场噪声分布及该嵌入式声屏障的现场声学性能.     

城市轨道交通中的智能建筑工程质量检测

智能建筑的检测是目前一项新兴的工作,而城市轨道交通中的智能建筑检测与普通建筑检测相比又有自身的特点。论文阐述了笔者在城市轨道交通中开展智能建筑工程质量检测的一些体会。     

广东省城市轨道交通装备产业标准体系框架构建

轨道交通装备产业是广东省重点发展的战略性新兴产业之一.标准体系的构建能够有层次性地推动产业关键标准、空白领域标准的制修订,从而促进产业健康快速的发展.项目组充分研究了广东省城市轨道交通装备产业发展现状及国内外产业标准体系建设现状,在此基础上,本文结合现有轨道交通标准体系的成果经验,提出了广东省城市轨道交通装备产业标准体系,对促进广东省城市轨道交通装备产业的健康发展具有重要意义.     

钢轨阻尼器控制钢轨波磨噪声的应用

随着近年来城市轨道交通的快速发展,钢轨波磨问题以及因其产生的振动噪声问题越来越受到人们的关注,它直接影响乘客的舒适度。青岛科而泰环境控制技术有限公司研发的一种钢轨阻尼器能够显著增加钢轨阻尼,有效控制钢轨波磨振动与辐射噪声。应用该技术对北京地铁某线路的钢轨波磨振动噪声进行治理,取得良好的减振降噪效果,钢轨垂向振动降低12.0 d B,钢轨横向振动降低6.0 d B,隧道内噪声降低7.7 d BA,车厢噪声降低7.6 d BA。     

First-train timing synchronisation using multi-objective optimisation in urban transit networks

Missed transfers affect urban transportation by increasing the travel times and decreasing the travel possibility, especially in the case of longer headways. A synchronised timetable can improve the transport efficiency of urban mobility and become an important consideration in the operation of urban transit networks (UTN). A mixed integer programming model is proposed to generate an optimal train timetable and minimise the total connection time, which includes smooth synchronisations for rail first-trains and the seamless synchronisation from rail first-trains to the bus service. Meanwhile, to characterise the characteristics of first-trains, binary variables are used to denote key transfer directions. Subsequently, the Sub-network Connection Method in conjunction with Genetic Algorithm is designed to obtain near-optimal solutions in an efficient way. Finally, a real-world case study, 16 rail lines and 41 transfer stations, based on the Beijing metro network and travel demand is conducted to validate the proposed timetabling model. Preliminary numerical results show that our approach improves the synchronisation substantially compared with the currently operated timetable.     

融合特征语义和模糊层次分析的空铁外观设计研究

目的 探究轨道列车与城市文化的关系,提升空铁外观设计中的文化内涵和文化认同,为空铁外观设计与评估提供实践指导和理论支撑。方法 以一款A型空铁外观设计为例,提出了一种融合特征语义和模糊层次分析的列车外观设计方法;首先基于模糊层次分析从民族性、地域性和时代性三个准则层出发分析特征语义指标权重,构建多层次评价模型;其次邀请专业设计人员对评价指标、评价层次进行评估,获得准则层与子准则层间的权重矩阵;最后运用模糊综合评价法来评估空铁外观设计方案。结果 基于特征语义指标权重分析结果,该方法将特征文化元素——蓝喉太阳鸟,有效地融入空铁外观设计,并经用户评估验证了方法的可行性。结论 该方法有助于辨识城市文化特征在空铁外观设计中的重要性,同时,探讨了方案存在的局限性,并提供了进一步优化设计意见,为提升空铁外观设计文化内涵提供参考。     

Study of Sustainable Urban Rail Transit Development Model in China

As the grand urbanization rapidly progresses in China, Chinese government launches a magnificent urban rail transit development plan as the key part of the preferential public transportation strategy. It is very necessary to establish a viable public private partnership model for urban rail construction. The philosophy of transit-oriented-development （TOD） is discussed in this study by reviewing Hong Kong Railway+ Property development model which is proved very successful in mass transit rail development in Hong Kong. This paper examines current practice of urban transit as of conventional public transport infrastructure in China and looks into ways of getting over the bureaucratic and technologic hurdles in order to generating synergy value and opportunity of rail oriented urban development. Taking the TOD and public-private-partnership (PPP) study of Shenzhen metro line 6 as an example, the sustainable urban rail development model is introduced and elaborated. It concludes that the sustainable urban rail transit shall be able to energize the great potential of rail and urban development at macro, meso and micro levels, through effective integration of administration and technology resources, and generation of win-win scenarios among government, metro company, people and stakeholders.     

城轨车辆车体多重动力吸振器减振方法研究

为了让动力吸振器在降低轨道车辆车体振动的同时能够更好的适应车下剩余空间,根据多重动力吸振器原理,针对城轨车辆运行的特点,建立了包含多重动力吸振器的轨道车辆垂向振动模型,提出了适用于城市轨道车辆车体多重动力吸振器的设计方法。①讨论了载客量和速度变化对多重动力吸振器的减振性能的影响,指出了传统多重动力吸振器的局限性;②针对轨道车辆振动频率变化频繁的特点,提出了多重动力吸振器的目标频率的优化方法,从而避免了增振的情况出现;③以四条典型城市轨道线路为算例,利用DVA减振指标进行评价,分别获得了不同线路的车体多重动力吸振器的最优目标频率,并验证了该优化方法的有效性。研究结果表明:相同附加质量下,多重动力吸振器对车体的吸振能力要优于单个动力吸振器,考虑到实际的应用,在车体安装四重动力吸振器是较为适宜的选择;经过优化的多重动力吸振器在整个速度区间都能起到很好的减振效果,能够有效避免增振现象的发生;多重动力吸振器的目标频率的设计要针对不同的线路进行调整,特定线路需要特定设计才能发挥出最佳减振能力。该研究的工作为车体多重动力吸振器的研究和应用提供了参考依据。     

关于城市快速轨道交通振动评价量的探讨

对城市快速轨道交通建设项目环境影响评价及竣工环境保护验收中所采取的环境振动评价量VLzmax及VLZ10进行了理论分析和实际测量检验，根据《城市区域环境振动测量方法》中规定的“测量量及读数方法”，参照铁路振动评价量提出了以VLzmax评价城市快速轨道交通环境振动的建议。