硝仿肼研究进展

介绍硝仿肼的理化性能,安全制备高纯度、不同粒径的硝仿肼新工艺,以及含硝仿肼的高能固体推进剂的特性。硝仿肼是一种高能不含卤素的氧化剂,采用硝仿肼氧化剂的推进剂,其比冲比当前最好的高氯酸铵/铅粉/丁羟胶推进剂约高8％;燃气无污染,可用于开发高能洁净固体推进剂。     

硝仿肼及其推进剂的研究进展

综述了20世纪90年代以来国外关于高能氧化剂硝仿肼及硝仿肼基新型固体推进剂研究的新进展。介绍了硝仿肼的合成方法、物理化学性能、晶体结构及不同结晶技术对硝仿肼形态及稳定性的影响。通过对硝仿肼爆炸性能及热安定性参数的分析，证实了其作为高能氧化剂的优异性能。通过HNF／Al／GAP、AP／Al／HTPB两种推进剂性能的对比分析，显示出硝肪肼及其推进剂的潜在价值。     

高能氧化剂硝仿肼研究最新进展

介绍了近年来国内外高能氧化剂硝仿肼的最新研究情况。硝仿肼作为下一代新型含能材料代表之一,国内外很多研究机构和单位都已对其合成和应用进行了研究,并取得了较大突破。     

国外硝仿肼研究新进展

介绍了近年来国外高能氧化剂硝仿肼的研究情况.研究表明,紫外-可见光光谱法有可能代替滴定法,从而提高硝仿肼纯度检测的准确性、降低质量控制成本;用水合肼代替肼和回收二氯甲烷和甲醇溶剂等方法有效降低了硝仿肼的生产成本而不影响产品质量;通过减少过量的水合肼和立即过滤硝仿肼粗产品等方法提高了硝仿肼的质量和产率;新的结晶技术如超声波结晶技术、加压结晶技术、共结晶技术及纳米粒子诱导结晶技术等能有效控制硝仿肼的晶粒粒度和长径比,降低感度并提高其稳定性.     

含硝仿肼的复合推进剂二次烟雾特征信号研究

为研究新型氧化剂硝仿肼(HNF)替代高氯酸铵(AP)后复合推进剂的能量特性和烟雾特征信号性能,采用最小自由能原理进行了配方的化学平衡性能计算。在分析计算结果基础上,采用烟雾特征信号计算特征值模型分析了不同含量HNF对复合推进剂二次烟雾特征信号性能的影响规律。     

绿色固体推进剂的研究现状及展望

综述了无铅双基系推进剂、可再生TPE推进剂和绿色复合推进剂的研制现状,总结了各类绿色推进剂的特点和发展过程中的技术难题,指出了绿色推进剂的一些技术发展方向,如非铅催化剂的纳米化技术、高效负载技术和复合技术,含能热塑性弹性体的合成及应用技术,硝仿肼(HNF)提纯技术以及新型高能氧化剂合成技术等.     

化学推进剂及其原材料文献题录

<正> 丁羟推进剂粘合剂体系固化催化研究,推进技术,1998(6):97 叠氮粘合剂推进剂热分解及燃烧性能研究综述,固体火箭技术,1998(4):26 GAP/AN推进剂的应用与研制进展。固体火箭技术,1998(4):45 叠氮化物的固体反应特征研究。火炸药学报,1999(1):19 高能氧化剂硝仿肼及其推进剂研究的新进展,火炸药学报,1999(1):67 固体推进剂热分解的高压DSC特征量,含能材料,1999(1):173 高分子量线型叠氮缩水甘油醚聚合物的合成。含能材料,1998(3):102～106 有机叠氢化物的热分解,含能材料,1998(3):     

含硝仿肼的固体推进剂能量特性研究

研究了三种含硝仿肼 (HNF)的固体推进剂 HNF/GAP/A1、NC/NG/HNF/RDX、NC/NG/HNF/RDX/Al的能量特性 ,绘制了等性能三角图 ,可形象、直观地看出这类推进剂的比冲、燃烧温度与配方组分之间的关系     

HNF基绿色液体单元推进剂研究进展

硝仿肼(HNF)基液体单元推进剂是一种能量大、比冲高、环境友好的新型绿色液体单元推进剂,介绍了其组分配制、燃料选择、性能指标、安全评估以及生产成本。与现有无水肼单元推进剂系统相比,HNF基液体单元推进剂的优越性非常明显,有望在未来替代无水肼单元推进剂。     

无氯氧化剂在洁净固体推进剂中的应用

为满足目前固体火箭推进剂在应用过程中产生的环境相容性要求,对几种无氯氧化剂在洁净固体推进剂中的应用进行了综述。针对固体推进剂燃烧产物中HCl对环境产生的危害,分析了几类推进剂的抑氯机理,并着重从氧化剂的角度介绍多种无氯高能氧化剂在固体推进剂中的应用,分析了无氯氧化剂的特点及在推进剂应用过程中面临的问题,提出了洁净固体推进剂的重点研究方向,促进洁净固体推进剂的广泛应用,降低HCl对环境的危害。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。