Al-Si合金的细化与Ti偏析的研究

研究了不同处理时间、不同位置对Ti偏析及细化效果的影响。结果表明，保温4h，A1—5Ti-1B的细化效果达到最佳。Ti在铸件顶端和底部的偏析程度不一样，在底部偏析更为严重，这主要是由于Ti在浇注过程中聚集的结果。     

Ti5B1和Ti5C1对A356铝合金晶粒细化的研究

采用两种粉状细化剂(Ti5B1和Ti5C1)在不同工艺条件下细化A356铝合金,然后应用金相显微镜和万能试验机等较详细研究了Ti5B1和Ti5C1细化剂在不同含量、保温时间下对A356铝合金细化效果的影响.试验结果表明两种细化剂对A356铝合金均有细化作用,细化失效时间均大于8 h.同时通过对比两种铸件的组织和力学性能发现 Ti5B1对A356铝合金的细化效果优于Ti5C1.     

A356合金细化处理效果的孕育和衰退

通过考察A356合金在静置过程中细化效果的变化，研究了亚共晶铝硅合金细化处理的孕育期和衰退期。细化处理的孕育期的形成是由于细化初期的溶质过冷度小造成的，随着溶质Ti含量的增加，溶质过冷度增大，从而激活更多的形核质点，限制枝晶生长；长时间静置后，尽管细化元素Ti含量基本不变，但是成分偏析倾向加剧，形核质点粗化并沉淀，有效核心减少，出现细化效果衰退；采用预细化合金锭可以缩短甚至消除细化处理的孕育期。     

Effect of Al5Ti1B master alloy on microstructures and properties of AZ61 alloys

AZ61 alloys with different levels of Al5Ti1B master alloy additions were prepared by conventional casting method.The effects of Al5Ti1B contents and holding time on microstructures and microhardness of AZ61 alloys were studied by XRD,OM and microhardness testing techniques.The results show that when the addition level of Al5Ti1B master alloy is less than 0.5%(mass fraction),the average grain size of the alloys decreases with the increase of Al5Ti1B content at the same holding time.But the grain size increases somewhat with further addition of Al5Ti1B.The average grain size of the alloys decreases with the increase of the holding time as it is less than 30 min at the same addition level of Al5Ti1B.It is considered that TiB2 particles can serve as the heterogeneous nucleation sites ofα-Mg during solidification,and heterogeneous nucleation is the main reason for the grain refinement of AZ61 alloys.The microhardness of the refined AZ61 alloys with 1.0%Al5Ti1B addition is increased by about 8%.     

Effects of hot isostatic pressing temperature on casting shrinkage densification and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy

The Ti6Al4V alloy castings were produced by the investment casting process, and the hot isostatic pressing(HIP) was used to remove shrinkage from castings. The processing pressure and holding time for HIP were 150 MPa and 20 min, respectively. Four different HIP temperatures were tested, including 750 ℃, 850 ℃, 920 ℃ and 950 ℃. To evaluate the effects of temperature on densification and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by HIP, non-destructive testing and metallographic observation was performed. The experimental results show that the shrinkage was completely closed at 920 ℃ and 950 ℃. The densification of Ti6Al4V alloy increased as the HIP temperature increased below 920 ℃. The lamel ae were more uniform, the thickness of lamel ae was obviously broadened and the structure was coarsen. Besides, the Norton creep equation was used to simulate the effect of different temperatures on the densification of Ti6Al4V alloy during HIP. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. It was also found that 920 ℃ is a suitable temperature for HIP for Ti6Al4V alloy.     

不同正火工艺对钢板力学性能的影响

试验研究了含Nb、V、Ti微合金元素的低合金钢板采用880、900、920 ℃不同正火温度及不同保温时间热处理后的力学性能和金相组织,结果表明：在合适的温度范围内,适当延长保温时间,在细化晶粒的同时,还可以消除内部偏析现象和带状组织等缺陷,最终使钢板获得优异的综合力学性能。     

ZL205A合金块状偏析相缺陷的研究

以ZL205A合金铸件块状偏析缺陷为研究对象,研究了超声熔体处理、时效处理对块状偏析、显微组织及显微硬度的影响。结果表明,超声处理熔体并不能消除ZL205A合金中的块状偏析,对其尺寸和分布无影响,但对合金组织有一定的细化作用;时效时间对块状偏析相尺寸无影响,但对块状偏析相的显微硬度有影响,其显微硬度随时效时间的增加呈现先提高后减小的趋势,时效4 h时达到峰值硬度165.1 HV;均匀化热处理不能减轻或消除块状偏析。     

加钛方式对A356合金晶粒细化效果和衰退行为的影响

分别采用电解加钛、熔配加钛和氟盐加钛三种方式，研究了加钛方式和保温时间对A356合金的晶粒细化效果和抗衰退能力的影响。结果表明，在钛含量（0．1％）相同条件下，短时保温时，电解加钛的晶粒细化能力高于熔配加钛和氟盐加钛，电解加钛A356合金的一次枝晶臂间距最短；长时间保温后，各种加钛方式使A356合金晶粒和共晶硅均发生了不同程度的衰退，但电解加钛A356合金的抗衰退能力最强，氟盐加钛合金的抗衰退能力最低。     

Ti、Zr复合微合金化对合金的抗晶粒细化衰退性能影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了Ti,Zr单独及复合微合金化的铝合金,采用OM、SEM、EDS及XRD等手段,研究并对比了Ti,Zr单独及复合添加时对合金晶粒的细化作用及在不同保温时间下对合金抗晶粒细化衰退性能的影响。结果表明,Ti,Zr复合添加时的晶粒细化效果比等量的Zr或Ti更加优异,且对合金晶粒细化衰退的抑制作用更加显著,当Al-0.15Zr-0.15Ti合金熔体的保温时间长达110 min时,合金仍保持着良好的晶粒细化作用。     

Effect of Ti on microstructure and properties of electromagnetic stirred Al-18wt.%Mg2Si alloy

By adding different amounts of Ti into the electromagnetic stirred Al-18wt.%Mg₂Si alloy, the effect of Ti element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was studied. The experimental results show that the microstructure is refined after modification with Ti, which is related to the heterogeneous nucleation of TiAl₃ particles on the α-Al matrix. With the increase of Ti content and holding time after stirring, the primary Mg₂Si phase is refine...     

铸造锌铝系合金底缩现象探讨

锌铝系合金铸造时出现反常的底部缩孔,而用一般上置式冒口对此类缩孔的补缩效果甚微。由于重力偏析造成的异常成分过冷导致底缩现象,因此针对成因提出消除或减轻底缩的途径。     

挤压铸造大高径比杯形铸件组织

研究大高径比铸件的挤压铸造将拓宽挤压铸造技术的应用范围。研究了挤压铸造ZA27合金大高径比杯形铸件的凝固组织。结果表明,铸件中压力分布极不均匀,铸件的上部边缘和底部压力较大,中下部压力较小;增大压力导致晶粒细化并发生塑性变形;ZA27合金大高径比杯形铸件的下部组织中出现分界面,界面两侧组织明显不同,后凝固一侧晶粒较细,含有较多共晶体。     

论砂型铸造铸件下箱优先设置

简述了发动机缸盖类铸件、轮类铸件、框架类铸件、泵壳阀类致密性铸件等几种典型铸铁件采用将铸件分割置于上、下型的做法,甚或是铸件全部设置于上型的工艺方案,分析了其容易导致气孔、浇不足、冷隔、缩孔、缩松、错边等铸造缺陷的原因。采用铸件全部设置于下型的工艺方案后,因其具有型腔排气充分、可优化设计浇注系统、可优化设置冒口系统、铸件错箱缺陷少、铸件加工余量少等优点,生产实践表明,采用此工艺后铸件合格率大幅提高,可获得内部组织更加致密、外形更加美观的高品质铸件。     

基于正交试验的液态模锻Al-Sn-Cu轴套中Sn的宏观偏析

采用正交试验法分析了液态模锻Al-Sn-Cu轴套中Sn的宏观偏析规律。结果表明:液态模锻Al-Sn-Cu轴套不可避免的产生Sn的宏观偏析,铸件中同时存在着正偏析和逆偏析,正偏析出现在浇铸中心的近端,逆偏析主要存在于浇铸中心的远端;铸件凝固后期,低熔点液相被强制挤压至热节位置,形成粗晶区和细晶区相间的双峰组织,细晶区Sn的质量分数明显较高。液态模锻工艺参数对铸件宏观偏析产生较大影响,对Sn偏析影响由大到小依次是浇注温度、模具温度、保压时间及比压;本次实验条件下,当浇注温度为700℃,模具温度为240℃,比压为80 MPa,保压时间为5 s时,轴套铸件中Sn元素分布较均匀,Sn元素的宏观偏析得到减轻。     

不同结合剂原料放电等离子烧结制备TiC/Ti3SiC2复合结合剂金刚石复合材料

分别以Ti/Si/2TiC混合粉体和Ti₃SiC₂单相粉体作为结合剂原料,采用放电等离子体烧结技术合成了TiC/Ti₃SiC₂结合剂金刚石复合材料,探讨不同的结合剂原料和保温时间对TiC/Ti₃SiC₂结合剂金刚石复合材料的物相构成、微观形貌以及磨削性能的影响。结果表明:采用Ti/Si/2TiC为结合剂原料,保温1 min时,会形成较多量的Ti₃SiC₂,Ti₃SiC₂基体与金刚石结合良好,二者之间没有孔隙;当保温5 min时,Ti₃SiC₂发生分解,基体主相转变为TiC,同时有一定量的Si,金刚石表面被侵蚀,形成凹凸不平的表面。采用Ti₃SiC₂为结合剂原料时,Ti₃SiC₂基体发生严重的分解,生成TiC和Si;金刚石与基体间存在一个过渡层,厚度约15 μm。Ti/Si/2TiC为结合剂原料保温1 min时试样的磨耗比值最大,为1 128。单相Ti₃SiC₂为结合剂的2个试样的磨耗比值约为100左右。      

不同Ti含量DZ125L镍基合金的组织

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针及X射线研究了两种不同Ti含量的DZ125L合金铸态和热处理后的微观组织以及合金中主要元素的偏析行为.结果表明:两种合金铸态和热处理后的组织主要由γ,γ',γ+γ'共晶和MC碳化物组成;两种合金中Ti表现了强烈的正偏析行为,W表现为强烈的负偏析行为;随着Ti含量的降低可以减少合金的γ+γ'共晶量,显著降低合金的偏析程度.     

The influence of internal chills on the structure and properties of aluminium alloy castings

Many of the drawbacks associated with the production of conventionally cast ingots and castings, such as the presence of pipes, centre-line segregation and columnar grains, can be attributed to the manner and extent of cooling inside the mould cavity and the problems of heat transfer from the centre to the outside of the casting. These result in lowering of the average mechanical properties and the yield of the casting. In the past, the use of external chills to reduce the above defects has had limited effects. This is because the influence of external chills becomes marginal beyond a certain distance. One of the potential methods of overcoming such problems is to employ heat sinks in the form of internal chills. Despite reported work by Russian and Japanese investigators on the use of internal chills, in the form of powder or strip, in iron and steel castings, no detailed information on the use of such chills in aluminium or other non-ferrous alloys is available in the literature.

This paper presents details and findings of an investigation carried out with Al-4.5% Cu (LM11) alloy using chills of cylindrical form of the same composition. The influence of such internal chills, placed centrally and non-centrally was assessed in terms of changes in solidification time, temperature gradient, percentage melting, microstructure, density, and the ultimate tensile strength of the castings.

The investigation has shown that solidification time decreases linearly with the percentage volume of the chills. Progressive structural refinement, corresponding to this reduction in solidification time, has also been observed. Distribution of the chills is seen to play an important role. One centrally-placed chill is essential in the refinement of the structure of the central region of an ingot, as well as to reduce the size of the central open pipe. The use of microchills in the form of turnings and powder has also been found to refine the structure considerably. The density and ultimate tensile strength of castings has been found to increase up to the optimum volume of chill, i.e. 2.5% at 75–115 K and 0.63% at 35 K superheat, and then decrease.     

湿型砂工艺铸件缩松缺陷的消除

采用黏土湿型砂射压造型生产线,铸件存在缩松和硬度过高的缺陷.从浇注温度、冒口颈和碳当量对铸件缺陷的影响进行了分析,发现铁水高温保温时间过长造成碳烧损是引起铸件缺陷的主要原因.为减少铁水的碳烧损,随其保温时间延长添加增碳剂,铸件缩松和过硬的缺陷彻底消除,从而保证了铸件质量.     

纳米压痕法测量超细晶工业纯钛室温蠕变速率敏感指数

室温下,采用复合细化(ECAP+冷轧+旋锻)工艺,制备出平均晶粒尺寸约为180 nm的超细晶工业纯钛,其抗拉强度高达870 MPa。利用纳米压痕仪对超细晶工业纯钛以恒加载速率/载荷的方式进行测试实验,通过测定压头保载阶段的压入位移和材料的硬度值计算得出室温蠕变速率敏感指数m值。结果表明:超细晶工业纯钛由于晶粒明显细化,晶界数量增多,晶界长度增加,位错增殖,在室温下表现出优良的抗蠕变能力,适合在压力环境下长期工作,其蠕变机理主要为蠕变位错机理。室温蠕变速率敏感指数m值与加载条件无关,主要由材料的微观组织决定。     

Effect of Grain Refinement and Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Secondary Al-Si-Cu Alloys

The effect of AlTi5B1 grain refinement and different solidification rates on metallurgical and mechanical properties of a secondary AlSi7Cu3Mg alloy is reported. While the Ti content ranges from 0.04 up to 0.225 wt.%, the cooling rate varies between 0.1 and 5.5 °C/s. Metallographic and thermal analysis techniques have been used to quantitatively examine the macro- and microstructural changes occurring with grain refiner addition at various cooling rates. The results indicate that a small AlTi5B1 addition produces the greatest refinement, while no significant reduction of grain size is obtained with a great amount of grain refiner. On increasing the cooling rate, a lower amount of AlTi5B1 master alloy is necessary to produce a uniform grain size throughout the casting. The combined addition of AlTi5B1 and Sr does not produce any reciprocal interaction or effect on primary α-Al and eutectic solidification. The grain refinement improves the plastic behavior of the alloy and increases the reliability of castings, as evidenced by the Weibull statistics.