48级灰度线性声光调制驱动源研究

设计了一种衍射光强灰度值随数字调制电压成线性变化的48级灰度线性声光调制驱动源。该设计通过数字控制电路把0~5V (D.C.) 分为48档次的数字调制电压,进而对晶体振荡电路产生的高频载波信号进行幅度调制,使声光调制驱动源输出相应的射频驱动信号并驱动声光器件。通过声光调制实验得到对应的衍射光强灰度值并显示相应的灰度等级,针对声光器件固有的非线性特性,通过线性电压补偿技术得到补偿后的衍射光强灰度值与数字调制电压的线性相关系数为97.73%,比补偿前提高了7.06%。     

Pure frequency modulation or intensity modulation with suppressed frequency chirp using active Bragg reflector integrated laser

The modulation properties of a laser structure which consists of an active Bragg reflector (300 mu m) integrated with an uncorrugated gain region (600 mu m) have been measured. The laser exhibited a flat FM response and very low spurious intensity modulation when modulating the current in the Bragg reflector. Furthermore, broadband intensity modulation with suppressed frequency chirp could also be achieved. An inhomogeneous linewidth enhancement factor alpha caused by the uneven carrier density distribution between the two sections gives a qualitative explanation to our results.<>     

Tradeoff between phase- and intensity modulation in GaAs/AlGaAsdouble heterostructure and multiple quantum well phase-modulatorwaveguides

The wavelength dependence of phase sensitivity (°/mm V) and intensity modulation of a double-heterostructure (DH) device and a multiquantum-well (MQW) device in the GaAs/AlGaAs material system is studied. The results show the tradeoff between phase modulation and intensity modulation and also show that, for the same intensity modulation, the MQW device produces twice as much phase modulation as the DH device. For example, at an intensity modulation of -1 dB the MQW device has a phase sensitivity of 120°/mm V while the DH device gives a value of ≈60°/mm V     

Linewidth enhancement factor of 1.3 mu m InGaAsP/InP strained-layer multiple-quantum-well DFB lasers

The linewidth enhancement factor alpha in a 1.3 mu m InGaAsP/InP strained-layer multiple-quantum-well (SL-MQW) distributed feedback (DFB) laser has been evaluated from the relation between the frequency and intensity modulation indexes, and the spontaneous emission spectra below threshold current. It is demonstrated that the measured alpha -parameter of a 1.3 mu m SL-MQW DFB laser is about two, and is much smaller than that in a conventional bulk DFB laser. From the resonance frequency dependence on the output power, it is concluded that this reduction of the alpha -parameter originates in the increased differential gain. The reduction of wavelength chirping, as a result the low alpha -parameter, was experimentally confirmed for the SL-MQW DFB laser.<>     

Frequency and intensity modulation characteristics of GaAs lasersin an external cavity

Frequency and intensity modulation characteristics were measured for external cavity GaAs diode lasers as a function of modulation frequency. The data, displayed as a chirp-to-power ratio (CPR), showed at low modulation frequencies a flat response and a 0° or 180° relative phase, depending on laser structure. A model incorporating a carrier-density-dependent imaginary part of the differential gain (Henry alpha factor) is developed to explain the data. The model yields simple scaling of the CPR with injection current and photon lifetime. The agreement between the model and data including scaling is excellent. These results provide strong evidence for transverse spatial hole burning in these lasers     

水下复合信道对GMSK无线光通信系统性能的影响

The absorption and scattering of light in seawater channel cause signal attenuation, and the turbulence of seawater causes signal amplitude fluctuation, both of which will reduce the bit error rate (BER) performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. The effects of the two channel characteristics on the signal performance were considered comprehensively, and a method was proposed to equate the transmission distance and turbulence probability density function to the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and turbulence noise, and then the signal attenuation and turbulence noise were combined into the signal waveform to establish the underwater composite channel signal transmission model. According to the experimental system parameters, the signal transmission waveforms of Gaussian minimum frequency shift keying (GMSK) modulation under composite channel were simulated, and the one-bit difference demodulation algorithm was used to compare the demodulated waveforms with the original waveform, and the influence relationships of composite channel on the system BER performance was analyzed. The simulation experiment results show that, compared with on-off keying modulation (OOK), pulse position modulation (PPM), GMSK system can obtain the SNR gain of 3.3 dB, 4.8 dB respectively only in the attenuation channel with seawater attenuation coefficient of 0.151 m?1. Under the composite channel, GMSK modulation performance is superior to OOK modulation and PPM modulation. When the water attenuation coefficient is 0.151 m?1, and turbulence intensity variance is smaller than 0.16, GMSK modulation system has no error rate limit, the system BER is decided by signal attenuation and turbulence noise and Gaussian noise together, GMSK modulation achieves SNR gain of 4.35 dB compared with PPM modulation. Furthermore, turbulence intensity variance is greater than 0.16, system BER arrives limit, which value is determined by the turbulence intensity, and the limit value of BER increases nonlinearly with the increase of turbulence intensity.     

锯齿波调制半波扫描技术对甲烷检测系统的性能改进

为了能够在复杂的环境下实现甲烷气体浓度的高精度和高稳定性检测,在基于光谱吸收原理的光纤甲烷检测系统的基础上,提出了利用锯齿波调制的半波扫描技术,较大程度改进了系统的性能指标。采用锯齿波调制光源的方式,同时对光信号进行波长调制和强度调制,实现对甲烷气体的洛伦兹吸收线型扫描。锯齿波调制的方式能够解决信号链路噪声、环境噪声等随机信号对光强造成的干扰,消除光源波长漂移对检测带来的影响,且实现了积分处理,进一步提高检测精度;但由于甲烷吸收光谱的对称性,采用通用的全波扫描方式,气体吸收光强后进行微分处理会出现正弦型曲线,无法准确确定吸收的光强所对应的数字量;而采用半波扫描方式,气体吸收光强后进行微分处理只出现凹型曲线,可以准确确定吸收的光强所对应的数字量。实验结果表明:采用锯齿波调制的半波扫描方式,可以准确测得甲烷气体浓度;测量范围为0%~10%,精度由100 ppm提升到10 ppm（1 ppm=10-6）,稳定性由0.3%提升到0.01%。该系统经过改进后在复杂环境下受温度影响小,精度高,稳定性好,抗干扰能力强。     

Variation of frequency chirp with wavelength in an InGaAsP/InP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) waveguide electroabsorption modulator

Through measurements of the modulation index and the optical power spectra, the chirp parameter for an InGaAsP quantum-well electroabsorption waveguide modulator has been determined. The result shows that the frequency chirp parameter achieves a minimum value of 0.6 in the wavelength range 1509-1545 nm. This is significantly less than what is obtained from direct intensity modulation of injection lasers, making this a useful device in high-bit-rate, long-haul systems.<>     

300 ps switching of spontaneous emission by quantum confined fieldeffect in a light emitting triode

A high-speed switching, as fast as 300 ps, of spontaneous emission is achieved in the recently developed quantum-confined field-effect light emitting triode. As a result of the combination of the field control of radiative life time with modulation of carrier-generation rate, the light intensity modulation does not rely on changes in carrier population at all but on the field control of the radiative life time in the quantum well structure of the device. Elaborated is the allowance for the deviation of the modulation depth of injection current from an optimum value in the modulation scheme     

双光子光折变晶体中宽光束的调制不稳定性

为了得到稳态情况下一维宽光束在有偏压双光子光伏光折变晶体中的调制不稳定性的结果,通过空间电荷场的非局域性处理得到得了一维调制不稳定性的增长率.采用数值分析的方法对一维调制不稳定性的增长率的特性进行了理论分析.结果表明:在入射光束强度一定的情况下,外加电场为正值时,调制不稳定性增长率随电场的增加而增大,当外加电场为负值时...     

如何制作具有预期刻蚀深度的光刻胶浮雕全息图

光刻胶浮雕全息图通常是作为复制模压全息图的母版，在复制过程中所转移的是全沟纹信息，所复制的全息图的衍射效率决定于沟纹的深度，因此控制浮雕全息图的沟纹深度非常重要，本文通过测量光刻胶浮雕全息图的衍射光强来确定它具有发相位调制度，从而间接地找到了测量刻蚀深度的新方法，并利用它来指导拍摄有预期刻蚀深度的光刻胶浮雕全息图。     

Self-phase modulation coefficient of multiple-quantum-well optical amplifiers

The self-phase modulation coefficient /spl gamma/ of 1310 nm multiple-quantum-well (MQW) semiconductor optical amplifiers has been investigated. It is found to vary from 16/spl times/10/sup 4/ W/sup -1/ m/sup -1/ for low driving conditions to 3/spl times/10/sup 4/ W/sup -1/ m/sup -1/ for high-driving conditions. This implies that the amount of self-phase modulation occurring in the amplifier is between 1.5-10/spl times/ more than that occurring in the optical fiber following the amplifier. The additional self-phase modulation caused by the semiconductor optical amplifier may be used to achieve compensation for fiber dispersion in optical communication systems at significantly lower average power levels. The linewidth enhancement factor /spl alpha//sub H/ was found to increase from a value of 2 at low driving conditions, in agreement with results reported for MQW lasers, to a value of 3 at high-driving conditions.     

方波调制消除Wollaston 棱镜非线性系数对空间测角的影响

建立了一种基于Wollaston 棱镜偏振分束的空间测角模型。对于Wollaston 棱镜出射光强对系统测角精度带来的影响做了简要的理论分析和仿真,仿真结果表明出射光强偏离马吕斯定律,出现了一定的非线性偏差,且Wollaston 棱镜的非线性偏差对空间测角装置的测角精度影响很大,降低了装置的实用价值。提出了一种采用方波磁光调制提高测角精度的方法,该方法有效消除了Wollaston 棱镜的非线性系数、磁光玻璃的调制度波动、电路增益差异及光强波动的影响,且该方法相对正弦磁光调制方法更容易实现。最后通过相关的对比实验,采用该方法系统在-8~+8范围内能够达到15 的测角精度。     

强度编码合成孔径激光雷达原理与实验

合成孔径激光雷达是合成孔径技术在激光相干探测雷达领域的推广,相比传统合成孔径雷达具有更高的分辨率。由于传统线性调频模式受制于调频速率和非线性等因素,无法应用于高速运动平台。从合成孔径激光雷达原理出发,结合光通信调制手段,详细推导了强度编码合成孔径激光雷达编码压缩原理公式,并仿真验证了M序列应用于强度编码的压缩性能。通过对模糊函数推导与仿真,证明强度编码信号不存在多值性模糊和互耦合误差。搭建了基于光纤的强度编码距离向分辨率验证实验系统,选取长度1 023、码元宽度5 ns的M序列进行强度编码调制,利用2 000 m延时光纤进行了距离向验证。在考虑载波光幅值抖动的情况下,得到了0.787 5 m的距离向分辨率,精度误差5%。该文从理论与实验两方面证明强度编码合成孔径激光雷达的可行性,为工程实现提供了一定实践支撑。     

Measurement-based model for cross-absorption Modulation in an MQW electroabsorption modulator

A model for cross-absorption modulation in a multiple-quantum-well electroabsorption modulator is developed based on measurements of the escape time of photogenerated carriers, the dependence of the modulator absorption on the power and wavelength of the pump and probe signals, and the dependence of the /spl alpha/ parameter of the wavelength-converted signal on the power and wavelength of the pump and probe signals. Good agreement between calculated and measured results is demonstrated for static, small-signal and large-signal conditions. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the model in describing the intensity and phase modulation properties of a wavelength-converted signal make it suitable for computer simulations aimed at system design and performance evaluation.     

线性增益调制激光雷达系统参数对测距精度的影响

测距精度是激光雷达系统的重要参数,测距精度影响因素的研究对于提高激光雷达系统性能具有重要价值。增益调制无扫描激光雷达是一种新体制的激光雷达,其测距精度的影响因素不同于传统飞行时间测量的激光雷达系统。从增益调制激光雷达距离表达式出发,推导了增益调制激光雷达各系统参数对于距离精度的影响,综合考虑了ICCD的调制误差、回波强度较低时的光子噪声、探测器噪声、微通道板的增益饱和等因素,给出了测距精度与回波功率的关系曲线。得出增益调制无扫描激光雷达系统存在一个回波强度区间,在该强度区间内,无扫描激光雷达的测距精度是区间外的2倍以上。     

Investigations of the kinetics of nonequilibrium carriers in a semiconductor by the average value of the photoconductivity under periodic optical excitation

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the average value of the nonequilibrium concentration of free carriers in a semiconductor under periodic optical excitation are carried out. The dependence of the average value of the free-carrier concentration (the average stored energy) on the frequency of excitation-radiation modulation is found at the constant average excitation intensity. The systematic features in the behavior of the average value of the photoconductivity on the frequency of the excitation-radiation modulation depending on the recombination law are established. A new method for determination of the recombination law in a semiconductor independent of the light-pulse shape is proposed for a number of cases. The obtained conclusions can be used to study relaxation processes of a different nature.     

Chaos control and noise suppression in external-cavitysemiconductor lasers

Feedback-induced chaos and intensity noise enhancement in a laser diode with external optical feedback are studied by computer simulations. The enhancement of relative intensity noise (RIN) that is often observed in experiments is considered as a result of the feedback-induced deterministic chaos and the intensity noise suppression is treated from the viewpoint of chaos control. Especially, the conventional noise suppressing technique known as a high-frequency injection modulation is turned into a problem of stabilizing chaos through parameter modulations. We developed an analytical method which allows to optimize the modulation frequency from the linear stability analysis of the dynamical model that describes the laser diode with external feedback. The robustness of the modulation with respect to the modulation frequency and depth is verified and the results suggest the feasibility of applying our method to actual noise suppression. The RIN in the low-frequency region (up to 100 MHz) is shown to be reduced to the solitary laser level when the feedback-induced chaos is effectively controlled with the optimized modulation frequency     

高功率激光近场空域计算方法

为了使目前高功率激光近场空域的对比度和调制度评价更加科学化,在数值计算中采用图像分割灰度门限法,对CCD采集的原始近场图像进行信噪分割.用最大类间方差作为判断噪声阈值的主要依据,由噪声区域最大概率灰度值得到本底灰度,然后根据强度是否大于Iavg(1 5σ)值来判断是否存在奇异点.奇异点位置灰度值经8-邻域图像平滑处理得到.通过应用大量近场测量数据分析对比了调制度的两种计算方法,结果表明两种计算方法处理结果是一致的,并规范地给出了高功率激光近场空域评价计算方法.     

Fabry-Perot intensity modulator with integrated Bragg reflectors in Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/

A Fabry-Perot electro-optic intensity modulator in Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ utilising surface integrated Bragg reflectors is demonstrated. A modulation depth of 96% at 1542 nm wavelength is obtained, with a voltage-length product value which is a factor of 4.4 smaller than for a polarisation intensity modulator of the same switching voltage.