杨梅素及其类似物抗氧化与乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性研究

目的:探讨杨梅素、杨梅苷及二氢杨梅素的抗氧化和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。方法:采用DPPH自由基清除和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制高通量筛选模型进行研究。结果:杨梅素、杨梅苷和二氢杨梅素清除DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为18.34、28.89、10.70μg/mL,三种化合物的抗氧化活性均强于阳性药芦丁(IC50=31.32μg/mL),其中二氢杨梅素还强于VC(IC50=14.69μg/mL);在质量浓度为0.25mg/mL时,杨梅素、杨梅苷和二氢杨梅素对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率分别为:30.66%±4.05%、38.48%±1.98%、78.81%±2.23%,其中二氢杨梅素对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用较显著,其IC50值为1546±47.05μmol/L。结论:杨梅素、杨梅苷、二氢杨梅素均具有显著的DPPH自由基清除能力,本文首次报道二氢杨梅素具有较好的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,值得进一步深入研究。     

月季叶黄酮对自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除作用研究

以70%乙醇作为溶剂,采用微波法提取月季叶黄酮,研究了月季叶黄酮对羟自由基(·OH)、氧自由基(O2-·)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)以及亚硝酸盐的清除作用。结果表明,月季叶黄酮对羟自由基(·OH)、氧自由基(O2-·)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)以及亚硝酸盐均具有明显的清除作用,并具有一定的量效关系。通过与VC比较,发现月季叶黄酮对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除作用强于VC,对氧自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除作用弱于VC,而且浓度越大差异越小。     

不同二氢杨梅素含量的显齿蛇葡萄提取物的抗菌活性与清除DPPH自由基能力研究

研究不同二氢杨梅素含量的显齿蛇葡萄提取物的抗菌活性与清除DPPH自由基能力。选取17种二氢杨梅素含量不同的显齿蛇葡萄,使用乙醇超声辅助法获得各个样品的提取物;采用药敏滤纸片法和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)体系分别研究提取物以及相同含量的二氢杨梅素纯品的抗菌活性和清除DPPH自由基能力。结果表明:17种提取物的抗菌活性和清除DPPH自由基能力随着提取物中二氢杨梅素含量的增加而增强,提取物的抗菌活性和清除DPPH自由基能力显著强于相应含量二氢杨梅素纯品。在10mg/m L浓度下,部分提取物的抑菌活性强于二氢杨梅素;对DPPH·清除作用:二氢杨梅素大于全部样品;样品10~17大于VC;样品2~17大于BHT。     

猕猴桃根提取物体外抗氧化作用的研究

探讨猕猴桃根提取物的体外抗氧化作用.采用DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、过氧化氢和还原力的反应体系,测定猕猴桃根提取物的体外抗氧化作用,并用VC进行对照实验.实验条件下,ERHM对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子(·O2-)、羟基自由基(·OH)、过氧化氢H2O2等均有较强的清除或抑制作用,且显示较好的量效关系,同时具有一定的还原力.其消除DPPH自由基的EC50为8.03 μg/mL,清除超氧阴离子(·O2-)的EC5o为1.28 mg/mL,抑制羟基自由基(·OH)能力可达69.4％,浓度为100 μg/mL时对过氧化氢(H2O2)的清除率为42％.猕猴桃根提取物具有较强的还原力,能有效清除DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基,并抑制羟基自由基的产生.所以,ERHM有效成分具有较为显著的抗氧化作用.     

北五味子提取液清除DPPH自由基的作用

研究北五味子提取液对DPPH自由基的清除作用。以芦丁和齐墩果酸为标准品测定提取液中总黄酮和齐墩果酸含量;采用分光光度法分析提取液清除DPPH自由基的作用,并与Vc进行比较。北五味子提取液中总黄酮和齐墩果酸的含量分别为49.80μg/mL和235.92μg/mL;随着浓度的增加,提取液对DPPH自由基的清除率也增加,呈现一定的量效关系;同浓度下,北五味子提取液及Vc对DPPH自由基的清除率为77.23%和94.55%。北五味子提取液对DPPH自由基有很好的清除作用,是一种有前途的天然抗氧化剂。     

青藏高原油菜蜂花粉醇提物体外清除自由基活性研究

为探计青藏高原油菜蜂花粉醇提物的体外清除自由基活性,研究了其对超氧阴离子(O2-·)体系、羟基自由基(·OH)体系和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)体系的清除效果,并以抗坏血酸(Vc)作为阳性对照.结果表明,油菜蜂花粉醇提物对·OH、O2-·和DPPH·均具有一定清除作用,且与浓度呈量效关系,并且对·OH和DPPH·清除效果相对较好,略优于Vc.     

山楂提取物对猪油抗氧化作用研究

分别利用碘量法和DPPH·法检测山楂乙醇提取物熊果酸和黄酮的抗氧化性.结果表明浓度为0.1 mg/mL山楂黄酮对DPPH·自由基的清除作用较强,最高清除率达到82.2%,与5μg/mL的TBHQ清除能力相当;添加量0.04%山楂黄酮对猪油的抗氧化作用较强,熊果酸在低浓度0.002%时对猪油有较好抗氧化作用,对DPPH自由基则无清除作用.     

几种植物水溶性多糖的体外抗氧化作用

目的:对鱼腥草、茶薪菇、平菇的水溶性多糖的体外清除羟自由基和超氧自由基的作用进行了研究。方法:分别采用改良的Smirnoff法和邻苯三酚自氧化法对三种多糖的体外清除自由基作用进行测定,并比较其清除效果。结果:发现三种多糖均有抗氧化作用,鱼腥草水溶性多糖、茶薪菇水溶性多糖、平菇水溶性多糖对羟自由基清除作用较明显,并且随着多糖浓度的增加,清除效果愈强,清除率达50%时所需多糖浓度分别为6mg/mL、900μg/mL、776μg/mL,即平菇的效果优于茶薪菇和鱼腥草。鱼腥草水溶性多糖、茶薪菇水溶性多糖对超氧自由基清除作用同样具有剂量效应关系,清除率达到50%时所需多糖浓度分别为6.25mg/mL、710μg/mL,但平菇多糖对超氧自由基O2·-的清除作用随着多糖浓度的增加,清除效果先上升后下降,当平菇多糖的浓度超过400μg/mL时,其清除超氧自由基O2·-能力下降。     

马氏珠母贝肉酶解产物清除自由基活性的研究

对马氏珠母贝肉的风味酶酶解产物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基及DPPH·的清除效果进行了研究.结果表明,马氏珠母贝肉酶解产物对三种自由基均有一定的清除活性,量效关系明显;其清除O2-·、·OH、DPPH·三种自由基的IC50分别为1.513、1.423、2.618mg/mL,清除自由基能力总体高于牡蛎和海湾扇贝提取物.     

腊梅花提取物抗氧化作用研究

利用比色法、化学发光法,研究了腊梅花提取物体在体外对O2·,·OH,DPPH·活性氧自由基的清除作用。实验结果表明腊梅花提取物对O2·,·OH,DPPH·自由基均有明显的清除作用,其50%抑制浓度(IC50)分别为147.25,47.71,25.90μg/ml。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the