掺镝的氟锆酸盐玻璃的光谱

测量了氟锆酸盐玻璃中Dy3+离子的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,得到了Dy3+离子的J-O参量Ωt,Ω2=3.29×10 20cm2,Ω4=1.56×10 20cm2,Ω6=2.48×10 20cm2.计算了氟锆酸盐玻璃中Dy3+离子的发射特性,Dy3+离子1.3μm发射的6F11/2(6H9/2)→6H15/2跃迁的发射截面σe=0.62×10-20cm2.研究了Dy3+离子浓度对其荧光强度的影响,当Dy3+离子掺杂浓度(摩尔分数)超过1.5%时,发生了浓度淬灭效应.     

混合Hermite-Lagrange插值之同时逼近

对于(-1,1)中的结点组{X_k}_(k=1)~n,记l_k(x)为相应的Lagrange插值基本多项式,又记A_n=‖∑(2-x~2-x_k~2)(1-x_k~2)~-1丨l_k(x)‖。对于f∈C_([-1,1)~q与r=[q+2/2],本文证明满足条件H_n(f,x_k)=f(x_k)(k=1,2,…,n),H_n~(s)(f,±1)=f~(s)(±1)(s=0,1,…,n-1)的n+2r-1次代数多项式H_n(f,x)有逼近性质H_n~(s)(f,x)-f~(s)(x)=(?)其中δ_n(x)=n~(-1)(1-x~2)~(1/2),△_n(x)=δ_n(x)+n~(-2).作为证明的重要工具,本文还对n次代数多项式P_n(x),建立了另一形式的Bernstein不等武:若 P_n(x)=O(1)δ_n~q(x)ω(δ_n(x)),则p_n~(S)(X)=O(1)δ_n~(q-2S)(X)ω(δ_n(X))△_n~s(X)。     

多晶β″-Al_2O_3的稀土离子交换 Ⅱ、动力学研究

研究了多晶 β″-Al_2O_3陶瓷中稀土离子 Eu~(2+)和 Ce~(3+)与 Na~+离子交换的动力学。得出适合于一维双面离子交换反应的交换率与时间的关系为 f=(4/d)(Dt/π)~(1/2)(f≤80%)以及 f=1-(8/π~2)exp(-π~2Dt/d)(f>80%),并推导了与 Na~+-Eu~(2+)和 Na~+-Ce~(3+)交换机理相联系的互扩散常数与自扩散常数的关系为:(?)={1+zf(1-α)/[α+f(1-u)]}D_i由此求得600℃时 Eu~(2+)和850℃时 Ce~(3+)离子在多晶β″-Al_2O_3中的扩散常数分别为0.70×10~(-6)和0.51×10~(-7)cm~2·s~(-1),并估算了交换达到平衡所需要的时间。     

关于Fuzzy综合评价模型的研究

讨论了Fuzzy模型P=A(×)B=(p1,p2,…,pn)的算法规则(×)的三种情形,即Pj=max1≤i≤n[min(αi,rij)],pj=∑n)/(i=1αirij,Pj=∑n)/(i=1min(αi,rij), 以及二种评定法则:(1)简单评定法:当pk=max1≤j≤mpj时定为k级.(2)复合评定法:当∑k-1)/(j=1pj≤∑m)/(j=kpj且∑m)/(j=k+1pj≤∑k-1)/(j=1pj时定为k级,当∑k-1)/(j=1pj≥∑m)/(j=kpj且∑k-2)/(j=1pj≤∑m)/(j=k-1pj时定为(k-1)级,当∑m)/(j=k+1pj≥∑k-1)/(j=1pj且∑k-1)/(j=1pj≤∑m)/(j=kpj时定为(k+1)级.当模糊复杂度rij具有一定实际含义下,可能引发误判的三个定理.在三个定理条件下,一次性判定及联合判定均判定为k级,但当模糊复杂度rij有一定实际含义时,会发生不应判定为k级的现象.同时给出了减少误判的措施.     

Effect of Tempered Martensite on Magnetomechanical Damping of Ferritic Matrix Dual Phase Alloys

The influence of the volume fraction of tempered martensite on magnetomechanical damping of theferritic matrix in dual-phase alloys was studied.The experimental results showed that(1)dual-phase damping alloy is of good combination of strength and toughness: (2)good damping ca-pacity(Q~(-1)≥5.0×10~(-3))can be obtained in dual-phase alloys only when the volume fraction oftempered martensite was controlled properly.The effect of martensite on magnetomechanical damp-ing of the ferritic matrix was analysed.The damping capacity of dual-phase alloys was related to thevolume fraction V_m of tempered martensite by Q_~(-1)=Q_~(-1) (1-V_m/1+BV_m)at small vibration strainamplitudes ε_A≤5.0×10~(-6).     

高T_c超导化合物YBa_2Cu_3O_(6.5+δ)的Gibbs生成自由能

用 CaF_2单晶作固体电解质,构成了氟化物-氧化物原电池(?)及(?)测得电池的可逆电动势为E_1=-0.063+1.43×10~4×T(V)E_2=0.089+1.68×10~(-4)×T(V)从而计算了由纯氧化物生成 BaCuO_2(011相)及 YBa_2Cu_3O_(6.5(?)δ)(123相)的标准生成自由能变化:△G_(011)~0=-10.5+1.8×10~(-3)×T(×4186.8J/mol)△G_(123+δ)~0=-19.0+(7.4-1.6×δ)×10~(-3)×T(×4186.8J/mol)在计算△G_(123+δ)~0时考虑了氧的非化学计量系数δ。     

NdBO_3和 Nd(BO_2)_3的标准生成自由能

用 CaF_2单晶和 ZrO_2(+MgO)为固体电解质分别构成原电池:■和 Pt,B_((s)),NdBO_(3(s)),Nd(BO_2)_(3(s))|ZrO_2|Cr_2O_(3(s)),Cr_((s)),Pt联合测了 NdBO_3和 Nd(BO_2)_3的标准生成自由能:ΔG~0_(NdBO_3)=-1757+3.8×10~(-1)TΔG~0_(Nd)(BO_2)_3=-3435+8.8×10~(-1)T由此求出由氧化物生成 NdBO_3及 Nd((BO_2)_3)的反应的标准生成自由能变化:1/2Nd_2O_(3(s))+1/2B_2O_(3■)=NdBO_(3(s))ΔG~0_(NdBO_3)=-242+1.4×10~(-1)T和 1/2Nd_2O_(3(s))+3/2B_2O_(3(s))=Nd(BO_2)_(3■)ΔG~0′_(NdBO_2)3=-693+4.6×10~(-1)T     

血管的三维重建

对血管的三维重建问题,我们假定血管为等径管道,通过分析其几何特性,给出了确定其管道中轴线和半径的数学模型--搜索每个切片截面,求最大内切圆,该内切圆圆心即为切片截面与管道中轴线的交点,该内切圆半径即为管道半径,再通过拟合各个交点求出轴心线. 本模型中,我们确立了两种有效的误差分析方法;并由此发现由于中轴线与切片交角过小会使结果产生较大偏差.为解决此问题,我们从其它方向重新对血管进行切割,再进行处理求解,得到更加精确的结果.     

锰锌铁氧体纳米晶的水热法制备及热动力学研究

通过加入添加剂经水热合成法制备了单相无硬团聚的 10～ 2 0nm锰锌铁氧体纳米晶 ,运用TEM ,XRD等进行了表征。引用热力学方法原理及相变理论分析了水热合成机理。以简化的数学模型讨论了晶体生长过程 ,晶体生长过程可分为两个阶段 ,分别满足以下动力学方程 :D =1.2 9× 10 -9exp(-Q1/RT)t+ 8.0 4× 10 -9　tt0分别求出了晶体生长不同阶段的激活能 ,Q1=3 6.17kJ·mol-1,Q2 =5 0 .3 0kJ·mol-1。t0 与晶化温度有关 ,t0 =2 .89/[1.2 9exp(-Q1/RT) -5 .86exp(-Q2 /RT) ]。     

使用Fabry—Perot干涉腔稳频的GaAlAs激光器(英文)

GaAlAs激光器的激射频率被锁定于Fabry-Perot干涉腔上。在锁定之后其激射频率的涨落已被大大地降低。所测得的频率稳定度(对Fabry-Perot干涉腔中心频率的跟踪稳定度)如下:其中第1个稳频系统为5×10~(-12)(1s)、1.5×10~(-12)(10s)、1.2×10~(-12)(100s);而第2个稳频系统为8×10~(-12)(1s)、2×10~(-12)(10s)、1.8×10~(-12)(100s)。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...