尼龙1311的物理力学性能与流变行为研究

用十三碳二元胺和十一碳二元酸合成了尼龙1311（PA1311）。测定了PA1311的物理力学性能。用Haake-Ⅱ型毛细管流变仪研究了PA1311的流变行为,得到了不同温度下的熔体表观粘度-剪切速率曲线及剪切应力-剪切速率双对数曲线。结果表明,PA1311是一种综合性能优良,容易加工的新型工程塑料。     

PVC通信电缆绝缘料流变行为的研究

本文采用毛细管流变仪对聚氯乙烯电缆料的加工流变性能进行了研究，分析并讨论了影响ＰＶＣ流变性能的各种因素。结果表明：在试验温度下，增塑ＰＶＣ的剪切应力均随剪切速率的增加而增大，但当剪切速率增加到一定程度后，剪切速率对剪切应力的影响变小；改性剂ＰＭ－１的加入可以大大降低在相同剪切速率下的剪切应力。改性剂ＰＭ－１使电缆料的剪切敏感性减小，牛顿性增强。虽然ＰＭ－１不能改变临界剪切应力值，但却使当临界剪切应力相应的熔体粘度减小，即临界剪切速率增大，这在实际生产过程中是十分有用的，即可以提高挤出速度而不致于产生熔体破裂。分子量减小，熔体表观粘度明显减小。熔体表观粘度随温度的升高而逐渐减小。     

PA1010／MGEPR共混物的流变性能研究

以尼龙1010（PA1010）为基体,以马来酸酐接枝乙丙橡胶（MGEPR）为增韧剂,采用Brabender PLE331型塑化仪制备了PA1010／MGEPR共混增韧尼龙材料,测试了PA1010／MGEPR共混物的表观粘度、非牛顿指数和粘液活化能等流变能数,并重点讨论了其流变性能。实验结果表明：共混物的表观粘度随温度升高而降低;粘流活化能随剪切速率的增而而减小。共混物熔体的表观粘度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增大而降低,非牛顿指数n小于1,符合假塑性流体流动规律。     

絮凝氧化铁悬浮液流变性质研究

应用LVDV-Ⅲ+型可编程流变仪测定了微米级氧化铁悬浮液絮凝处理后的流变特性,考察因素包括悬浮液固相质量浓度、pH值、絮凝剂添加量、搅拌速度。结果表明,悬浮液浓度不同,其流变性能也表现出不同,在相同剪切速率下,高质量分数悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力都大于低质量分数悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力;pH对絮凝悬浮液流变性有重要的影响。絮凝悬浮液粘度随pH的增加先增大后减小,絮凝剂聚合氯化铝添加量为80 mg的条件下,pH=6.14时表观粘度最大;絮凝剂浓度的不同,对于悬浮液流变性能的影响也不同,在相同剪切速率下,添加高浓度絮凝剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力都大于添加低浓度絮凝剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力,增加絮凝剂浓度对提高悬浮液粘着性能具有积极意义;对悬浮液搅拌强度不同其流变性能也表现出不同,在相同剪切速率下,悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力随着测试前对它搅拌强度的增加表现出先增大后减小。     

氯磺化聚乙烯流变性能研究

研究氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)的流变性能，特别是剪切速率、剪切应力和温度对CSM熔体表观粘度的影响。试验结果表明，CSM熔体在试验温度范围内为假塑性流体，随温度的升高其非牛顿性减弱；CSM熔体的表观粘度随表观剪切速率和剪切应力的增大以及温度的升高而降低；剪切应力对CSM的粘流活化能影响不大。     

高纤维含量的短切碳纤维增强尼龙流变行为研究

以40%高纤维含量的短切碳纤维增强尼龙(PA66/SCF(40%))复合材料为研究对象,采用高压毛细管流变仪对其挤出料粒进行稳态流变试验,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其注塑试样拉伸断面表观形貌,深入研究了高纤维含量下短切碳纤维增强尼龙的流变行为。结果表明,随着表观剪切速率增加,材料挤出过程中总压力降不断增加;随着温度增加,总压力降逐渐减小;PA66/SCF(40%)复合材料为假塑性流体,存在剪切变稀行为,在较高剪切速率下,纤维沿流动方向发生取向;材料挤出胀大比与弹性回复有关,挤出胀大比随剪切速率增加而增加,随温度增加而减小。     

动态硫化NBR/PFPA热塑性弹性体流变性能的研究

对动态硫化NBR／石油发酵尼龙（PFPA）共混型热塑性弹性体的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明，NBR／PFPA为假塑性流体；表观粘度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增大而减小，随温度升高而降低；粘流活化能随PFPA用量的增大而减小。     

BCPPO共聚酰胺66的流变性能研究

以自制双(4-羧苯基)苯基氧化膦(BCPPO)为共聚单体,通过原位共缩聚反应制得了BCPPO共聚酰胺66(FR-PA66)。应用毛细管流变仪测试了FR-PA66的流变特性。结果表明,FR-PA66的非牛顿指数为0.78～0.86,熔融时呈现剪切变稀行为,属假塑性流体。在固定剪切速率下,FR-PA66的剪切应力、表观粘度随BCPPO含量的增加呈现先增大后减小趋势,当BCPPO质量分数为3%时,FR-PA66的剪切应力、表观粘度达到最大。同时,FR-PA66的表观粘度对温度较为敏感,属温敏材料。     

高流动性碳纤维增强尼龙66的制备与性能

以尼龙66为基体材料,添加碳纤维、增韧剂、流动改性剂等相关功能助剂,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了碳纤维增强尼龙66复合材料,采用注塑工艺制备了碳纤维增强尼龙66复合材料的标准试样,研究了碳纤维及流动改性剂含量对复合材料力学性能和熔体流动性能的影响。结果表明,提升碳纤维含量可以大幅度提高碳纤维增强尼龙66复合材料的力学性能,当碳纤维质量分数为35%时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到251 MPa,比纯尼龙66树脂提高了210%,弯曲强度由纯树脂的72 MPa提高到358 MPa,提高了397%,缺口冲击强度提高了178%,达到22 kJ/m~2。通过加入流动改性剂可以提高碳纤维增强尼龙66复合材料的熔体流动速率(MFR),并且不影响复合材料的力学性能,当流动改性剂的质量分数为1%时,碳纤维质量分数为25%的复合材料的MFR达到16.1 g/(10 min),比未添加流动改性剂时提高了193%,碳纤维质量分数为35%的复合材料的MFR为15.5 g/(10 min),比未添加流动改性剂时提高了319%。     

凝聚剂对氧化铁悬浮液流变性的影响

应用LVDV-Ⅲ+型可编程流变仪测定了凝聚剂对氧化铁悬浮液的流变特性的影响。实验结果表明,高价凝聚剂对于悬浮液颗粒的凝聚能力要比低价凝聚剂更加明显;随着凝聚剂浓度的增加,悬浮液颗粒的凝聚程度也相应增加;凝聚剂种类的不同,对于悬浮液流变性能的影响也不同,高价凝聚剂对于悬浮液流变性能的影响比低价凝聚剂大。在相同剪切速率下,添加高价凝聚剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力都大于添加低价凝聚剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力;凝聚剂浓度的不同,对于悬浮液流变性能的影响也不同。在相同剪切速率下,添加高浓度凝聚剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力都大于添加低浓度凝聚剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力,增加凝聚剂浓度对提高悬浮液粘着性能具有积极意义。     

Effects of Malienated Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Rubber on Dynamic-Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Polyamide 66 (PA 66) Composites

Reactive blends of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polyamide (PA) 66 were prepared in the single screw and twin screw extruder using maleic anhydride as coupling agent and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator. The optimum concentration of DCP for grafting maleic anhydride on EPDM was determined. The grafting efficiency was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and (DMTA) tests were conducted to determine the damping, loss, and storage modulus of PA 66 composites. A capillary rheometer and parallel plate rheometer were employed to characterize the rheological properties at high and low shear rates. It was seen that the glass fibers are not long and continuous, and they act as fillers, therefore reducing the damping in the composite. No significant change was observed in the glass transition temperature of the blend as compared with the individual components, especially PA 66. In malienated EPDM blends with increasing EPDM from 10 to 15%, the height of glass transition temperature peak increases. Capillary rheometer tests show that for all samples the apparent viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate, which is a characteristic of a non-Newtonian pseudo plastic fluid. The viscosity ration of malienated EPDM and PA 66 shows a considerable difference between them and only at higher shear rates do the viscosities get closer.     

玻璃纤维增强HDPE熔体流变性能研究

采用毛细管式流变仪研究了不同温度条件下玻璃纤维（以下简称玻纤）增强ＨＤＰＥ复合材料熔体的流变性能，及其与材料界面粘结性、玻纤含量等的关系。实验结果表明：材料界面粘结强度越大，玻纤含量越高，熔体表观粘度对温度的敏感性减弱，对剪切速率的敏感性则增强。对该类材料的成型应选择稍高的加工温度及剪切速率较为适宜。     

简单剪切流场中PTT熔体的流变性能研究

研究了PTT熔体在简单剪切流场中的流变性能。结果表明,PTT熔体是典型的切力变稀型非牛顿流体,剪切流动符合幂律定律;随温度提高,熔体的△_η减小,但热降解增加;在相同γ下,相对分子质量增大,将使熔体的σ、η_a和△_η增大,n减小;PTT熔体的E_η值高于PET,且γ增大E_η值减小;n对T和γ有明显的依赖性,T提高n线性增大,而γ增大n明显减小,所以计算n时不能取其γ范围内的算术平均值,而应该取其微分值。     

轴承保持架用PA66玻纤增强料的研究

本文介绍了轴承保持架用PA66增强料的配方及性能，研究了采用双螺杆混炼机生产PA66增强料的工艺及控制。分析了玻纤和改性剂对PA66增强料的拉伸强度，弯曲模量，冲击强度的影响，探讨了不同粘度PAA66对增强材料性能的影响，并将试验结果和国内外同类产品做了比较，其性能完全达到轴承保持架的使用要求。     

Effect of electron-beam radiation on thermoplastic composites

Abstract

The effect of electron beam (EB) radiation on carbon fibre reinforced (CF) thermoplastic (PBT, PPS, PA) composites was investigated. To clarify whether crosslinking could take place without or only with the presence of a crosslinking agent, special attention was paid to the incorporation of this agent into polymer sheets with a carbon fibre content of 50% by volume. The thermal and mechanical properties of the materials before and after exposure under different irradiation doses were evaluated. For materials based on PBT, PPS and PA46, no significant changes in properties after irradiation could be observed. However, CF/PA66 exhibited some changes in the presence of a crosslinking agent after irradiation, which could be related to an irradiation-induced crosslinking reaction. The effect of irradiation on the flexural properties was insignificant but an improvement in the creep behaviour was observed. Non-reinforced PA66 plates were also manufactured and a gel content measurement indicated that crosslinking was successfully induced. Additional studies allowed the changes in the polymer due to this crosslink to be quantified.     

E-MA-GMA增容剂对PPS/PA66共混体系性能的影响

研究了增容剂乙烯(E)-丙烯酸酯(MA)-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)共聚物(E-MA-GMA)对聚苯硫醚(PPS)/聚酰胺(PA)66共混体系的相容性、力学性能、热性能、流变性能的影响。结果表明,增容剂的加入,增加了共混体系的相容性,提高了共混物的力学性能;DSC结果表明,E-MA-GMA影响共混体系的结晶和熔融行为;流变性能测试结果表明,增容PPS/PA66共混体系是假塑性流体,E-MA-GMA用量增加,使共混体系的表观黏度增大。     

Resonant frequency study of tensile and shear elasticity moduli of carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRC)

The dynamic elastic properties are important characteristics of composite materials. They control the vibrational behaviour of composite structures and are also an ideal tool for monitoring of the development of CFRCs’ mechanical properties during their processing (heat treatment, densification). The present studies have been performed to explore relations between the dynamic tensile and shear moduli and some structural features (viz., fibre fraction, fibre type, porosity, weave pattern of woven reinforcement) of various unidirectional or bi-directional fibre reinforced carbon/carbon composites, made out of PAN- or pitch-based fibres as reinforcements and phenolic resin or coal tar pitch as matrix precursors. The dynamic tensile and in-plane shear moduli were determined from resonant frequencies of a beam with free ends. The longitudinal dynamic Young’s modulus of unidirectional CFRC composites – besides its dependence on the original fibre modulus and fibre volume contents – also reflects changes induced in matrix and fibres by heat treatment. The in-plane shear modulus does not depend on the fibre type but there exists its distinct tendency to increase with increasing fibre fraction. For bi-directionally reinforced composites, the longitudinal tensile modulus is more sensitive to the fabric weave pattern than to the fibre type. Tensile modulus of diagonally cut specimens and in-plane shear modulus of longitudinally cut ones are mutually correlated and, therefore, simultaneously controlled by densification steps and graphitisation heat treatment.     

三维编织碳纤维增强尼龙6热机械性能研究

根据碱催化阴离子聚合原理制备了单体浇铸(MC)尼龙6(PA6)、长碳纤维增强尼龙6(PA6／CL)复合材料和三维编织碳纤维增强尼龙6(PA6／C3D)复合材料，分析了工艺影响因素，并通过动态热机械分析仪对材料的热机械性能进行了研究。结果表明，PA6／C3D复合材料比PA6的热强度高4．37倍，而玻璃化转变温度却基本未发生变化，PA6／C3D复合材料的综合性能优于PA6／CL复合材料。