基于连通性检测的图像椒盐噪声滤波算法

为了在滤除图像椒盐噪声的同时保护图像边缘细节,提出了一种基于连通性检测的图像椒盐噪声滤波算法。由于椒盐噪声点的灰度值与正常像素点的灰度值相比往往存在较大差异,本算法先通过比较像素点灰度值与其邻域像素点灰度值,将差异较大的像素点列为疑似噪声点,然后通过检测疑似噪声点是否是图像连通区域的一部分来判断该点是否是噪声点,最后通过中值滤波器将噪声点滤除。该算法可以有效区分图像区域边缘与椒盐噪声。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效去除密度范围从0～0.9的椒盐噪声,在0.9的噪声密度下,算法的峰值信噪比仍可达到30dB。满足有效去除不同密度范围的椒盐噪声的同时保护图像细节的要求。     

基于细节保留的椒盐噪声自适应滤波算法

针对灰度图像中椒盐噪声的特点,提出了一种更加精确的噪声检测方法:该方法利用滤波窗口内像素点灰度值的不同,将受椒盐噪声污染的图像中像素点划分为噪声点,疑似噪声点和信号点.通过设定阈值,并参考相邻像素点的相关性来进一步区分疑似噪声点,最终建立噪声标记矩阵.对于被标记的噪声点,采用自适应滤波算法,保留更多的图像细节.仿真结果表明,该算法在除去噪声点的同时,对于边缘细节也有非常好的保护作用.     

去除图像椒盐噪声的双向预测算法及其改进

在去除图像噪声的同时,如何避免图像细节信息的损失和边缘的模糊,是图像处理技术中的一个难点.针对灰度图像中存在的椒盐噪声问题,提出了基于双向预测算法的去噪方法.首先根据椒盐噪声的特点,判断图像像素是信号像素还是噪声像素.对于信号像素,保持灰度值不变;对于噪声像素,利用双向预测的方法来确定处理后该像素点的灰度值.针对上述方法中存在的不足之处,又提出了一种改进方案.改进方案在对噪声像素处理时,根据像素之间的相关性和像素本身的性质自适应地确定预测器的预测系数,提高了预测算法的去噪性能.实验结果表明,本文算法具有良好的去噪特性及细节保持特性.     

一种针对图像脉冲噪声的改进中值滤波算法北大核心

针对中值滤波算法在图像脉冲噪声处理中存在的不足,提出一种新的改进中值滤波算法。该方法根据噪声图像的极值和像素点滤波窗口的局部信息对滤波窗口内像素点(含待处理像素点)是否为噪声点进行判断,剔除滤波窗口内的噪声点,然后根据新的滤波窗口及待滤波的中心像素点灰度值信息进行滤波操作。以迭代的方法更新噪声图像中的每个像素点,从而去除图像中的脉冲噪声。实验结果表明,与传统中值、加权中值、多级中值滤波方法相比,该方法能有效去除图像中的脉冲噪声,并保持图像细节特征完整。     

基于相关度量的高椒盐噪声软阈值直方图滤波算法

利用图像邻域相关和直方图对椒盐噪声的鲁棒性,提出了一种针对高椒盐噪声图像的软阈值直方图加权滤波算法.对邻域灰度相关进行了量化分析,定义了灰度相关函数作为信号邻域相关性的度量,并将该系数作为直方图加权滤波算法的软阈值,根据像素被判定为噪声或有效信号的概率,自行调整滤波强度,减少图像滤波处理中的细节损失.仿真结果表明,对于高椒盐噪声图像,本算法在椒盐噪声滤除方面有良好的表现.     

一种针对图像脉冲噪声的改进中值滤波算法

针对中值滤波算法在图像脉冲噪声处理中存在的不足,提出一种新的改进中值滤波算法.该方法根据噪声图像的极值和像素点滤波窗口的局部信息对滤波窗口内像素点(含待处理像素点)是否为噪声点进行判断,剔除滤波窗口内的噪声点,然后根据新的滤波窗口及待滤波的中心像素点灰度值信息进行滤波操作.以迭代的方法更新噪声图像中的每个像素点,从而去除图像中的脉冲噪声.实验结果表明,与传统中值、加权中值、多级中值滤波方法相比,该方法能有效去除图像中的脉冲噪声,并保持图像细节特征完整.     

一种改进的中值滤波算法的研究

去除图像中的椒盐噪声是图像处理中的一个重要问题。传统的中值滤波算法,对所有的像素点采用相同的处理,使图像的细节变得模糊,同时降低了效率。本文针对这个问题,在多级中值滤波的基础上,提出了基于噪声点检测的多级中值滤波算法。通过Matlab仿真研究表明,该算法可以有效去除图像的椒盐噪声,并能更好的保护图像细节,同时具有很高的效率。     

多窗口自适应的面目标滤波算法研究

在研究传统红外面目标滤除椒盐噪声算法的基础上,提出了多窗口自适应的面目标滤波算法.针对椒盐噪声在红外图像上是区域灰度值极值的这一特征,根据噪声密度的大小调整窗口区域的范围,找出窗口区域内灰度的最大和最小值像素点.在信噪比较高的情况下,利用窗口区域周围像素灰度值对噪声点重新赋值;在信噪比较低的情况下,选取阈值去除误检点,减少误差.仿真结果表明,该算法在高信噪比的情况下,平均绝对误差较传统算法降低了约1%～2%:在低信噪比的情况下,通过阈值处理,峰值信噪比较处理前提高约1%～4%.     

带修正因子的均值和中值滤波算法研究

大部分自然图像同时包含高斯噪声和椒盐噪声,简单的运用传统的滤波算法不能得到理想的滤波效果。为了解决混合噪声图像的滤波问题,分别针对以高斯噪声为主的混合噪声图像和以椒盐噪声为主的混合噪声图像,提出了带修正因子的均值滤波算法和带修正因子的中值滤波算法。这两种算法是在修正后的阿尔法均值滤波算法的基础上做了两方面的改进：首先,提出在图像邻域内为不同灰度值的像素点给出归一化的权值,用这些权值和其对应的灰度值共同决定滤波输出。其次,所设计的权值可以用修正因子来进行微调,来获得理想的滤波效果。实验证明,其处理效果优于传统滤波算法和修正后的阿尔法均值滤波算法。     

一种多子窗口中值加权的高斯噪声滤波算法

为了有效地去除图像中的高斯噪声,提出一种多子窗口中值加权的滤波算法。算法采用5×5滤波窗口,并将其划分为9个3×3子窗口区域,先找出每个子窗口的中值像素点,然后求出每个中值像素点与它们的中值点差的绝对值,利用这些绝对值的平均值采用归一化方法计算出权值。最后将各子窗口的中值进行加权运算作为滤波窗口中心像素点的滤波输出。实验结果表明,该算法对图像中的高斯噪声具有较好的滤除性能,并且较好地保持了图像的细节,效果优于传统的滤波算法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks