基于提升Keystone变换的声呐宽带自适应波束形成方法

针对Keystone变换在宽带阵列预处理方面的优势和常规Keystone变换存在的阵元数据缺失问题,该文将自回归模型与常规Keystone变换相结合,提出一种基于提升Keystone变换的声呐宽带自适应波束形成算法。该算法首先将常规Keystone变换应用于宽带阵列信号的相位对齐,接着采用自回归模型对变换后各频段缺失的阵元数据进行预测补偿,最后通过稳健自适应波束形成处理获得目标方位输出结果。仿真实验结果表明,基于提升Keystone变换的宽带自适应波束形成算法性能优于常规Keystone自适应算法、指向最小方差自适应算法和聚焦自适应算法。     

TD-LMS在TD-SCDMA上行接收机中的应用

智能天线技术是TD-SCDMA系统中的一项关键技术。本文将研究TD-LMS(Transform Domain Least Mean Square)在TD-SCDMA上行自适应波束成型中的应用。首先通过误比特性能的比较发现基于小波的正交阵比常用的离散余弦变换正交阵更加适合于TD-LMS算法；其次为了检验这样一种算法的实用性，研究了定点计算的性能。蒙特卡罗仿真和复杂度分析的结果表明，基于小波变换的TD-LMS算法可以在自适应波束成型中得到应用以达到性能和复杂度的折衷。     

基于峰度自然对数最大化的信号盲分拣算法和盲波束形成

该文基于峰度自然对数最大化准则,提出了一种自适应一元信号盲分拣算法,提出的算法可以用于一元信号盲分离和进行盲波束形成,与基于峰度值最大化准则的KMA算法相比,收敛速度快,有较强的稳健性,将非线性函数引入学习速率的调节,算法自动选取学习步长,避免了人工选取学习速率不当而导致算法发散。同时,提出了两种复数抽气算法,配合一元信号盲分拣算法可以依次分离多个信号源,仿真试验验证了算法的有效性。用提出的算法在四元线阵上盲分离两个水声信号,结果发现,一元信号盲分离实现的盲波束形成波束图与最优波束接近。     

利用PN码的盲自适应波束形成算法

本文基于卫星导航定位系统接收机的智能天线抗干扰应用背景。研究了利用PN码的盲自适应波束形成算法。首先介绍了LS-DRMTA算法，然后提出了DR-LMS类自适应波束形成算法。仿真结果表明，DR-LMS类算法具有和LS-DRMTA算法；DR-LMS类算法。     

基于小波零树结构的自适应盲水印算法

提出了一种基于小波零树结构的小波域盲水印算法,该算法能自适应地选取和修改小波的重要系数进行数字水印信息的嵌入,且具有较好的鲁棒性。该算法利用小波变换后的重要系数序列与给定序列之间的相关性来判断提取水印,提取时不需要原图像。结果表明,该算法是一种有效和可行的盲水印算法。     

宽带波束域频率聚焦自适应波束形成算法

针对传统时延控制波束形成器无法适应宽带信号接收的问题,提出一种宽带波束域频率聚焦自适应波束形成算法。首先,通过时延控制方法在空间预设方位形成多个独立波束,利用傅里叶变换将多波束数据变换到频域,针对每个频点构造聚焦矩阵,通过聚焦变换将宽带信号对齐到同一参考频率;然后,估计子带聚焦后的协方差矩阵,并进行特征分解得到信号子空间;最后,利用基于特征子空间(ESB)的波束形成方法得到权矢量,实现自适应波束形成。仿真结果表明,该算法能够实现对宽带信号的自适应接收,具有良好的抗干扰能力和稳健性。     

基于正交小波变换的前馈神经网络盲均衡算法

针对前馈神经网络（FNN）盲均衡算法收敛速度慢、均方误差大的缺点,在分析FNN盲均衡算法和正交小波变换（OWT）理论的基础上,提出了基于正交小波变换的FNN盲均衡算法。该算法利用正交小波变换良好的去相关性,对FNN均衡器输入信号进行预处理后,降低了输入信号的自相关性,从而加快了收敛速度和减小了均方误差。水声信道盲均衡的仿真结果表明,该算法在收敛速度与均方误差方面的性能比FNN盲均衡算法优越。     

基于自适应变换矩阵的数字波束形成方法

与全自适应数字波束形成(ADBF)算法相比,运算量较小的部分ADBF算法性能存在一定程度的下降.为此文中研究了一种基于自适应变换矩阵的数字波束形成方法(T-ADBF).该方法利用对干扰形成的零陷信息,采用零点预处理算法自适应获得新变换矩阵,以形成新的波束指向.性能分析与仿真结果表明,该方法可在运算量少量增加的条件下,不损失系统自由度,接近ADBF算法的性能,具有显著的优越性.     

智能天线自适应盲波束成形算法研究

智能天线中的自适应算法又称为数字波束成形算法,其中,盲自适应算法是不需要专门的训练信号或确定信号,节省了因接收训练序列和导频信号而占用的频谱资源,提高了频谱利用率。因此,盲自适应波束形成算法受到越来越多的关注。本文主要对现有的各种盲算法原理进行逐一介绍,然后对比了各种算法的优点。     

智能天线自适应盲波束成形算法研究

智能天线中的自适应算法又称为数字波束成形算法,其中,盲自适应算法是不需要专门的训练信号或确定信号,节省了因接收训练序列和导频信号而占用的频谱资源,提高了频谱利用率.因此,盲自适应波束形成算法受到越来越多的关注.本文主要对现有的各种盲算法原理进行逐一介绍,然后对比了各种算法的优点.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.