纳米CaCO_3对高浓度聚烯烃色母粒色彩性能的影响

将纳米CaCO3加入到有机蓝颜料的浆料中经充分搅拌、干燥制备高浓度聚烯烃色母粒。利用测色仪测定用色母粒制成的薄膜和样板的着色力和遮盖力,研究纳米CaCO3对色母粒色彩性能的影响。结果表明,在不改变被着色制品色彩性能的前提下,纳米CaCO3可以替代部分颜料,最大替代比例可达到30%。在色母粒浓度为50%时,纳米CaCO3替代颜料的效果较好。当纳米CaCO3替代比例为15%时,所得制品的色彩性能与纯有机蓝颜料色母粒最为接近。     

凹凸棒土在聚烯烃红色母粒中的应用

将凹凸棒土与有机红颜料采用直接混合法进行混合,制成色母粒,并将色母粒添加到树脂里,采用平板硫化仪在不同温度下制备色板.利用测色仪测定色板的着色力及色差,研究其对色母粒色彩性能及耐热性能的影响,并通过SEM观察了凹凸棒土、颜料及两者混合后的微观形态.结果表明:用凹凸棒土可替代纯的有机红颜料,当替代比例小于20％时,制成的色母粒对塑料制品的色彩性能基本保持不变,此外,相比于纯的有机红颜料,凹凸棒土替代有机红颜料比例为20％时,颜料在聚烯烃塑料中的耐热温度可提高15℃左右.     

纳米硫酸钡对高浓度聚烯烃色母粒色彩性能的影响

将纳米BaSO4加入到颜料的浆料中进行充分搅拌、干燥,制备成高浓度聚烯烃色母粒。利用测色仪测定色母粒制成的薄膜和样板制品的着色力和遮盖力,研究其对色母粒色彩性能的影响。结果表明:在不改变被着色制品色彩性能的前提下,纳米BaSO4可以替代部分颜料,替代最大比例可达到30%。在色母粒浓度为50%时,纳米BaSO4替代颜料的效果最好。当纳米BaSO4替代比例为20%时,所得制品的色彩性能与纯PB15:3蓝颜料色母粒最为接近。     

超细BaSO4在塑料着色中的应用性能研究

用超细BaSO4分别替代不同比例的颜料应用于聚烯烃色母粒中,利用显微镜观察颜料的分散情况;利用测色仪测定色母粒制成的薄膜和样板制品的遮盖力和着色力,研究其对色母粒色彩性能的影响,并进行比较。结果表明:在不改变被着色制品色彩性能的前提下,超细BaSO4可以替代部分颜料,塑料制品的着色效果不会下降,甚至有所提高。     

纳米CaCO3对聚烯烃色母粒色彩性能的影响

用纳米CaCO3和普通活化CaCO3分别替代不同比例的颜料应用于聚烯烃色母粒中，利用测色仪测定色母粒制成的薄膜和样板制品的着色力和遮盖力，研究其对色母粒色彩性能的影响，并进行比较。结果表明，在不改变被着色制品色彩性能的前提下，纳米CaCO3可以替代部分颜料，且效果略优于普通活化CaCO3。色母粒中纳米CaCO3含量为10％（质量分数，下同）时，薄膜制品的光密度最大，遮盖力最高，分散效果最好。颜料的着色力在纳米CaCO3含量为20％时提高程度最大，而且体系的分散性也得到改善。     

纳米BaSO4和纳米CaCO3对色母粒色彩性能的影响

用纳米BaSO4和纳米CaCO3分别替代不同比例的颜料应用于聚烯烃色母粒中,利用测色仪测定色母粒所制薄膜和样板的着色力和遮盖力,研究两者对色母粒色彩性能的影响,并进行比较.结果表明,在不改变被着色制品色彩性能的前提下,纳米CaCO3和纳米BaSO4均可以替代部分颜料,塑料制品的着色效果不会下降,甚至有所提高,而且体系的分散性也得到改善;纳米BaSO4在聚烯烃色母粒中的应用效果比纳米CaCO3要好.     

铜铬黑颜料在聚烯烃色母粒中的应用

通过X射线光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对铜铬黑颜料元素种类及含量、结晶性能、颜料粒子形貌及分布进行研究,了解3种铜铬黑颜料的微观差异;并将3种颜料应用于色母粒,采用了积分球式测色仪、显微镜,分析了色母粒及其着色制品的着色力、分散性能和遮盖性能差异.结果表明:恰当的铜铬含量、粒度合适且均匀、结晶性能好可以使铜铬黑颜料在制品中呈现良好的着色性能、分散性能.当制备40％色母粒时,3种铜铬黑颜料若要达到最佳分散性能,其分散剂需要不同质量分数,颜料A需要7％、颜料B需要3％、颜料C需要1％.3种颜料均处于最佳分散性能时,铜铬黑A着色薄膜黑度值最大,样板明度值最小,表明颜料A着色性能最好.     

不同熔指的LDPE共混体系在色母粒中的应用

将熔体指数(MI)为40g/10 min的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)与MI=7g/10 min的LDPE按不同共混比制备颜料质量浓度为30%的聚烯烃蓝色母粒,并以添加了10%聚乙烯蜡的同类色母粒作为标样,进行了着色性能、流动性能和颜料分散性的对比.结果表明:当MI=40g/10 min的LDPE替代比例为40%时,色母粒的性能与标样最为接近.     

水磨法超细BaSO4在聚烯烃色母粒中的应用

采用扫描电镜及粒径分析仪研究了水磨法超细BaSO4的形态及粒径分布，并将其应用于聚烯烃色母粒，探讨了超细BaSO4对红黄蓝3种色母粒彩色性能的影响，井将国内外颜料进行了对比。结果表明，用超细BaSO4替代20%颜料制备的色母粒，其颜料在塑料制品中的着色性能和分散性良好。其中BaSO4用于替代红颜料制备的色母粒效果最好。     

热塑性聚氨酯蓝母粒的制备及性能研究

通过设计母粒配方和调控加工工艺,成功制备了颜料质量分数为20%的热塑性聚氨酯蓝母粒。并通过积分球式测色仪、光学显微镜和熔体流动速率仪,测试了热塑性聚氨酯蓝母粒及其着色制品的着色力、遮盖力、分散性及母粒的加工流动性能。结果表明,酞菁蓝15:3适用于制备热塑性聚氨酯色母粒,选择HPL6050作为分散剂,当其含量为8%时,制品具有最好的色彩性能和加工流动性能,且颜料粒子分散最好。     

Differences in color naming and color salience in Vietnamese and English

The accepted model of color naming postulates that 11 “basic” color terms representing 11 common perceptual experiences show increased processing salience due to a theorized linkage between perception, visual neurophysiology, and cognition. We tested this theory, originally proposed by Berlin and Kay in 1969. Experiment 1 tested salience by comparing unconstrained color naming across two languages, English and Vietnamese. Results were compared with previous research by Berlin and Kay, Boynton and Olson, and colleagues. Experiment 2 validated our stimuli by comparing OSA, Munsell, and newly rendered “basic” exemplars using colorimetry and behavioral measures. Our results show that the relationship between the visual and verbal domains is more complex than current theory acknowledges. An interpoint distance model of color‐naming behavior is proposed as an alternative perspective on color‐naming universality and color‐category structure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 113–138, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10131     

Measurement of memory of color

Colors produced by monochromatic wavelengths of light viewed in isolation have been used as the only visual variables in short‐term delayed matching (DM) and long‐term recall (LTR) protocols to quantify three types of color memory in individuals with normal color vision. Measurements were normally distributed, so that color memories of individuals could be compared in terms of means and standard deviations. The variance of LTR of colors of familiar objects is shown to be separable into two portions, one due to “preferred colors” and the other due to individuals' precisions of matching. The wavelength dependence of DM exhibited minima of standard deviations at the same wavelengths as those reported for color discrimination measured by bipartite wavelength matching, and these wavelengths were shown to occur at the wavelengths of the intersections of cone spectral sensitivities. In an intermediate “green” region of relatively constant color discrimination, it was possible to combine DM measurements for different wavelengths for statistical analysis. The standard deviations of DM for individuals of a healthy population were normally distributed, providing a 95% upper confidence limit for identifying individuals with possible short‐term memory impairment. Preliminary measurements of standard deviations of DM for delay times of ≤ 1 s were consistent with a proposed rapidly decaying color imagery memory. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 233–242, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10067     

Research on color harmony of building façades

In this study, the 28 primary colors and 11 complementary colors suggested by Chang et al in their investigation on building colors in Wanhua District of Taipei City were taken as color samples. The two-color combination mode was adopted to obtain 308 simulation photos, and two-color harmony was discussed from the perspective of visual evaluation using psychophysical tests. This study explored building façade color harmony in the CIELAB color space, and the relationship between the color attributes (hue, lightness, and chroma) and the color harmony, and between the differences of the color attributes and color harmony. It found that a high lightness of a building's primary color is associated with a high level of building color harmony, while the color harmony is reduced when the color falls in the green or blue sector in the CIELAB color space; a greater lightness difference between building façade colors is associated with a higher level of building color harmony, while the colors are disharmonized when they tend to the blue sector in the CIELAB color space. The contribution of this study is to summarize the principles for the application of building color harmony in urban renewal, and proposed suggestions on building color harmony in the urban renewal process.     

Color appearance and color connotation models for unrelated colors

The purpose of this research is to investigate the color appearance and color connotation of unrelated colors. To investigate color appearance (i.e., brightness, colorfulness, and hue) for unrelated colors, 22 observers have answered their color appearance for 50 unrelated color stimuli using the magnitude estimation method. Perceptual data obtained by the experiment is compared with the color attributes data estimated by unrelated‐color appearance models, CAM97u and CAM02u. It is found that both models perform reasonably well but the performance of CAM02u is better than that of CAM97u. For investigating color connotation for unrelated colors, 32 observers have judged their color connotation for the 50 unrelated color stimuli using the 10 color connotation scales (i.e., “Warm – Cool,” “Heavy – Light,” “Modern – Classical,” “Clean – Dirty,” “Active – Passive,” “Hard – Soft,” Tense – Relaxed,” “Fresh – Stale,” “Masculine – feminine,” and “like – Dislike”), and semantic differential method is used for measurement. It is found that the color connotation models developed for related colors perform poorly for unrelated colors. Experimental results indicate that brightness attribute is confusing to estimate and does not affect color connotation significantly for unrelated colors. Based on the psychophysical data, new models for “Warm‐Cool”, “Heavy‐Light”, “Active‐Passive” and “Hard‐Soft” were proposed using CAM02u hue, brightness, and colorfulness. Color connotations for unrelated colors are classified into three categories, which “Color solidity,” “Color heat,” and “Color purity.” © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 40–49, 2015     

Effects of hue,saturation, and brightness on preference

A study was done to investigate preference responses for foreground–background color relationships. To do this, 123 university undergraduates in Ankara, Turkey, were asked to view eight background colors selected from HSB color space on which color squares of differing hues, saturations, and brightnesses were presented. Subjects were asked to show the color square they preferred on the presented background color. Findings showed that colors having maximum saturation and brightness were most preferred. Blue was the most preferred hue regardless of background. The findings for preferences for foreground–background color relationships are also included in this article. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 199–207, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10051     

The total colorant sensitivity of a color matching recipe: An approach to colorant weighting and tinctorial strength errors

The repeatability of the recipe color can be affected by several different types of inevitable inaccuracies in the coloration process. Two of the major causes of poor target‐color reproducibility are the (random) weighing and (proportional) strength errors. This article describes alternative definitions of colorant strength sensitivity and total colorant sensitivity of a dyeing recipe. The influences of the maximal colorant weighing and strength errors are taken into account in order to bring the magnitudes of the two treated types of sensitivity into a mutually realistic balance between each other. The quantifications of precision and accuracy of a color matching recipe are also developed and combined into a single‐number measure of recipe quality. The listed quantities are expected to be useful in selecting the most reliable one(s) among the different formulations for the same standard color. The methods are presented for calculating numerical estimates of the newly introduced quantities. The precision and accuracy of the coloration process are investigated in laboratory experiments involving repeated dyeings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 300–306, 2008.     

Assessing the color of red wine like a taster's eye

Color of 33 commercial red wines and five‐color reference wines was measured in the same conditions in which visual color assessment is done by wine tasters. Measurements were performed in the two distinctive regions, center and rim, which are the regions assessed by wine tasters when the wine sampler is tilted. Commercial wines were classified into five color categories using the color specifications in their taste cards. The five color categories describe the spread of red hues found in red wines from the violet to brown nuances. The performance of CIELAB color coordinates in terms of their ability to reproduce the observed classification has been established using discriminant analysis. The CIELAB hue angle, h_ab, measured in the rim, where wine thickness is of the order of few millimeters, gives the best results classifying correctly 71.1% of the samples. Classification results are not significantly improved when additional color coordinates are considered. Moreover, ΔE* color differences with color reference wines do not provide good classification results. The analysis of reference and commercial wines supports the fact that hue is the main factor in the classification done by wine tasters. This is reinforced by the linear correlation found between h_ab in the rim and the wine age (R² = 0.795) in accordance with the fact that wines change their hues from violet to brown tints with ageing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 153–162, 2009     

建筑涂料色彩的设计方法研究——基于中国颜色体系国家标准

介绍了中国颜色体系国家标准,以及中国颜色体系国家标准在建筑涂料色彩应用中的设计方法、未来建筑涂料色彩的发展趋势等。     

Experimental determination of laws of color harmony. Part 2: Harmony content of different monochrome color pairs

In 1956, we came to the decision at the Budapest Technical University to start large scale experiments on color harmony. The experiments and the processing of the experimental results have been completed in 2006, after 50 years of research work. The focal point of the experiments published in the current article has been the practical experience that the span of intervals between saturations and brightnesses of the compositions influence the harmony content of the composition, namely they determine in what extent we perceive the color composition as a harmonic one. Within the framework of experiments compositions have been shown to the participants, first those consisting of color pairs featuring the same hues and saturations but different brightnesses then those consisting of the same hues and brightnesses but different saturations. The method of experiments consisted of comparisons in pairs. There were 780 compositions prepared for the tests. The number of elementary observations during the tests comprised 544 000. It has been established that the variation of harmony content as a function of brightness‐ and saturation‐intervals could be described by a harmony function. It has been established that the variation of harmony content depending on brightness‐intervals is not, but that of depending on saturation intervals is being influenced by the hues of colors of the color pair in the composition. It has been established that in case of compositions with the maximum harmony content the interval of brightnesses of the colors making the color pair in each case gives d30V (d9Y), the interval of saturations gives d30T or is near to it. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 262–270, 2008.