一种在Internet环境下提交与发布Z规格说明的方法

用形式方法开发软件可提高软件系统的正确性和可靠性，并可提高软件开发的效率。Z是一种基于状态的形式规格说明语言。但是一直以来形式方法在工业上不能得到普遍的应用，一个原因是它缺乏有效的支持工具以及向通用的工业标准转化的连接。本文首先用JAVA语言和XML开发了一种方法，使得用户能够在不同的平台上、不同的浏览器上利用GUI的方式编辑Z规格说明，进而转化成服务器端的以XML方式描述的Z模式。通过XSL所定义的格式，又将以XML方式描述的Z发布到网页上。从而实现了Z规格说明在WWW环境下的共享与发布。     

用UML模拟对象模型

从分析传统开发方法的不适应性，提出克服传统方法缺点的新途径。UML是一种通用的标准的统一建模语言，支持从需求分析开始的软件开发全过程，UML中的图形标记，尤其适用于描述面向对象的软件设计。用面向对象方法开发软件，在任何情况下，对象模型始终都是最重要、最基本、最核心的。文中给出了一种用UML来模拟对象模型的有效方法，通过可视化建模，使软件设计工具发挥更大的效用，更好地提高模型的重用性。     

Validation of static properties in unified modeling language models for cyber physical systems

Cyber physical systems (CPSs) can be found nowadays in various fields of activity. The increased interest for these systems as evidenced by the large number of applications led to complex research regarding the most suitable methods for design and development. A promising solution for specification, visualization, and documentation of CPSs uses the Object Management Group (OMG) unified modeling language (UML). UML models allow an intuitive approach for embedded systems design, helping end-users to specify the requirements. However, the UML models are represented in an informal language. Therefore, it is difficult to verify the correctness and completeness of a system design. The object constraint language (OCL) was defined to add constraints to UML, but it is deficient in strict notations of mathematics and logic that permits rigorous analysis and reasoning about the specifications. In this paper, we investigated how CPS applications modeled using UML deployment diagrams could be formally expressed and verified. We used Z language constructs and prototype verification system (PVS) as formal verification tools. Considering some relevant case studies presented in the literature, we investigated the opportunity of using this approach for validation of static properties in CPS UML models.     

An object-oriented approach to formally analyze the UML 2.0 activity partitions

Nowadays, UML is the de-facto standard for object-oriented analysis and design. Unfortunately, the deficiency of its dynamic semantics limits the possibility of early specification analysis. UML 2.0 comes to precise and complete this semantics but it remains informal and still lacks tools for automatic validation. The main purpose of this study is to automate the formal validation, according a value-oriented approach, of the behavior of systems expressed in UML. The marriage of Petri nets with temporal logics seems a suitable formalism for translating and then validating UML state-based models. The contributions of the paper are threefold. We first, consider how UML 2.0 activity partitions can be transformed into Object Petri Nets to formalize the object dynamics, in an object-oriented context. Second, we develop an approach based on the object and sequence diagram information to initialize the derived Petri nets in terms of objects and events. Finally, to thoroughly verify if the UML model meets the system required properties, we suggest to use the OCL invariants exploiting their association end constructs. The verification is performed on a predicate/transition net explored by model checking. A case study is given to illustrate this methodology throughout the paper.     

形式描述语言COOZ的集成支撑环境COOZ—Tools

介绍支持面向对象的形式描述语言ＣＯＯＺ的集成支撑环境ＣＯＯＺ－Ｔｏｏｌｓ的设计原则、系统结构、功能、特点和关键的实现技术。ＣＯＯＺ是Ｚ语言的面向对象扩充,从而将形式化语言和面向对象机制有机结合起来。ＣＯＯＺ－Ｔｏｏｌｓ支持基于ＣＯＯＺ的软件开发,它主要由如下工具组成：规格说明编辑、浏览工具、语法语义检查工具、联机帮助工具、项目管理工具。     

Cognitive support,UML adherence,and XMI interchange in Argo/UML

Software design is a cognitively challenging task. Most software design tools provide support for editing, viewing, storing, and transforming designs, but lack support for the essential and difficult cognitive tasks facing designers. These cognitive tasks include decision-making, decision ordering, and task-specific design understanding.This paper describes Argo/UML, an object-oriented design tool using the unified modeling language (UML) design notation. Argo/UML supports several identified cognitive needs of software designers. This support is provided in the form of design tool features. We describe each feature in the context of Argo/UML and provide enough detail to enable other tool builders to provide similar support in their own tools. We also discuss our implementation of the UML and XMI standards, and our development approach.     

Using UML Action Semantics for model execution and transformation

The Unified Modelling Language (UML) lacks precise and formal foundations and semantics for several modeling constructs, such as transition guards or method bodies. These semantic discrepancies and loopholes prevent executability, making early testing and validation out of reach of UML tools. Furthermore, the semantic gap from high-level UML concepts to low-level programming constructs found in traditional object-oriented language prevents the development of efficient code generators.The recent Action Semantics (AS) proposal tackles these problems by extending the UML with yet another formalism for describing behavior, but with a strong emphasis on dynamic semantics. This formalism provides both, a metamodel integrated into the UML metamodel, and a model of execution for these statements. As a future OMG standard, the AS eases the move to tool interoperability, and allows for executable modeling and simulation.We explore in this paper a specificity of the AS: its applicability to the UML metamodel, itself a UML model. We show how this approach paves the way for powerful metaprogramming for model transformation. Furthermore, the overhead for designers is minimal, as mappings from usual object-oriented languages to the AS will be standardized.     

用UML设计XML文档模式

XML是新一代的置标语言,它定义了一种描述数据、交换数据的标准。W3CXMLSchema是定义和描述XML文档结构的模式语言。UML是一种得到广泛应用的标准对象建模语言。文章以B2C中的电子定单为例,描述了用UML设计XML文档模式的方法。     

一种利用UML构建XML文档的方法

信息技术的发展使得传统的 XML文档构建方式越来越难以满足当前对于构建 XML文档的要求。介绍了一种利用 UML设计 XML文档及其 Schema的方法 ,并给出了一个具体的应用实例。     

Converting XML DTDs to UML diagrams for conceptual data integration

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is fast becoming the new standard for data representation and exchange on the World Wide Web, e.g., in B2B e-commerce. Modern enterprises need to combine data from many sources in order to answer important business questions, creating a need for integration of web-based XML data. Previous web-based data integration efforts have focused almost exclusively on the logical level of data models, creating a need for techniques that focus on the conceptual level in order to communicate the structure and properties of the available data to users at a higher level of abstraction. The most widely used conceptual model at the moment is the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

This paper presents algorithms for automatically constructing UML diagrams from XML DTDs, enabling fast and easy graphical browsing of XML data sources on the web. The algorithms capture important semantic properties of the XML data such as precise cardinalities and aggregation (containment) relationships between the data elements. As a motivating application, it is shown how the generated diagrams can be used for the conceptual design of data warehouses based on web data, and an integration architecture is presented. The choice of data warehouses and On-Line Analytical Processing as the motivating application is another distinguishing feature of the presented approach.     

基于UML的人机接口设计

简述了利用UML建模语言实现面向对象的嵌入式人机接口设计,并提出了一种新的嵌入式软件设计方法,用面向对象的思想和工具进行软件的分析与建模,再用面向对象的C语言进行软件编码。新的方法实现了嵌入式系统软件开发的可移植性、可理解性和稳定性,并提高软件开发的效率,在多款智能仪表的软件开发上得到了良好应用。     

Registry support for core component-based business document models

Electronic data interchange is the domain of exchanging business documents in a structured format. Nowadays, these systems take more and more advantage of service-oriented solutions. Nevertheless, a rigorous approach to customize the input and output messages of these services to the context of a business partnership is required. In this paper, we suggest a model-driven approach to develop the XML Schemas of input and output messages of web services. Since classical data modeling approaches like regular UML class diagrams are not sufficient for modeling business documents, we base our approach on the UN/CEFACT Core Components Technical Specification (CCTS), which does not come with a presentation syntax. Thus, we deliver a UML profile extending class diagrams by CCTS concepts, called UML Profile for Core Components (UPCC). UPCC models are transferred to equivalent XML Schemas following well-defined naming and design rules. In order to allow for an easy search and retrieval of core component business document definitions, a registry is needed. The registry has to handle UPCC models—that are exchanged and stored in XMI—as well as their XML Schema equivalences. In this paper, we extend the ebRIM registry meta-model for the special purpose of registering core component artifacts and defining their interdependencies.     

UML技术在零部件资源协同管理系统中的应用

组建计算机支持的网络化协同设计平台,需要建立起支持协同设计的基于Web零部件管理系统。UML作为一种目前被广泛应用的面向对象软件建模语言,正好满足了零部件管理系统在设计与开发阶段的需求。首先简要概括了UML软件建模技术的内容和步骤;然后结合零部件管理系统的实际需求,给出了UML系统建模的详细设计应用实例,并在文章的最后介绍了系统实施开发的方案。     

The UML as a formal modeling notation

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is an Object Management Group (OMG) object-oriented (OO) modeling notation standard. It consists of a set of notations for modeling systems from a variety of views and at varying levels of abstraction. While the UML reflects some of the best OO modeling experiences available, it suffers from a lack of precise semantics that is necessary if one is to use the notations to precisely model systems and to rigorously reason about the models. In this paper we discuss some of the problems with the current UML semantic document and present the approach that the precise UML group (pUML) group is using to develop a precise semantics for the UML. The approach utilizes mathematical techniques to explore and gain insights into appropriate semantics for UML modeling concepts. The insights and formal expressions will then be used to develop a UML semantics document written in natural language that defines the semantics in a precise, consistent, and understandable manner.     

Aspect-oriented model-driven skeleton code generation: A graph-based transformation approach

Model-driven code generation has been investigated in traditional and object-oriented design paradigms; significant progress has been made. It offers many advantages including the rapid development of high quality code. Errors are reduced and the consistency between the design and the code is retained, in comparison with a purely manual approach. Here, a model-driven code generation approach based on graph transformations for aspect-oriented development is proposed. The approach has two main transformation activities. The first activity transforms a visual (graphical) model of the design into a formal, text-based notation that can be readily processed. The graphical model is created by the software designer and uses a UML profile for aspect-oriented software (i.e., FDAF) to represent aspects and their components. XML is the target notation for this step; the transformation uses the XML meta-model to ensure that the output complies with the language. The second activity transforms the XML model into AspectJ source code. The transformation uses the AspectJ meta-model to ensure the output complies with the language. The transformations from the extended UML model to XML and from XML to AspectJ code are fully automated. The transformation algorithms are based on graph transformations; tool support has been developed. Key technical issues in the approach are discussed, including performance, the amount of code generated, correctness, and adaptability, in addition to a comparison of the proposal with existing alternative approaches. The approach has been validated on three example systems: a banking system, classroom scheduling system, and an insurance system. The banking system example is presented in the paper.     

XML的数据建模及其应用

分析了XML文档在应用中存在的静态和动态特性，提出了静态模型和动态模型的建模准则，并利用UML将XML文档的开发融入软件统一开发过程中。重点讨论如何通过数据建模设计出一个良好的XML文档，并简单介绍了一个XML文档实例。     

面向对象的本体建模研究

UML语言是面向对象建模领域公认的工业标准,而本体建模是近来迅速发展的语义网中主要建模技术,UML在本体建模领域中的应用的可行性和具体方式一直是关注的焦点。该文对面向对象建模与本体建模之间的关系进行分析,基于UML本体承诺的概念,阐述了用UML对本体进行建模的本体对象建模的可行性,提出一种规范本体对象建模的UML元模型扩展方法,为UML直接对本体建模提供了理论依据。     

运用UML对基于J2EE的Web应用系统建模研究

构建基于J2EE的Web应用系统是当前的热点,UML是用于建立面向对象系统模型的标准建模语言,如何运用UML对Web应用系统建模是一个新的研究方向.阐述了结合使用J2EE和UML的原因以及如何运用UML实现对J2EE的建模表示,探讨了运用UML对基于J2EE的Web应用系统建模的一般过程和方法,并结合一个网上拍卖系统的建模实例,详细说明了其建模过程和建模方法.通过对Web应用系统建模,可以有效地保证Web应用系统开发的质量.     

MDA-based visual modeling approach for resources link relationships using UML profile

Current XML editors do not provide conceptual modeling for XLink. This leads to inefficient development processes, and a low potential for reuse. To address these shortcomings, this study presents a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach with the UML profile to build XLink applications for various domains. This investigation demonstrates how users can use the UML profile to provide a conceptual and visual modeling for XLink applications, and automatically generate different XLink-based documents for various domains. The proposed methodology enables Web-based system developers to generate relationships between resources, and to improve software quality by adopting software engineering techniques in XML development.