聚乳酸增韧改性研究进展

聚乳酸(PLA)具有良好的热稳定性、生物降解性、生物相容性以及优良的力学性能.但因PLA脆性大、柔韧性差,必须通过增韧改性提高其加工和应用性能.从橡胶或弹性体增韧改性、聚酯增韧改性以及聚己内酯增韧改性等方面综述了 PLA增韧改性的研究进展.     

聚乳酸增韧改性研究进展

聚乳酸(PLA)以可再生资源为原料,具有良好的热稳定性、生物降解性、生物相容性以及优良的力学性能。但因PLA脆性大、柔韧性差,必须通过增韧改性提高其加工和应用性能。本文综述了PLA通过共混、增塑、共聚、接枝、交联等几种增韧改性技术的最新研究进展。     

有机改性蒙脱土改性聚乳酸研究进展

聚乳酸是一种生物可降解高分子材料,具有较高的拉伸强度和良好的加工性能,但韧性较差。蒙脱土是一种层状硅酸盐纳米填料,具有高比表面积、低有效填充量、来源广泛和价格低廉等优点。采用有机改性蒙脱土纳米填料来改性聚乳酸,是一种提高聚乳酸性能的有效方法。综述了有机改性蒙脱土改性聚乳酸的4种方法,即直接共混改性聚乳酸、改性聚乳酸/韧性塑料共混物、改性聚乳酸/弹性体共混物、其他填料协同改性聚乳酸,介绍了其研究进展和存在的问题,并展望其前景。     

聚乳酸类材料的水解特性

聚乳酸具有良好的生物降解性、生物相容性和生物可吸收性,研究其在水中的降解行为对于指导聚乳酸的改性,满足不同的实际需要有非常重要的意义.本文对聚乳酸类降解材料的水解机理、影响水解的因素进行了综述.     

聚乳酸阻燃改性研究进展

聚乳酸是目前最具前景的生物基可降解材料之一,具有诸多优点而被广泛应用于生物医疗与家纺服饰等领域。然而,聚乳酸材料仍存在着易燃烧的不足,限制了其在阻燃要求较高领域的应用与发展,因此聚乳酸阻燃改性迫在眉睫。为更好地掌握聚乳酸阻燃改性现状与发展趋势,本文首先简要介绍了聚乳酸的燃烧过程与阻燃机理,为聚乳酸阻燃改性提供了理论指导。其次,全面综述了聚乳酸阻燃改性的最新进展,包括物理共混、化学共聚与表面修饰等方法,重点阐述了聚乳酸物理共混阻燃改性现状,同时分析总结了不同添加型阻燃剂的优缺点。最后,结合聚乳酸结构特点与阻燃材料发展态势,提出绿色环保、多功能性、高效稳定等阻燃聚乳酸材料将成为未来发展趋势。     

聚乳酸基生物降解共混物的制备及应用

聚乳酸(PLA)是一种应用前景良好的生物基绿色高分子材料,具有良好的力学性能、生物相容性和生物可降解性,但PLA存在的韧性差、熔体强度低等性能缺陷很大程度上限制了其更广泛应用。通过与其他生物降解聚合物共混改性可以有效改善PLA的这些性能。文章综述了近年来国内外在聚乳酸与其他生物可降解物质共混改性材料的制备以及其在包装袋、生物降解地膜方面的应用,主要包括了聚乳酸/聚碳酸亚丙酯、聚乳酸/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚乳酸/聚羟基脂肪酸酯、聚乳酸/淀粉等其混体系。     

生物降解材料——聚乳酸改性研究进展

综述了近几年聚乳酸生物降解材料的改性进展.改性方法分为化学改性和物理改性.化学改性包括共聚、交联、表面修饰等,主要是通过改变聚合物大分子或表面结构改善其脆性、疏水性及降解速率等;物理改性主要是通过共混、增塑及纤维复合等方法实现对聚乳酸的改性.     

聚乳酸改性研究

绿色环保材料聚乳酸具有良好的生物降解性、相容性及化学惰性,同时又具有性脆,耐热性差等缺点,本文针对这些缺点,通过加入不同种类、不同比例的增塑剂及助剂对聚乳酸进行修饰。应用热机械分析仪（TMA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、动态力学分析仪（DMA）等对其性能进行了分析。实验结果表明改性后的聚乳酸在保持生物降解性的同时热稳定性、韧性等方面都有显著提高。改性后的聚乳酸玻璃化转变温度比改性前提高了7℃,耐热性得到改善;通过动态力学分析及扫描电镜图观测,改性后聚乳酸材料的脆性明显得到改善。     

聚乳酸共聚改性的研究现状及发展

聚乳酸(PLA)具有优异的机械性能,良好生物相容性、生物降解性、生物可吸收性,但常温下性脆、疏水性、耐热性差,对聚乳酸共聚改性已成为研究热点。本文详细阐述了单官能团小分子,双种双官能团有机小分子,双官能团有机小分子及高分子直接共聚改性聚乳酸的方法,并对PLA的研究方向进行了展望。     

聚乳酸的改性及应用进展

综述了近几年聚乳酸生物降解材料的改性进展。改性方法分为化学改性和物理改性。化学改性包括共聚、交联、表面修饰等，主要是通过改变聚合物大分子或表面结构改善其脆性、疏水性及降解速率等；物理改性主要是通过共混、增塑及纤维复合等方法实现对聚乳酸的改进。     

Electrospun polylactide/silk fibroin–gelatin composite tubular scaffolds for small‐diameter tissue engineering blood vessels

Many synthetic scaffolds have been used as vascular substitutes for clinical use. However, many of these scaffolds may not show suitable properties when they are exposed to physiologic vascular environments, and they may fail eventually because of some unexpected conditions. Electrospinning technology offers the potential for controlling the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of scaffolds. In this study, a tubular scaffold (inner diameter = 4.5 mm) composed of a polylactide (PLA) fiber outside layer and a silk fibroin (SF)–gelatin fiber inner layer (PLA/SF–gelatin) was fabricated by electrospinning. The morphological, biomechanical, and biological properties of the composite scaffold were examined. The PLA/SF–gelatin composite tubular scaffold possessed a porous structure; the porosity of the scaffold reached 82 ± 2%. The composite scaffold achieved the appropriate breaking strength (1.28 ± 0.21 MPa) and adequate pliability (elasticity up to 41.11 ± 2.17% strain) and possessed a fine suture retention strength (1.07 ± 0.07 N). The burst pressure of the composite scaffold was 111.4 ± 2.6 kPa, which was much higher than the native vessels. A mitochondrial metabolic assay and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that both 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells grew and proliferated well on the composite scaffold in vitro after they were cultured for some days. The PLA/SF–gelatin composite tubular scaffolds presented appropriate characteristics to be considered as candidate scaffolds for blood vessel tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Thermal,mechanical, and rheological properties of plasticized poly(L‐lactic acid)

Polylactide (PLA) is an attractive candidate for replacing petrochemical polymers because it is biodegradable. In this study, a specific PLA 2002D was melt‐mixed with a new plasticizer: glycerol monostearate (GMS). The PLA/GMS blends with different ratios were analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Although a slightly phase separation can be seen in DSC curves, the SEM micrographs of the impact fracture surfaces of PLA/GMS blends had a relatively good separation and this phenomenon was in good agreement with their higher impact strength. The result showed that the adding of GMS has enhanced the flexibility of PLA/GMS blends as compared to neat PLA. The relationship between complex viscosity and angular frequency of the PLA/GMS blends exhibits that the melt viscosity substantially lower than that of neat PLA. For example, at 10 rad/s, the melt viscosity of PLA/GMS (85/15) was reduced by about 7.2% compared to that of neat PLA. The impact strength was changed from 4.7 KJ/m² for neat PLA to 48.2 KJ/m² for 70/30 PLA/GMS blend. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Ultrasonic welding of plasticized PLA films

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a commercially available biobased material that has become an ideal material in packaging applications because of its low toxicity along with its environmentally friendly characteristics. Unfortunately, PLA is rigid and brittle. These characteristics impede its wide application. The flexibility of PLA can be improved by plasticization. In addition, welding polymer films is essential in the packaging production. Therefore, the weldability by means of ultrasonic welding of the neat and with polyethylene glycol plasticized PLA films was analyzed in this study. Moreover, the study examines the influence of the material composition on the processing window, that is, the range of welding parameters which could be used to weld films efficiently, and on the weld quality. This research showed that all examined films can be welded by ultrasonic welding. Furthermore, it was discovered that the addition of a plasticizer has a strong influence on the processing window and on the weld quality. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41351.     

Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite@polydopamine composite nanofibers for tissue engineering

Electrospun nanofibers have attracted tremendous attention because of their similar structure with extracellular matrix. In this work, the polydopamine (PDA) coating layer was first applied to modify hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and obtain functional HA@PDA nanoparticles. Subsequently, the polylactic acid (PLA)/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning. The hydrophilicity and water absorption of PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were larger than those of PLA and PLA/HA composite nanofibers. The thermal stability, static and dynamic mechanical properties of PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers significantly increased because the PDA coating layer on the surface of the HA nanoparticles acted like a glue-like transition layer, which led to an increase in interfacial adhesion between HA@PDA nanoparticles and the PLA matrix. The attachment and viability of mouse embryonic osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) cultured on the PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were significantly increased compared with those cultured on the PLA and PLA/HA composite nanofibers. These results suggested that the PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers have superior mechanical and biological properties, which makes it potentially useful for tissue engineering scaffolds.     

Preparation and physical properties of polylactide/cellulose nanowhisker/nanoclay composites

Polylactide (PLA) has been getting lots of interests in step with global concerns on sustainable green technology because it is biodegradable with reasonable mechanical strength and can be processed quite easily. But, to compete with commodity polymers in the market PLA‐based green composites need to have higher mechanical and thermal properties. Therefore, in this study, cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) as well as nanoclay were used as nanofillers to improve physical properties of PLA. CNWs were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder by acid hydrolysis, and confirmed by TEM. To improve interfacial bonding between PLA and CNWs maleic anhydride‐grafted PLA (MAPLA) was prepared and used as a compatibilizer. PLA‐based composites were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding. Mechanical properties of the composites were measured by UTM and DMA. The melt mixing conditions were optimized first, and then composition was optimized step by step to obtain a PLA‐based green composite with excellent physical properties. CNWs were much better than MCC powder as reinforcing natural fillers. MAPLA and nanoclay could improve considerably physical properties of the PLA‐based composites. Compared to the PLA/MCC composite the tensile strength of the PLA/CNW/MAPLA/nanoclay composite was almost doubled and the glass transition temperature of the composite was 23°C higher, making the composite possible for commercial applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Ductile PLA modified with methacryloyloxyalkyl isocyanate improves mechanical properties

The majority of the biodegradable polymers in clinical use are composed of stiff materials that exhibit limited extendibility with unsuitably high Young’s modulus and low elongation at break values that make them non-optimal for various biomedical applications. Polylactide (PLA) is often used as a biomedical material because it is biodegradable, but the physical and mechanical properties of PLA need to be improved for biomedical applications. In order to improve the flexibility and strength of biodegradable PLA, various reaction conditions were studied. Urethane structure polymer materials were prepared; PLA was reacted with a small amount of methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate (MOI) to obtain a ductile PLA with markedly improved mechanical properties. Elongation at break increased by 20 times when compared to neat PLA. Impact resistance (notched) improved 1.6 times. Thus, this modified PLA biodegradable polymer may have greater application as a biomedical material with increased mechanical properties.     

PLN/TiO2杂化材料的制备及抗凝血研究

基于溶胶凝胶法,以自制聚乳酸（PLA）、钛酸四正丁酯（TBT）为原料,制备PLA/TiO2有机无机杂化材料。FT—IR、XPS分析结果显示,PLA与TiO2组分间以Ti-O-C键合。动态凝血时间测定法测定结果表明,TiO2的引入提高了聚乳酸的抗凝血能力,并且在加入量为4wt％时效果最佳。     

Poly(lactic acid) crystallization

Poly(lactic acid) is a biobased and compostable thermoplastic polyester that has rapidly evolved into a competitive commodity material over the last decade. One key bottleneck in extending the use of PLA is the control of its crystallinity. Understanding the crystallization behavior is particularly crucial to control PLA's degradation rate, thermal resistance as well as optical, mechanical and barrier properties. PLA crystallization has also been a particularly rich topic from a fundamental point of view because of the existence of the two enantiomeric forms of lactic acid that can be used to control the crystallization rate but also to form high melting point stereocomplex structures. This article presents an overview of the current understanding on the fundamentals of PLA crystallization in quiescent conditions and on the practical means to enhance its rate. Data from the abundant literature on PLA crystallization were compiled and analyzed to provide comprehensive relationships between crystallization kinetics and the main molecular structure characteristics of PLA. In addition, the most promising efforts in enhancing PLA crystallization kinetics through plasticization or heterogeneous nucleation were reviewed.     

Effect of interface on elastic and toughening behavior in poly lactic acid/thermoplastic starch blends: Micromechanical finite element analysis

It is frequently emphasized that the action of interfacial adhesion is a critical parameter to improve the stiffness and toughness of polylactic acid/thermoplastic starch (PLA/TS) blends. In this work, the micromechanical behavior of PLA/TS blends with droplet morphology selected from literature is predicted and analyzed systematically by finite element analysis. A quantitative assessment of the effect of interface (perfect or imperfect) on the elastic behavior and craze initiation for toughening of PLA/TS blends is presented. For the elastic behavior, the PLA phase is the blend's load-bearing component as the TS is more compliant than PLA, so an interface perfectly bonded reduces the blend's elastic modulus when compared to the modulus obtained if the interface is weakly bonded. Regarding the toughening behavior, as a compliant phase, the TS has the potential to nucleate stable crazes in the host PLA matrix independently of the degree of interfacial adhesion because the highly stressed region lies near the equator of the particle; nonetheless, the critical stress for craze initiation is very sensitive to the TS particle size. On the other hand, as the TS is less capable than PLA to develop large hydrostatic stresses, the TS has a low potential to dissipate energy by cavitation.     

癸二酸二苯甲酰肼对PLA等温结晶行为及拉伸性影响

采用熔融共混法制备聚乳酸/癸二酸二苯甲酰肼(PLA/SBH)共混物。通过差示扫描量热(DSC)分析研究成核剂SBH添加量以及等温温度对PLA熔体等温结晶行为的影响。由结晶动力学分析可知,随着SBH添加量增大,PLA半结晶时间大幅缩短,结晶速率显著加快。加入SBH后,Avrami指数在2.51~3.14之间,PLA熔体结晶以异相成核为主,晶体生长为三维生长。对于PLA急冷模压样条,结晶度仅为2.9%。而加入1.0份SBH后,PLA熔体在134℃下经过3 min等温结晶处理后,所得PLA/SBH(100/1.0)模压样条结晶度达到42.0%。相对于急冷PLA样条,经过热处理的PLA/SBH(100/1.0)样条的维卡软化点由64.3℃大幅提升至160.6℃,而拉伸强度也有所增大。