航天器姿态机动及稳定的自抗扰控制

针对航天器动力学参数不确定性以及系统存在外部持续干扰的问题, 提出了一种自抗扰姿态控制器的设计方法. 在为期望姿态安排过渡过程的基础上, 设计了扩张状态观测器, 对参数不确定性和外部干扰进行估计, 并实时补偿. 为抑制跟踪误差, 设计了非线性状态误差反馈律. 仿真结果表明, 该控制器不仅能很好地估计并补偿系统受到的持续干扰, 而且对航天器动力学参数的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性, 满足航天器姿态快速机动和高稳定度的控制要求, 性能指标明显优于PD控制.     

二自由度无人直升机的非线性自抗扰姿态控制

无人机高性能姿态控制的难题之一是无人机系统模型通常无法精确建立且受到复杂外部干扰的作用.针对这一难题,本文提出了二自由度无人直升机姿态控制的非线性自抗扰控制设计方法.该方法的主要思想是将系统内部的未建模动态和外部干扰等不确定性因素作为"总扰动",利用输入输出信息在线观测,并在反馈控制环节对其进行补偿.本文发展了非线性扩...     

二阶自抗扰控制器的参数简化

为了克服PID控制器自身具有的缺陷，在PID的基础上提出了自抗扰控制器（ADRC）。该控制器由跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器和非线性状态误差反馈三部分组成，其控制效果优于经典PID控制器，但是参数众多、调节复杂。通过线性简化和参数整合建立简化的线性自抗扰控制器。MATLAB仿真表明，简化的线性自抗扰控制器参数调节过程大大简化，而控制性能并未受到明显影响。     

执行器故障不确定非线性系统的自抗扰控制

针对不确定非线性系统的执行器故障问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的自抗扰控制方法.首先,将系统的内部扰动、外部扰动,以及实际故障执行器和理想线性执行器之间的偏差定义为总扰动,并利用扩张状态观测器进行实时估计和补偿,消除总扰动对系统输出的影响;然后,设计误差反馈控制律,使系统获得满意的跟踪性能;最后,两个二阶控制系统的仿...     

非仿射系统的自学习滑模抗扰控制

针对一类单输入单输出(single-input single-output,SISO)非仿射非线性系统的控制问题,提出了一种自学习滑模抗扰控制方法.该方法用非线性光滑函数设计扩张状态观测器,实现SISO非仿射非线性系统内部不确定性和外部扰动的扩张状态估计,并将扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)与自学习滑模控制技术融为一体,实现SISO非仿射非线性系统的自学习滑模抗扰控制.该方法不依赖受控对象的数学模型,可以快速跟踪任意给定的参考信号.数值仿真试验表明了该方法响应速度快、控制精度高,具有很强的抗扰动能力,因而是一种鲁棒稳定性很强的控制方法,在SISO非仿射非线性系统控制领域具有重要作用.     

自抗扰控制技术滤波特性的研究

给出了自抗扰控制技术用于滤波的研究结果，提供了一些仿真实例，结果表明，这种新型的控制技术对高频噪声具有较好的滤波特性，通过应用实例并与卡尔曼滤波相比，显示了其优越性和实用性。     

时延系统的自抗扰动态面控制

本文针对高阶时延系统同时存在系统不确定性和未知输入时延的情况,考虑控制器信号的复杂性问题,在动态面控制方法的基础上,引入自抗扰控制技术设计了自抗扰动态面控制器.利用反步法设计动态面控制信号,采用跟踪微分器对虚拟控制信号滤波,避免了由于对虚拟控制信号重复微分产生的"复杂性爆炸"问题;在控制信号的基础上叠加扰动补偿项,补偿项由扩张状态观测器实时在线估计产生,保证了控制信号的实时性,同时简化了控制器结构以便于实际应用.在闭环系统稳定性判别中运用李雅普诺夫理论做出详细分析.最后,数值仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

用模型补偿自抗扰控制器进行参数辨识

自抗扰控制器中扩张状态观测器的输出提供了进行系统参数辨识的足够信息,受控对象若有已知部分,把此部分补偿给扩张状态观测器输入项,能提高扩张状态观测器的逼近精度,从而也能提高其输出值来进行参数辨识的精度。     

线性自抗扰控制器的稳定性研究

研究了线性扩张状态观测器(Extended state observer, ESO)的估计能力,并且分析了在线性自抗扰控制(Linear active disturbance rejection control, LADRC)下闭环系统的稳定性. 对于系统模型未知的情形, 给出了线性扩张观测器估计误差有界的证明, 并通过分析得出了如下结论: 在扩张状态观测器跟踪误差趋于零的前提下, 在线性自抗扰控制下的闭环系统可以实现对设定信号的精确跟踪以及输入-输出有界(Bounded input and bounded output, BIBO)稳定.     

自抗扰控制在HR神经元同步中的应用研究

神经元同步是生物功能得以实现的重要机制,其同步研究已经成为神经电生理学研究领域的热点和难点问题.针对神经元同步问题中同步控制律对神经元模型的依赖以及同步控制律复杂而难以实现的不足,采用不依赖于被控对象精确数学模型且实现简单的线性自抗扰控制器实现HR神经元系统的同步.自抗扰控制的核心部分-扩张状态观测器能够实时估计和补偿各种扰动,实现干扰存在时HR神经元的同步,数值仿真结果表明在自抗扰控制作用下,即使存在阶跃和正弦干扰,主、从神经元动态响应曲线仍能重合,获得良好的HR神经元同步效果.     

An approach to improve active disturbance rejection control

ABSTRACT

In order to reduce the error and phase delay of the classical extended state observer (ESO) in estimating the system state and disturbance, in this paper, we combine ESO and tracking differentiator (TD) to construct a tracking differential extended state observer (TDESO). The observation error and observation speed of TDESO are also discussed. Then a nonlinear active disturbance rejection control system improved by TDESO for a linear plant is transformed into a Lurie system. Moreover, the circular criterion is used to analyse the absolute stability of the transformed Lurie system. Finally, TDESO is optimised and an improved linear state error feedback (PLSEF) is proposed to improve the rapidity of the system by using simulation and time domain analysis. And a second-order system is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that our algorithm is effective.     

A composite fractional order active disturbance rejection control method for a class of uncertain systems with multiple disturbances

The existing active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method may not provide sufficient disturbance rejection to multiple mismatched disturbances for the fractional order systems. In this paper, a composite disturbance rejection approach is developed for a class of fractional order uncertain systems, by synthesizing the fractional order ADRC (FOADRC) approach and a disturbance observer (DO)-based compensation scheme. Taking advantage of more disturbance information and a filter structure, an improved DO is developed to achieve precise estimation of disturbances in the presence of sensor noises. In addition, a state transformation is developed to convert the system into a simple integral chain model with only matched disturbances. Then a composite control law is designed to compensate the disturbances and provide satisfying dynamic performance. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical simulation and an actual servo control simulation, as well as the comparison with two kinds of the existing ADRC methods and the commonly used integral sliding mode control (I-SMC) method.     

线性自抗扰控制的抗饱和补偿措施

控制输入约束是实际工业过程中普遍存在的现象,然而控制器设计中通常都假设执行机构动态是线性的,因此当执行机构存在约束时,执行机构输出信号与控制器输出信号不一致,使系统的动态性能降低,甚至导致系统不稳定.本文针对线性自抗扰控制(linearactive disturbance rejection control,LADRC)执行机构的约束问题,提出两种抗饱和补偿方案,利用LADRC扩张状态观测器估计控制器状态或者控制器输出与执行器输出的误差,从而使LADRC能快速消除饱和.将这两种方法用到含执行机构饱和的一阶惯性加迟延被控对象进行仿真研究,结果表明两种补偿措施下线性自抗扰控制器能得到较好的控制性能.随后本文将LADRC抗饱和思想推广到负荷频率控制系统(load frequency control,LFC)中,仿真表明基于误差补偿的抗饱和方案对于LFC系统更为有效.     

Cascade active disturbance rejection control of single-rod electrohydrostatic actuator

Electrohydrostatic actuators (EHAs) are used to replace traditional centralized hydraulic systems to reduce weight and improve efficiency and maintainability. This paper proposes a cascade active disturbance rejection control (C-ADRC) method for single-rod EHAs with parametric uncertainties and severe external disturbances. The studied EHA can be transformed into a cascade connection of a first-order pressure system and a second-order position system. Two linear active disturbance rejection controllers are designed for the inner pressure system and the outer position system to estimate and compensate for various uncertainties in the two loops, respectively. The uniqueness of the C-ADRC is that the two linear active disturbance rejection controllers are designed by making full use of the measurable states and known model information of the EHA system. It is theoretically proved that the closed-loop system is semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Moreover, the proposed controller can theoretically ensure position tracking with desired accuracy as the bandwidth of extended state observers (ESOs) becomes sufficiently high. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

实用自抗扰控制在大时滞厚度自动监控系统中的应用

针对热连轧监控AGC(自动厚度控制)大时滞系统具有不确定和干扰因素多等特点, 采用线性降阶模型及参数优化设计, 提出一种实用自抗扰控制(ADRC)控制方案, 以满足简单、实用、好调、节能等工业界的要求. 通过对被控对象和状态观测器的降阶, 使得系统总扰动(内部不确定性、外部扰动) 的实时估计由一个仅为一阶的扩张状态观测器就可实现. 为了把所设计的实用ADRC与常规ADRC、常规Smith预估器和PID控制器进行公平比较, 各控制器的最佳参数均采用变尺度混沌优化方法得到. 仿真结果表明, 两种ADRC的抗扰性和鲁棒性优于常规的Smith预估器和PID控制器. 与常规ADRC相比, 实用ADRC的可调参数大大减少, 能耗指标也明显降低, 为下一步的工程实现提供了途径.     

On convergence of active disturbance rejection control for a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems

In this paper, the practical mean-square convergence of active disturbance rejection control for a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems modelled by the Itô-type stochastic differential equations with vast stochastic uncertainties is developed. We first design an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate both the unmeasured states and the stochastic total disturbance which includes unknown internal system dynamics, external stochastic disturbance without known statistical characteristics, unknown stochastic inverse dynamics, and uncertainty caused by the deviation of control parameter from its nominal value. The stochastic total disturbance is then cancelled (compensated) in the feedback loop. An ESO-based output-feedback control is finally designed analogously as for the system without uncertainties. The practical mean-square reference tracking and practical mean-square stability of the resulting closed-loop system are achieved. The numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

On active disturbance rejection control for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties and nonlinear measurement

The paper proposes a novel control design for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties and nonlinear measurement. The output linearization is utilized to handle the nonlinearities in system dynamics and measurement. Firstly, the integrator chain for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties is analyzed. Based on the fundamental integrator chain form, the equivalent total effect of multiple uncertainties is summarized as total disturbance. By timely estimating and compensating for the total disturbance, an active disturbance rejection control design to handle both multiple uncertainties and nonlinear measurement is proposed. Moreover, the transient performance of the corresponding closed‐loop system is rigorously studied, which theoretically reveals the high consistence of the tracking performance despite various multiple uncertainties.     

Flatness-based active disturbance rejection control for linear systems with unknown time-varying coefficients

A flatness-based active disturbance rejection control approach is proposed to deal with the linear systems with unknown time-varying coefficients and external disturbances. By selecting appropriate nominal values for the parameters of the system, all the deviation between the nominal and actual dynamics of the controlled process, as well as all the external disturbances can be viewed as a total disturbance. Based on the accurately estimated total disturbance with the aid of the proposed extended state observer, a linear proportional derivative feedback control law taking into account the derivatives of the desired output is designed to eliminate the effect of the total disturbance on the system performance. Finally, the load frequency control problem of a single-area power system with non-reheated unit is employed as an illustrative example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

桥式起重机定位防摆改进型自抗扰控制

为解决严重外界干扰下桥式起重机长距离运输过程中定位困难、消摆时间长的问题,根据起重机先加速、再匀速、后减速的远程运输特点,利用两段Sigmoid函数,设计了可按需调整各阶段速度且高阶连续的新型跟踪微分器;采用Sigmoid函数构造了增益时变且连续可微的扩张状态观测器,使其具有“大误差小增益,小误差大增益”特性,克服了经典ESO增益在切换点处的突变问题,抑制了观测信号的微分峰值现象,实现了位移和摆角控制回路间的解耦;利用tanh函数改进了误差反馈控制律,避免了大扰动下的控制量饱和问题;综合形成了适用于起重机长距离运输、且能最大程度抑制振动和冲击的改进型自抗扰控制器,并对闭环系统的稳定性进行了严格的理论证明.仿真及实验结果表明,改进型自抗扰控制器在大干扰影响下可全过程平稳且基本无摆地将负载搬运到目标位置.     

基于滑动窗实时小波降噪的扩张状态观测器及自抗扰控制EI北大核心CSCD

自抗扰控制技术应用已日渐成熟,但当系统中存在高频非平稳噪声信号时,线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)存在难以选取合适的观测器带宽的问题:当带宽较小时,线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)难以实现对总扰动的实时观测,会造成时滞;当带宽较大时,LESO又会放大噪声对系统的影响,从而造成总扰动观测失真.为了解决这一问题,将小波降噪环节加入LADRC中,通过设计基于滑动窗实时小波降噪的LESO,对含噪输出信号进行实时降噪.使用Simulink搭建系统模型,分别在输出信号中加入高斯白噪声或谐波等不同类型的高频非平稳噪声进行仿真实验,并将所提方法与滑动平均法进行对比,结果验证了所提方法的有效性.