各向异性扩散问题的一个单元中心型有限体积格式

在辐射流体力学的数值模拟中,扩散算子的高效高精度离散是一个十分重要的问题.本文研究各向异性扩散方程在任意多边形网格上的数值求解问题,我们利用调和平均点和线性精确方法,构造了一个单元中心型有限体积格式.该格式只含有单元中心未知量,满足局部守恒条件,有紧凑的计算模板,在结构四边形网格上退化为一个九点格式.由于调和平均点插值算法是一个具有两点模板的二阶保正算法,因此,采用单元边上的调和平均点为插值节点,使得离散格式十分简洁,容易实施.此外,我们在格式构造中仅采用了二、三维网格的共有拓扑关系,使格式容易向三维问题推广,大部分程序代码可实现二、三维公用.我们采用典型的大变形扭曲网格及典型的扩散算例(包括连续和间断的扩散张量)对所提出的新格式进行了测试,数值算例表明,新格式在许多扭曲的多边形网格上具有二阶精度.     

非等距网格上一维对流扩散方程的保正格式

对流扩散方程广泛存在于很多领域,为适应一些实际问题模型的求解,对离散格式,不仅要求满足一些基本性质,如稳定性和解的存在唯一性等,还要求离散格式的保正性．采用有限体积格式求解对流扩散方程的工作较少,但在保正性方面所做的工作不多．本文构造了任意非等距网格上一维对流扩散方程的非线性保正有限体积格式．其中,扩散通量的离散,在等距网格上,当扩散系数为标量时可退化为标准的二阶中心差分格式．而对流通量的离散,为避免数值振荡而使其保持迎风特性,提出一种新的方法使格式精度提高到二阶．该方法在上游单元中心处作泰勒级数展开,通过相关辅助未知量来完成梯度的重构,并对出负情形作正性校正,使得格式满足保正性要求．新格式只含有区间单元中心未知量,并满足区间端点处通量的局部守恒性．数值结果表明,本文所提格式是有效的,对于处理扩散占优、对流占优问题,扩散系数连续和间断情形均具有良好的适应性,并且保持二阶精度．另外,新格式适用于扩散系数间断问题的求解．     

辐射扩散方程基于虚拟元方法的一个保正守恒格式

作为近年来广受关注的一种数值方法，虚拟元方法具有很多优势。但在求解实际问题导出的一些辐射扩散方程时，该方法可能无法保证数值解的非负性及一般多边形网格上的局部守恒性。针对辐射扩散方程，利用非线性两点流逼近方法作为后处理措施，提出了一种基于虚拟元方法的保正守恒格式。该格式通过最低阶虚拟元方法得到数值解的单元顶点值，再利用非线性两点流逼近方法得到数值解的非负单元中心值，同时使格式满足局部守恒性。任意多边形网格上的数值结果表明，该格式具有保正性和解的近似二阶收敛速度，对于处理含强间断或非线性扩散系数的辐射扩散问题均有较强的适应性。     

基于Leonard规正变量的修正高分辨率组合格式

通过对规正变量进行重构,本文提出了求解对流扩散方程的修正高分辨率组合格式,它能够求解边界层和大梯度等问题.首先,根据规正变量的定义得出了组合格式的通用表达式,然后对时间项采用二阶中心差分格式,得到了对流扩散方程的离散表达式,对离散化得到的代数方程组采用TDMA算法求解,并推导出了组合格式计算过程迭代收敛时所满足的充分条件.数值实验表明:新格式具有分辨率高,数值耗散较低,总偏差量较小,能很好模拟场变量的大梯度变化,计算结果优于传统格式.     

Helmholtz方程基于变限积分法的数值求解

Helmholtz方程是一类描述电磁波的椭圆型偏微分方程，在力学、声学和电磁学等领域应用广泛。为了消除因高波数引起的污染效应，数值求解Helmholtz方程的传统方法是对网格进行加密，网格加密不仅增加了时间复杂度，且离散后的矩阵通常是病态的。因此，寻求对任意波数都有效的方法是必要的。在有限体积法的基础上，引入变限因子，将微分方程完全转换成积分方程，利用一元三点和二元九点Lagrange插值公式，构造含三对角矩阵的离散格式，分别对一维和二维Helmholtz方程进行变限积分法的数值求解。该方法适用于任意波数，求解过程物理意义明确，数值格式简单。对于一维Helmholtz方程研究了变限因子对误差的影响，利用Taylor展式及Lagrange插值余项公式进行误差估计，证明离散格式的截断误差达到二阶。数值实例表明该离散格式的变限因子和步长相等时，误差阶较低。对二维Helmholtz方程，探究不同波数对数值解的影响，证明离散格式的截断误差达到三阶。数值实例表明，对于不同的波数，数值格式都有较好的精度，高波数没有引起污染效应。     

一维非定常对流扩散方程非均匀网格上的高精度紧致差分格式

本文在非均匀网格上给出了求解非定常对流扩散方程的一种高精度紧致差分格式,特别适合边界层和大梯度等问题的求解.从稳态对流扩散方程入手,首先,基于非均匀网格上的泰勒级数展开对空间导数项进行离散,然后对时间项采用二阶向后欧拉差分公式,从而得到一维非定常对流扩散方程在非均匀网格上的三层全隐式紧致差分格式.新格式在时间具有二阶精度,空间具有三到四阶精度,并且是无条件稳定的.最后,通过数值实验验证了本文格式的精确性,以及在处理诸如边界层和大梯度问题上的优势.     

Micaps细网格资料通用解析方法

本文详细介绍TMICAPS第四类数据的格式、排布规律和格点数值分解读取的方法。对于任意给定经纬度的站点,不同起止经纬度的细网格资料,可以利用文件的头信息及格点数值的分布规律,找到这一固定点周围的格点数值,通过双线性插值方法,将格点信息插值到给定经纬度的点上,从而提高细网格资料的使用效率。     

定常对流扩散反应方程非均匀网格上高精度紧致差分格式

本文构造了非均匀网格上求解定常对流扩散反应方程的高精度紧致差分格式.我们首先基于非均匀网格上函数的泰勒级数展开,给出了一阶导数和二阶导数的高阶近似表达式;然后将模型方程变形,借助于对流扩散方程高精度紧致格式构造的方法,结合原模型方程,得到定常对流扩散反应方程的高精度紧致差分格式;最后给出的数值算例验证了本文格式高精度和高分辨率的优点.     

一维变系数对流扩散方程第三边值问题的紧有限体积方法

对流扩散方程在工程计算中具有广泛应用.本文研究一维变系数对流扩散方程第三边值问题的高精度有限体积方法.通过在控制体积上积分导出了方程的积分守恒形式,然后对积分守恒形式利用泰勒公式和二次埃尔米特插值进行离散得到了紧有限体积格式.该格式导出的线性代数方程组具有三对角性质,因此可使用追赶法求解.进而,通过分析截断误差,采用能量方法证明了格式按照几种标准的离散范数四阶收敛.最后,数值算例验证了格式的正确性和有效性,这与理论分析结果是一致的.     

二维对流扩散方程的二阶精度特征差分格式

针对二维对流扩散方程提出了几类二阶精度特征差分格式,给出了这些格式形成的线性代数方程组可解的充分条件,分析证明了这些格式按离散L^2模是二阶收敛的。最后,具体算例表明这些格式对于对流扩散方程有良好的计算效果。     

对称正则长波方程的拟紧致守恒差分格式

本文就对称正则长波方程的初边值问题进行了数值研究,提出了一个三层线性拟紧致差分格式,该格式具有较高精度且合理模拟了初边值问题的守恒性质。文章在先验估计基础上运用能量分析方法分析了格式的稳定性及二阶收敛性。数值结果验证了格式的有效性。     

Numerical solution of a parabolic system with coupled nonlinear boundary conditions

A numerical technique has been developed to solve a system that consists of m linear parabolic differential equations with coupled nonlinear boundary conditions. Such a system may represent chemical reactions, chemical lasers and diffusion problems. An implicit finite difference scheme is adopted to discretize the problem, and the resulting system of equations is solved by a novel technique that is a modification of the cyclic odd–even reduction and factorization (CORF) algorithm. At each time level, the system of equations is first reduced to m nonlinear algebraic equations that involve only the m unknown grid points on the nonlinear boundary. Newton's method is used to determine these m unknowns, and the corresponding Jacobian matrix can be computed and updated easily. After convergence is achieved, the remaining unknowns are solved directly. The efficiency of this technique is illustrated by the numerical computations of two examples previously solved by the cubic spline Galerkin method.     

关于微分-代数系统的Runge-Kutta迭代方法的研究

为了求解非自制指标-1的微分-代数系统,我们研究基于Runge-Kutta方法的动力学迭代过程,得到相关的非线性微分-代数方程的收敛理论,这类迭代过程具有一般性和灵活性,且沿着时间域网格点可以选取不同的插值函数.     

A mixed least squares method for solving problems in linear elasticity: formulation and initial results

In this paper a mixed least squares finite element method for solving problems in linear elasticity is proposed. The developed numerical technique allows the use of separate unknowns for displacements and stresses, discontinuous interpolation functions for displacements, and the resulting linear system has a symmetric and positive definite coefficient matrix. The approximate solution of the linear elasticity problem is obtained by minimization of a least squares functional based on the constitutive equations and equations of equilibrium. The proposed method is implemented in an original computer code written in C programming language. Its performance is tested on classical examples from theory of elasticity with well-known exact analytical solutions. Results from the implementation of a constant displacement-bilinear stress element and bilinear displacement-bilinear stress element are discussed.     

A numerical method to obtain optimal quadrature formulas

This paper present a numerical method to obtain optimal quadrature formulas of Gauss type and Radau type in the sense of Sard. Using the relation between optimal quadrature formulas and nonospline functions, the optimal quadrature formula can be obtained by solving a set of no-linear simultaneous algebraic equations induced from the interpolatory conditions of the monospline. In attempting to solve this set of non-linear algebraic equations for numbers of knots and degrees of interpolution required in estimation problem applications insurmountable numerical errors were encountered. This paper solves the numerical problem by first reducing the number of unknowns and equations to approximately one half the original number. This is accomplished by showing and then using a symmetry property of the monospline. Second an iteration scheme which partitions the reduced order set of non-linear algebraic equations into a linear subsystem and a non-linear subsystem is developed to numerically solve the equations. This iteration algorithm provides the advantages of reducing the computational complexity, dynamically checking the convergence and explicitly evluating the resulting accuracy.     

An Explicit Second-Order Numerical Scheme to Solve Decoupled Forward Backward Stochastic Equations

An explicit numerical scheme is proposed for solving decoupled forward backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDE) represented in integral equation form. A general error inequality is derived for this numerical scheme, which also implies its stability. Error estimates are given based on this inequality, showing that the explicit scheme can be second-order. Some numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the high accuracy of the proposed scheme.     

Compact schemes for anisotropic reaction–diffusion equations with adaptive time step

Many problems in biology and engineering are governed by anisotropic reaction–diffusion equations with a very rapidly varying reaction term. These characteristics of the system imply the use of very fine meshes and small time steps in order to accurately capture the propagating wave avoiding the appearance of spurious oscillations in the wave front. This work develops a fourth‐order compact scheme for anisotropic reaction–diffusion equations with stiff reactive terms. As mentioned, the scheme accounts for the anisotropy of the media and incorporates an adaptive time step for handling the stiff reactive term. The high‐order scheme allows working with coarser meshes without compromising numerical accuracy rendering a more efficient numerical algorithm by reducing the total computation time and memory requirements. The order of convergence of the method has been demonstrated on an analytical solution with Neumann boundary conditions. The scheme has also been implemented for the solution of anisotropic electrophysiology problems. Anisotropic square samples of normal and ischemic cardiac tissue have been simulated by means of the monodomain model with the reactive term defined by Luo–Rudy II dynamics. The simulations proved the effectiveness of the method in handling anisotropic heterogeneous non‐linear reaction–diffusion problems. Bidimensional tests also indicate that the fourth‐order scheme requires meshes about 45% coarser than the standard second‐order method in order to achieve the same accuracy of the results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于混合有限差分格式的非线性奇异摄动问题的最大范数的后验误差估计

自适应移动网格算法在奇异摄动微分方程的数值解法中占有非常重要的地位,其关键技术是构造出有效的离散格式和相应的后验误差估计。基于此,对一类带参数的一阶非线性奇异摄动初值问题,给出了其连续解的稳定性估计及相关推论。然后,在任意非均匀网格上,利用向后欧拉公式和一阶中心有限差分格式建立了一个混合有限差分格式,并严格分析了离散解的稳定性。同时,基于连续解的稳定性估计和分段线性插值技术,推导出混合有限差分格式的最大范数的后验误差估计。利用该后验误差估计选择了一个最优的网格控制函数,并结合网格等分布原理设计了一个自适应网格生成算法。最后的数值实验验证了自适应移动网格算法的有效性,且算法的平均收敛阶可达到二阶。数值结果进一步表明自适应移动网格的误差明显小于 Shishkin 网格的误差,且其收敛阶也高于 Shishkin 网格计算得到的收敛阶。     

A three dimensional immersed smoothed finite element method (3D IS-FEM) for fluid–structure interaction problems

A three-dimensional immersed smoothed finite element method (3D IS-FEM) using four-node tetrahedral element is proposed to solve 3D fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems. The 3D IS-FEM is able to determine accurately the physical deformation of the nonlinear solids placed within the incompressible viscous fluid governed by Navier-Stokes equations. The method employs the semi-implicit characteristic-based split scheme to solve the fluid flows and smoothed finite element methods to calculate the transient dynamics responses of the nonlinear solids based on explicit time integration. To impose the FSI conditions, a novel, effective and sufficiently general technique via simple linear interpolation is presented based on Lagrangian fictitious fluid meshes coinciding with the moving and deforming solid meshes. In the comparisons to the referenced works including experiments, it is clear that the proposed 3D IS-FEM ensures stability of the scheme with the second order spatial convergence property; and the IS-FEM is fairly independent of a wide range of mesh size ratio.     

对流占优扩散方程的改进特征差分算法

将特征线方法和有限差分方法相结合，给出了一种求解对流占优扩散方程数值解的新的隐式特征差分格式，并研究了新算法的收敛性，新算法的优点是适应性强，特别适用于变系数方程，数值试验的结果表明在消除数值震荡方面更有效。