面向质量目标的再制造复杂机械产品装配分组优化配置方法

为提高再制造机械装配精度和装配质量稳定性,提出一种面向再制造质量目标的复杂机械产品装配分组优化配置方法。分析复杂机械再制造装配生产的特点,建立面向再制造质量目标的复杂机械产品分组优化配置方法总体架构;在质量公差精度分级和极值法尺寸链约束的基础上,结合质量损失-公差函数和装配成本函数,在保证质量和成本最小化的目标下,构建面向再制造质量目标的复杂机械产品装配分组优化约束函数,并给出基于模拟退火遗传算法的模型运算过程,求解出动态规划优化配置方案,规范化标准化装配过程,减少再制造装配过程不确定性,确保再制造产品质量;通过某再制造发动机装配过程实例验证该方法的可行性和有效性,为提高复杂机械产品再制造装配质量提供一种切实可行的解决方案。     

考虑质量、成本与资源利用率的再制造机床优化选配方法

针对再制造机床装配过程中存在的装配精度低,再制造资源利用率低以及生产成本高等问题,提出一种新的再制造机床综合优化选配方法,综合考虑装配精度、再制造资源利用率与成本,采用田口质量损失函数与剩余件成本函数,以封闭环尺寸链为约束条件,在保证装配精度及最小成本的目标下,建立综合选配模型,并给出基于粒子群遗传算法的模型求解过程,求解出再制造装配过程的最优选配方案,减少了再制造装配过程中的不确定因素,降低因选配方案不合理而带来的资源浪费,保证了装配产品的质量。最后,以废旧CAK6150机床主轴箱为例,对其主轴装配过程进行优化选配,最终验证了该方法不仅解决了再制造零件选配过程中精度低的问题,而且大大提高了选配过程的再制造资源利用率,降低企业成本。     

面向再制造复杂机械产品装配过程的质量控制点公差带在线优化方法

为提高再制造零部件利用率并提升再制造复杂机械产品的装配精度,提出了一种面向再制造复杂机械产品装配过程的质量控制点公差带在线优化方法。在分析再制造复杂机械产品装配特点的基础上,对关键工序的质量控制点公差带进行细粒度划分;从装配精度角度出发,综合考虑装配过程中的质量损失和成本差异,以尺寸链为约束,构建了公差带优化模型,并研究了基于遗传算法的模型求解过程;在此基础上,提出了基于历史数据的正向推理模式,以及基于装配实时信息的逆向推理模式,推导出装配优化方案集并对车间异常情况作出及时响应;最后,开发出再制造发动机装配过程在线质量控制系统原型,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于NSGA-Ⅲ的再制造待装零部件选配方案研究

再制造已被认为是世界经济可持续发展的关键技术。但再制造产品的质量难以满足客户的需求,已成为制约再制造行业发展的瓶颈。而装配作为再制造过程中的关键环节,对提高再制造产品的生产效率和质量具有重要的工程意义。以退役机床再制造为研究对象,提出了一种基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法的选配模型。该模型以装配尺寸链公差为约束函数,建立考虑成本、再制造资源利用率及碳排放的选配原则,并将该模型应用于某再制造工厂的CW61100B机床大修项目中,得到最佳选配方案。     

基于制造成本与质量损失的并行公差设计

研究产品质量损失与产品尺寸公差的关系 ,提出具有多个相关装配尺寸产品的质量损失 ,并把它表示成工序公差的函数。利用成本 -公差函数和产品的质量损失函数 ,给出基于产品最低制造成本和多个相关装配尺寸产品质量损失的并行公差设计优化模型 ,实现公差的并行设计 ,最后通过工程实例验证所提出的方法     

基于田口质量观的机械产品选配方法

为减少选配后的机械产品由于功能波动而造成的损失,将田口博士提出的质量损失函数运用到机械产品选配活动中。分析Artiles多变量损失函数的局限性,提出基于信噪比(sNR)的多元质量特性损失函数来定量表达零部件多个质量特性的损失权重及损失成本,以及把配合偏差的质量损失函数作为衡量配合精度的有效指标。在综合考虑机械产品多处配合精度与各零部件多元质量特性下,利用整数规划思想,建立面向选配的产品质量损失成本模型(P-QLC),在保证产品质量损失成本最小化的情况下,达到最优选配组合的目的。实例验证该方法的有效性。     

基于粒子群算法的公差分配优化方法

基于成本—公差模型和质量损失模型,以加工能力和装配尺寸链的功能约束条件为标准,以制造成本最低、质量损失最小为优化目标,建立兼顾产品成本和质量的公差分配的多目标函数优化模型。基于粒子群优化算法,按照从全局到局部的寻优策略,用线性调节方法来确定其参数的变化规律,进而应用MATLAB软件对建立的函数模型进行优化计算,得到产品的生产成本和质量损失之间的关系曲线,可为公差分配提供更多的解决方案和更可靠的理论依据。     

基于信噪比多元质量损失和制造成本的并行公差设计

质量损失是由于产品的功能波动所造成的,损失大小可由质量函数确定。在无量纲“标准化”多元质量损失函数的基础上,采用信噪比衡量各质量指标的波动,建立一般情形下的基于信噪比的多元质量损失模型,并把它表示成多个相关装配尺寸产品的工序公差函数。利用成本-公差函数和产品质量损失函数,给出基于产品最低制造成本和多个相关装配尺寸产品质量损失的并行公差设计优化模型,实现公差的并行设计,最后通过工程实例验证所提出的方法。     

基于制造公差的复杂机械产品精准选配方法

针对复杂机械产品多质量要求下的选配问题,提出一种基于遗传算法的选择装配方法。以装配精度和装配成功率作为质量要求的评价指标,建立了综合考虑形位公差与尺寸公差的装配质量综合优化模型,能够在保证尺寸公差装配精度的前提下,有效降低产品的形位公差。同时提出了基于影响度的选配优先级评价模型,有效地提高了遗传算法的收敛速度。根据复杂机械产品尺寸链的特点,提出一种以零部件为单元的编码方式,并建立了映射关联矩阵描述多个公差项间的关联关系,综合Pareto支配强度及密集度生成适应度函数作为个体评价规则,以某发动机曲柄连杆机构的装配为例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

再制造公差设计优化模型及其应用

为降低再制造产品的成本,保证和提高产品质量,将公差设计方法引入再制造工程。在深入分析再制造公差设计特点和公差分配原则的基础上,提出了一个再制造公差设计的优化数学模型。该模型以统计公差原理为基础,以再制造总成本最低为目标,综合考虑了保证和提高产品性能、表面工程技术、过程能力指数等制约因素,在质量成本中的田口质量损失成本的基础上增加了质量保证成本。结合某企业ZQDR-410型牵引电动机的再制造案例,对传统再制造方案和所提方案进行了比较,证明了该公差设计优化模型的有效性和实用性。     

New approach for robust multi-objective optimization of turning parameters using probabilistic genetic algorithm

Limited by techniques, the process of remanufacturing exists masses of uncertainties which have a great impact on the remanufactured parts quality, how to achieve a higher quality of mechanical products by using limited remanufactured parts precision, has become one of the key issues of remanufacturing industry. Firstly, with a target to reduce uncertainties and improve the quality of automatic products, a method of tolerance grading allocation for remanufactured parts is proposed based on the uncertainty analysis of the remanufacturing assembly. The dimensional tolerances of the mechanical parts are divided into positive and negative two groups. We use selective assembly method to reduce assembling deviation. Then, the method is proven by mathematical formulas that the remanufactured parts variance can be expanded to two times, and the tolerances can be liberalized 40 % through tolerance grading allocation method. It is also the theoretical basis for improving the reuse radio and quantitatively describing the tolerance liberalization in this paper. Finally, feasibility research on this method is studied from the angle of cost–benefit. Furthermore, a tolerance grading allocation example of remanufactured engine piston assembly in a power corporation shows the validity and practicality of the proposed method.     

Concurrent optimization of machining process parameters and tolerance allocation

With the advent use of sophisticated and high-cost machines coupled with higher labor costs, concurrent optimization of machining process parameters and tolerance allocation plays a vital role in producing the parts economically. In this paper, an effort is made to concurrently optimize the manufacturing cost of piston and cylinder components by optimizing the operating parameters of the machining processes. Design of experiments (DoE) is adopted to investigate systematically the machining process parameters that influence product quality. In addition, tolerance plays a vital role in assembly of parts in manufacturing industries. For the selected piston and cylinder component, improvements efforts are made to reduce the total manufacturing cost of the components. By making use of central composite rotatable design method, a module of DoE, a mathematical model is developed for predicting the standard deviation of the tolerance achieved by grinding process. This mathematical model, which gives 93.3% accuracy, is used to calculate the quality loss cost. The intent of concurrent optimization problem is to minimize total manufacturing cost and quality loss function. Genetic algorithm is followed for optimizing the parameters. The results prove that there is a considerable reduction in manufacturing cost without violating the required tolerance, cutting force, and power.     

Die design in the complex shape drawing of cross roller guide to improve the dimensional accuracy

A drawing process allows for a smooth and clean surface, metal savings, low cost tooling, and closely controlled dimensions to be obtained in long products that have constant cross-sections. Recently, rods having irregular sections more complex than a rectangle or ellipse are necessary to produce mechanical parts. A cross roller guide is one of the parts produced by complex cold-shaped drawing. A cross roller guide has a linear bearing system that rolls along a guide way. A cross roller guide is one of the most important components in terms of equipment because the quality of the linear rail influences the precision linear motion. Therefore, the final dimensional accuracy of the linear rail in cold-shaped drawing is very important. The aim of this study is the optimization of the optimal die angles to improve the dimensional accuracy and straightness of the final product using design of experiment, FE-simulation, and the Taguchi method. Based on the analytical results, experiments for real industrial products have also been implemented to verify the results. From the experimental results, it was possible to improve the dimensional accuracy and straightness of final product.     

Optimum manufacturing tolerance to selective assembly technique for different assembly specifications by using genetic algorithm

Tolerance on parts dimension plays a vital role as the quality of the product depends on sub components tolerance. Thus, precision products that are manufactured reflect at high manufacturing cost. To overcome this situation, sub components of an assembly may be manufactured with wider tolerance, measured (using latest technologies like image processing) and grouped in partition and corresponding group components may be mated randomly. This present work is to obtain an optimum manufacturing tolerance to selective assembly technique using GA and to obtain maximum number of closer assembly specification products from wider tolerance sub components. A two components product (fan shaft assembly) is considered as an example problem, in which the subcomponents are manufactured with wide tolerance and partitioned into three to ten groups. A combination of best groups is obtained for the various assembly specifications with different manufacturing tolerances. The proposed method resulted nearly 965 assemblies produced out of one thousand parts with 15.86% of savings in manufacturing cost.     

浅谈汽车开闭件尺寸培育方法

为了缩短新车型开闭件品培周期,提升其外观品质和性能.提出了新车型开闭件尺寸培育提升的方法,通过造型结构的优化、虚拟模拟评估应用、RPS定位优化、零件公差的优化、三维尺寸链分析优化等尺寸前期同步工程优化,以及焊接工装的高精度保证、工序变化量的消除、装具的定位优化等尺寸后期匹配提升,并通过实际验证.结果表明:该方案有效解决...     

The study of cost-tolerance model by incorporating process capability index into product lifecycle cost

To reduce the cost of manufacturing systems, many studies of cost minimization have been performed. Since tolerance design significantly affects the manufacturers’ cost, the optimization of cost-tolerance allocation will be an important issue for reducing these costs. Costs incurred in a product life-cycle include manufacturing cost and quality loss. However, most cost-tolerance optimization models frequently ignore the concept of quality loss and may not lead to an accurate analysis of the tolerance. Until now, process capability analysis has been the tool used to evaluate the adequacy of a production tool in meeting a quality target. Hence, the concept of process capability analysis should be included into the cost-tolerance optimization model. In this study, a flexible cost-tolerance optimization model will be constructed by integrating the process capability index into the product life-cycle cost function. The constructed cost-tolerance optimization model simultaneously considers the manufacturing cost of the components, the process capability of the manufacturing operations, and the quality loss of products. The decision-maker can apply the proposed cost-tolerance optimization model to determine a reasonable tolerance with minimum total cost including consideration of the process capability .     

基于多重相关特征质量损失函数的公差优化设计

在重点推导了具有多重相关特征产品的质量损失与尺寸公差的函数关系的基础上,提出了多重相关特征产品的公差优化设计方法,建立了基于制造成本一质量损失的公差优化设计的综合模型,建立该模型的目的是寻求制造成本和质量损失之间的平衡,实现旨在提高产品质量和降低成本的公差优化设计。应用实例验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

A proposed mathematical model for closed-loop network configuration based on product life cycle

Products may be returned over their life cycle. Industrial experiences show that there are three main return–recovery pairs. Commercial returns are repaired. End-of-use returns often are remanufactured. In addition, end-of-life returns are recycled. However, up to now, no optimization model is proposed for closed-loop configuration based on three return–recovery pairs. The repaired and remanufactured products can be sold in the same or secondary market. In this paper, we design and configure a general closed-loop supply chain network based on product life cycle. The network includes a manufacturer, collection, repair, disassembly, recycling, and disposal sites. The returned products are collected in a collection site. Commercial returns go to a repair site. End-of-use and end-of-life returns are disassembled. Then, end-of-life returns are recycled. The manufacturer uses recycled and end-of-use parts and new parts to manufacture new products. The new parts are purchased from external suppliers. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to configure the network. The objective is to maximize profit by determining quantity of parts and products in the network. We also extend the model for the condition that the remanufactured products are sent to the secondary market. The mathematical models are validated through computational testing and sensitivity analysis.     

Tolerance evolutionary model and algorithm in product growth design

To guarantee the successful transformation from product functional requirement to geometry constraints and finally to dimension constraints between components in a product, an evolutionary tolerance design strategy is proposed on the basis of automation technology in product structure design. In the first part of this paper, the theory of the growth design and the process of tolerance evolutionary design are introduced. Following the evolution of product structure, product tolerance grows from its initial state, defined by accuracy requirements, to its final state, defined as dimension tolerance and geometric tolerance. In this growing process, the basic units in the product growth design, known as functional surfaces and their nominal features, are used as evolutionary carriers. With the help of these basic units, the method for the construction of a two-layer correlation network is proposed. In the second part, the tolerance assertions to assist tolerance evolutionary design are given, based on which the basic process for an evolutionary design of dimensions chain and geometric tolerance are presented. In order to optimize the allocation of the dimension tolerance, a mathematical model is developed in which a correlated sensitivity function between the cost and the tolerance is created. In the model, the design cost, the manufacturing cost, the usage cost, and the depreciation cost of the product are used as constraints to the tolerance allocation. Considering these costs, a multifactor cost function to express quality loss of the product is developed and is applied into the model. The minimum cost is used as the objective function, and the depreciation cost in the objective function is expressed by the discount rate—terminology in economics. The aim was to achieve a final and ideal balance around assembly, manufacturing, and usage through the control of product precision. In the last part, the successful usage of the proposed tolerance evolutionary strategy in the incremental growth product design is demonstrated through a design example.