预紧力作用下受拉层合板孔边接触问题研究

预紧力作用下受拉复合材料层合板连接件的孔边受载情况发生变化,对结构承载性能产生一定影响,以单钉双剪复合材料层合板为研究对象,给出了复合材料层合板螺栓连接孔边不同区域的接触边界条件,在此基础上建立三维有限元模型,对预紧力影响下的单钉双剪板孔边应力进行求解,获得了不同预紧力下孔边面内接触应力沿孔分布规律。结果表明:随着预紧力增加在连接孔的孔边接触区、过渡区和大部分非接触区,面内应力水平不断降低,但在孔的160°到180°的非接触区孔边应力取值出现一定上升趋势。     

预紧力对紧螺栓连接板位移载荷响应的影响

针对螺栓连接的可靠性和紧密性问题,研究切向载荷作用下预紧力对紧螺栓连接结合面微滑状态下等效刚度以及微滑移-宏观滑移临界响应幅值的影响。以单搭单螺栓连接板为对象,分析结合面接触压力和预紧力的关系,在研究连接板位移载荷特性的基础上,构建螺栓连接板的等效刚度模型;基于有限元法开发变预紧力的单搭螺栓连接板参数化模型,提出位移载荷响应计算方法;探讨预紧力对微滑阶段螺栓连接板的位移-载荷响应的影响,分析预紧力对微滑移-宏观滑移临界响应幅值和等效刚度的作用。结果表明,当连接板自由端位移响应幅值小于0.075 mm时,预紧力变化对位移载荷响应没有影响,螺栓连接板等效刚度渐硬;当位移响应幅值大于0.075 mm时,预紧力对等效刚度影响明显;微滑移-宏观滑移临界响应幅值与预紧力大小呈近似线性关系。当预紧力为[0.15~0.33]F_(0max)(F_(0max)为最大预紧力)或[0.45~0.70]F_(0max)时,预紧力变化对连接刚度影响很小,预紧力对等效连接刚度的影响可达到50%。研究表明,切向载荷作用下的摩擦式螺栓连接,改变预紧力可调节螺栓连接板的等效刚度和微滑移-宏观滑移临界响应幅值,综合考虑可为螺栓连接板的力学设计提供新思路。     

拧紧策略对航空发动机单螺栓连接预紧力的影响

针对航空发动机装配过程中出现的螺栓预紧力误差大、控制精度低等问题,基于TC4钛合金单螺栓连接工艺实验,分析了不同拧紧策略对装配预紧力大小及稳定性的影响,具体包括扭矩法、扭矩-转角法等拧紧方法和拧紧速度。在扭矩法的基础上,研究了分步拧紧对预紧力的影响。以单螺栓连接结构和航空发动机典型的法兰螺栓连接结构为研究对象,探索了螺栓预紧力短时衰减规律。结果表明,重复拧紧时扭矩-转角法预紧力标准差大致是扭矩法的三分之一,使用扭矩-转角法、采用分步拧紧和提高拧紧转速均可使拧紧扭矩系数K值趋于平稳,降低预紧力分散程度,提高预紧力控制精度;预紧力在拧紧完成后的短时间内会发生衰减,前5～10min衰减最快,大致占总衰减量的80%,20～30min后预紧力保持稳定。     

板厚对单钉单剪复合材料接头挤压强度和次弯曲效应的影响分析

接头设计是飞机、汽车和舰船等复合材料结构工程应用的重要内容。针对易发生次弯曲效应的复合材料单钉单剪机械接头,建立含沉头螺栓的机械接头有限元模型,在试验验证模型有效性的基础上,分析对比了层合板厚度对接头挤压失效和次弯曲的影响。发现了薄层合板接头的挤压失效载荷与厚层合板接头的挤压失效载荷相近。同时,在发生挤压失效时,出现了薄层合板接头的次弯曲现象没有厚层合板接头的次弯曲现象严重的现象。考虑到工程中机械接头一般设计为挤压失效模式,本研究所发现的接头失效特征可为工程结构充分发挥复合材料的减重潜力提供一定建议。     

水面清洁船驱动轴用液压螺栓有限元分析

水面清洁船驱动轴传递的转矩载荷很高,对联接件的强度和韧度有很高的要求,液压螺栓作为一种新型扭矩联接件近年来引起了广泛的重视。系统分析了水面清洁船驱动轴系的力学特性,借助理论力学和弹性力学知识对液压螺栓的转矩、最佳预紧力和强度载荷进行分析,并利用Ansys Workbench有限元分析工具对液压螺栓的应力和形变量建模分析。     

复合材料厚板单钉螺栓连接强度研究

在Abaqus有限元软件中,建立复合材料层合板单钉单剪螺栓连接结构的三维有限元模型,引入三维Hashin准则作为失效判据,同时考虑拧紧力矩因素,分别采用分区退化方案和整体退化方案对不同厚度层合板单钉单剪螺栓连接结构的失效过程和连接强度进行分析预测。计算结果与试验结果的对比表明:普通退化方案得到的位移载荷曲线折减不够,且最终不能下降,采用分区退化模型的计算结果较为准确;随着板厚的增加,螺栓连接强度呈下降趋势,且下降速度由快变慢,即随着层合板厚度的增加,结构承载能力的提升程度减小;合适的拧紧力矩可以增大结构的极限强度,过大的拧紧力矩不利于结构的承载。     

扭矩转角法工艺与检测方法

传统的螺纹紧固件拧紧方式为扭矩控制法,紧固扭矩随很难控制的摩擦系数变化,轴向预紧力精度低,且不会超过屈服强度的70%。针对紧固件扭矩法和扭矩转角法进行了理论与试验研究,对扭矩转角法的起始扭矩和转角的确定方法做出了说明,提出了螺栓扭矩转角法的屈服点捕捉方法,制定了合理的扭矩转角法拧紧方案,并通过路试试验验证了扭矩转角法的优势,结果显示扭矩转角法得到的预紧力较高,且在路试过程中预紧力衰减较少。     

GFRP夹层结构螺栓连接的多参数分析

针对升降舵前纵墙采用螺栓连接形式的PMI泡沫夹层GFRP结构进行了不同参数下的结构安全性分析。首先通过试验确定PMI泡沫与GFRP复合材料层合板的力学性能,并结合CCAR23部对气动载荷与惯性载荷的要求,对该结构在实际工况下的载荷进行了分析,确定其合适的螺栓预紧力和螺纹副摩擦系数;在此基础上结合装配配合公差(f7/H10),最终确定有限元计算的参数组合。然后根据PMI泡沫和GFRP层合板的力学性能特性,采用ABAQUS软件对PMI泡沫和GFRP复合材料层合板建立夹层结构螺栓连接有限元模型,并结合工况载荷、螺栓预紧力、摩擦系数和装配配合公差计算不同参数组合下结构的安全性。通过分析得到如下结论：(1)螺纹副接触摩擦系数的合理增加可有效减小夹层结构螺栓孔边应力集中,以增加结构的安全性;(2)螺栓与螺栓孔之间间隙的增加会增加孔边应力集中系数,造成结构的安全性减小;(3)在结构安全强度范围内,增加螺栓预紧力可以提高连接结构的连接疲劳强度和可靠性。     

复合材料螺栓干涉连接结构压钉过程轴向力建模

复合材料干涉连接结构在螺栓压入过程中,由于螺栓杆与连接孔孔壁间存在显著的轴向相互作用,有可能在复材孔周引起分层损伤,更准确的控制轴向力对于提升复材干涉连接结构强度具有重要的意义。根据干涉配合螺栓压入过程中接触关系的变化,对压钉过程进行了阶段划分,并在经典层合板理论假设基础上,结合弹性力学复变函数方法,以干涉量为变量建立了螺接过程轴向力解析模型。基于ABAQUS软件,建立了干涉压入压钉过程的仿真模型,验证了解析模型的正确性。     

胶-螺混合连接结构的传力分析

建立了胶-螺混合连接结构的有限元模型,并进行了传力分析研究。利用粘聚区模型模拟胶层的失效过程,并考虑了金属结构的塑性变形。同时,通过胶接、机械连接及胶-螺混合连接三种形式分别进行了方法的验证,试验结果和模拟结果吻合较好,证明了所采用的胶-螺混合连接分析方法的有效性。另外,分别建立了单钉和双钉胶-螺混合连接结构模型,分析发现相对于胶接结构,单钉混合连接结构的承载能力并不会有明显提高。同时发现两钉胶-螺混合连接中两螺栓外侧的胶层由于较大的面外力会很快发生破坏,而两螺栓内侧的胶层由于螺栓的法向作用使得其只受纯剪切力,从而提高了该区域胶层的承载能力。鉴于此对混合连接构型进行了改进设计,很好地提高了连接强度。     

Alternative method for identification of the dynamic properties of bolted joints

Bolted joints often have a significant effect on the dynamical behavior of assembled mechanical structures. An accurate model of an assembled structure depends on correctly determining and identifying the dynamic parameters of bolted joints. This paper presents an alternative method for identifying these dynamic parameters using structure??s natural frequency and damping. A novel experiment is designed with a test piece consisting of only bolted joints, with the governing equations of the test piece established using the analytical method. The relationships between the equivalent dynamic parameters of the bolted joints and the natural frequencies and damping ratios of the test piece are determined for both the normal and tangential directions. The parameter identification problem for bolted joints is thus transformed into a test of the natural frequency and the damping ratio of the test piece. In order to check the accuracy of the proposed identification method, the test piece and bolted joints are modeled using the finite element method (FEM) and the dynamic properties of the test piece are analyzed. The maximum error between the natural frequencies of the FEM result and the experimental values in the normal and tangential models are 4.73% and 0.34%, respectively. The result indicates that the proposed method is valid for the dynamic parameter identification of bolted joints.     

含非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的平面柔性多连杆传动系统动态误差与运动副磨损周期行为分析

传统旋转间隙关节接触模型假定销轴和衬套接触面形状是规则的并忽略了磨损效应的影响,降低了机构动力学模型预测精度。提出了一种含非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的平面柔性多连杆机构多体动力学建模、磨损预测和动态误差分析方法。为准确描述运动副元素间碰撞行为,考虑滑动轴承间隙关节的磨损效应,提出了一种非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的改进接触模型。在此基础上,考虑柔性杆的影响,基于绝对节点坐标法建立了含非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的平面柔性多连杆传动系统多体动力学模型。与基于传统光滑间隙模型的结果相比,基于非规则粗糙间隙改进模型的多连杆机构动态响应更接近于试验值,验证了所提出计算方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,选用CuSn10P和CuPb30作为铰链衬套材料能够有效降低多连杆机构滑块动态响应偏差和提高机构的运动精度;表面粗糙度过高会导致运动副磨损加剧,过低则会降低间隙表面微凸体对碰撞能量的吸收。此外,磨损加剧了间隙表面轮廓不规则度,导致机构动态响应的不稳定性增大,运动精度降低。     

机械螺栓法兰连接的有限元力学模型比较研究

机械螺栓-法兰连接结构中存在着复杂的接触、摩擦和预紧等非线性因素.螺栓-法兰连接结构的有限元力学模型应当充分包含这些因素.首先介绍了连接结构接触分析的有限元法理论,然后比较研究了二维轴对称力学模型和三维实体模型在螺栓一法兰连接结构建模中的差剐,之后研究了温度载荷法、过盈配合法和等效外载法等三种不同的螺栓预紧力建模方法.计算结果表明:二维模型在处理螺栓-_法兰连接结构上计算耗费小,但计算精度较三维模型差别较大,结果粗糙;三种预紧力模拟方法都能模拟螺栓预紧载荷,但在适用范围、等效方法和计算精度等方面有区别.     

Development of a new method for joint damping identification in a bolted lap joint

Mechanical joints have considerable effects on dynamic behaviour of machine tools; thus, joint damping identification is important in studying the dynamics of mechanical structures. Due to the difficulties in analysis of microslip friction, the experimental prediction of microslip joint dynamics is of great importance. In this study, a new experimental approach is proposed to determine the damping of bolted lap joints. Because of the complex nature of the mechanical joints, the lap joint is isolated through the addition of a mechanical resonator, which consists of a lumped mass and spring, to the bolted structure. The frequency response function (FRF) of this system is used for joint damping identification. This approach is used for bolted structures under both translational and torsional excitations and overcomes difficulties associated with slip boundaries identification in the joint interface. The method is verified by comparing the obtained results with those of the hysteresis loop approach.     

Reduction of the joint clearance effect for a planar flexible mechanism

When the operating speed of mechanical systems is increased, unpredictable dynamic problems are induced due to joint clearances and link elasticity. To solve these problems, quantitative prediction of the effects of joint clearance and link flexibility on the system is needed. This study has two principal objectives. The first is to develop a design method for eliminating the loss of contract at joints with clearance. The method utilizes three dimensionless parameters which govern the dynamic behavior at the instance when contact loss is predicted. These parameters are determined to maintain joint contacts throughout the operating cycle. The links in this mechanism are assumed to be rigid. The second objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the flexibility of the links. Using a finite element method, we found that link flexibility decreases the possibility of contact loss as well as the impact force at joints with clearance.     

Analysis of dynamic characteristics of structural joints using stiffness influence coefficients

This paper proposes a new modeling method for joints in mechanical structures in order to reduce the errors in eigenvalue analysis due to joint modeling. The new modeling method uses both a stiffness influence method and a condensation method to obtain the dynamic characteristic matrix of the joint region. It also employs the displacement and reaction of finely modeled finite element analysis in the calculation of stiffness influence coefficients. In order to check the validity of the proposed method, natural frequencies and mode shapes of a simple structure with a bolted joint are investigated by the proposed method and by experiments. The eigenvalue analysis using the proposed method shows more accurate results than that using rigid joints modeling, when the natural frequencies are compared with the experimental results. In addition, the differences between the natural frequencies obtained by the proposed method and those by the rigid joints modeling are notable in the modes where the joint has elastic deformation.     

Stress intensity factors for elliptical arc through cracks in mechanical joints by virtual crack closure technique

The reliable stress intensity factor analysis is required for fracture mechanics design or safety evaluation of mechanical joints at which cracks often initiate and grow. It has been reported that cracks in mechanical joints usually nucleate as corner cracks at the faying surface of joints and grow as elliptical arc through cracks, In this paper, three dimensional finite element analyses are performed for elliptical arc through cracks in mechanical joints. Thereafter stress intensity factors along elliptical crack front including two surface points are determined by the virtual crack closure technique. Virtual crack closure technique is a method to calculate stress intensity factor using the finite element analysis and can be applied to non-orthogonal mesh. As a result, the effects of clearance on the stress intensity factor are investigated and crack shape are then predicted.     

基于有限元技术的螺纹联接扭矩系数分析与计算方法

在螺纹联接的装配过程中,为保证连接的可靠性,必须为连接提供合适预紧力,因此需要确定预紧力一扭矩关系（扭矩系数）,从而施加台适的装配扭矩。文中研究了螺纹联接传统分析方法的不足和螺纹联接几何、材料、接触等因素,提出了一种螺纹联接扭矩系数的分析与计算方法,利用有限元技术得到更加准确的结果。建立了螺纹联接3D有限元分析模型,解决了接触分析中刚体位移问题。分析得到轴向载荷分布关系和预紧力一扭矩关系曲线,计算得到的扭矩系数合理准确。     

螺栓-法兰连接用弹性垫圈载荷变形特性研究

采用有限元分析方法和压缩回弹性能实验对螺栓-法兰连接用弹性垫圈在轴向载荷下的载荷变形响应关系进行了计算模拟和实验研究，计算结果与试验数据较为吻合，表明本文提出的有限元分析模型可较好地用于研究弹性垫圈的力学行为。在此基础上，通过对模拟计算数据的数值拟合，得到了轴向载荷下弹性垫圈的压缩、回弹性能公式，为弹性垫圈的规范化、参数化设计以及含弹性垫圈的螺栓-法兰连接系统的紧密性分析与设计提供依据。     

切向加载下螺栓连接复合板的失效分析*

极限载荷和孔周应力是导致螺栓连接复合板失效的主要因素。基于Hashin失效准则和有限元模型建立螺栓连接复合板的渐进损伤有限元模型,通过位移载荷响应讨论预紧力、界面摩擦因数和孔隙变化对极限载荷的影响,分析不同铺层角下孔周应力分布规律。结果表明：随预紧力增大,螺栓连接复合板极限载荷先增大后减小,随摩擦因数增大,螺栓连接复合板极限载荷逐渐增大;不同孔隙下准线性阶段位移载荷响应基本一致,孔隙对极限载荷的影响主要体现在滑移阶段及剪切变形阶段;孔隙增大会减小螺栓与螺孔间的有效接触面积,影响螺栓连接的压力分布和强度;纤维铺层方向与应力分量同向时可有效减少外载荷导致的该方向应力分量的变化,且主应力分量皆在承压区域达到其最小值;应力分量方向与纤维铺层方向相同且该方向无外载荷作用时,应力分量随着角度从承压区到非承压区递增变化。