人造轻集料混凝土试验研究

本文阐述了一种采用人造轻集料——瓷渣球形陶粒为粗集料,配制出强度等级LC30~LC60,密度1600~1900kg/m^3的结构用轻集料混凝土,对不同配合比的强度、密度、坍落度进行试验,并与普通碎石混凝土进行了对比。探明了在相应条件下,陶粒混凝土密度降低(约25%),强度降低(约20%);球形陶粒混凝土,流动性好(但1h、1.5h坍度损失较大);相同密度等级时,陶粒混凝土抗压强度,随水泥的含量、减水剂的用量增加而增加。     

抛填集料工艺对混凝土力学性能的影响

采用抛填集料工艺制备了一种粗集料能充分接触并有效嵌锁的混凝土,从而使集料能在混凝土中充分发挥强度骨架的作用.采用这种方法制备集料嵌锁混凝土不仅保证了原混凝土的良好工作性,而且抛入碎石后混凝土的强度不但没有降低,反而随着集料对混凝土的置换率从10%~30%(体积分数)的增加而有一定增加.粗集料在这种混凝土中有很高的体积分数.SEM观察表明:抛填集料与水泥石的界面粘结比普通混凝土中的集料/水泥石界面粘结要紧密.     

粉煤灰陶粒混凝土的耐久性分析

采用扫描电镜分析研究了粉煤灰陶粒混凝土和普通混凝土的粗骨料与水泥石界面组成及结构;研究发现,轻骨料与水泥石界面致密,水泥及粉煤灰掺合料水化完全。从混凝土的微观结构入手,对粉煤灰陶粒混凝土的耐久性能做了分析,并通过抗碳化试验和抗弯曲疲劳试验对其耐久性能做进一步阐述。     

再生混凝土界面结构特点及其改善措施

总结了普通混凝土中集料-水泥石界面过渡区形成机理、特征和性能等方面的研究进展,并基于轻集料混凝土和高强高性能混凝土中集料-水泥石界面的性能特点,讨论了再生粗集料混凝土中界面过渡区的结构特点和可能的强化措施,为今后再生混凝土的研究提供一定的理论依据和参考。     

卵石混凝土强度的粒径效应

普通混凝土在外荷载作用下,试件往往在粗集料——水泥石界面处首先破坏。凡是能加强粗集料——水泥石界面的粘结力及能增加它们之间的粘结面积的一切措施,都可以认为是提高普通混凝土强度的重要手段。如减小粗集料的粒径,增加其与水泥石的粘结面积,减小粗集料下的水囊尺寸、数量及粗集料表面的水膜层厚度、增加粗集料表面的粗糙程度等。本文旨在研究卵石混凝土中石子最大粒径对混凝土强度的影响。试验结果不仅又一次证实了在普通混凝土中,粗集料     

高强次轻混凝土的配制及性能研究

用不同体积比例的页岩陶粒取代碎石骨料进行了高强次轻混凝土的配制,并对其力学性能及收缩性能进行研究。结果表明:当陶粒取代率为30%时,混凝土的力学性能及收缩性能较优,陶粒的内养护作用可以改善混凝土内部水泥石与骨料的界面性能,能在保证混凝土的力学性能的情况下,减少混凝土的收缩;当陶粒取代率大于30%时,混凝土的力学性能随着陶粒掺量的增加显著下降,且收缩值增大。     

页岩陶粒预湿处理程度对混凝土强度的实验影响

本实验研究了以碎石型页岩陶粒和陶砂为骨料的陶粒混凝土和陶砂砂浆的制备工艺及性能,探讨了组分材料、水胶比、骨料级配、掺合料、骨料预湿工艺等因素对陶粒混凝土及砂浆工作性能、力学性能与耐久性能的影响,研究了两种不同吸水率的页岩陶粒所配制的轻集料混凝土力学性能以及两种页岩陶粒经不同程度预湿处理后混凝土强度的变化规律,并利用扫描电镜对页岩陶粒混凝土集料与水泥石界面区的显微结构进行了分析。实验结果表明:吸水率较大页岩陶粒所配制的混凝土,随龄期的延长,其强度变化越明显。随着页岩陶粒预湿程度的增加,混凝土早期强度明显降低,后期强度变化不大,但强度增长率明显增大。     

高强次轻混凝土工作性能的研究

研究了高强次轻混凝土匀质性设计方法,探讨了粗集料最大粒径、混凝土黏度、粗集料与水泥砂浆密度差等主要因素对高强次轻混凝土匀质性的影响规律。结果表明:粗集料运动速度与粗集料的最大粒径成正比,而与拌合物黏度、水泥浆体与粗集料密度差成反比,粗集料形状也会影响混凝土的匀质性。碎石形轻集料体积取代率为50%时,新拌混凝土的和易性好。减小配制混凝土的粗集料最大粒径,会使配制的混凝土流动性降低,匀质性变好。当粗集料粒径为16~20 mm、粉煤灰掺量为20%、矿粉掺量为10%、硅灰掺量为5%时,能制得轻集料陶粒质量分层度δ114%、碎石质量分层度δ214%、浆体密度分层度δ34%,匀质性、和易性都良好,不分层离析的高强次轻混凝土。     

轻集料混凝土的界面结构研究

通过利用SEM对轻集料和水泥石的界面结构的研究,揭示了轻集料和水泥石的“嵌套”界面结构是轻集料混凝土早期强度高的根本原因,并阐述了轻集料对水泥石的“自养护”作用规律。     

轻骨料对中等强度混凝土耐久性能影响的研究

研究了不同掺量及种类的轻骨料配制的中等强度混凝土抗渗及抗冻性能,并通过对轻骨料及界面结构的观察研究,分析了轻骨料对中等强度混凝土耐久性能的影响机理。结果表明:对于水灰比较高的中等强度混凝土,轻骨料的掺入可提高混凝土耐久性,这是由于其可细化骨料附近水泥石的孔结构,使得界面区更为致密,而且可使新拌混凝土的含气量有所增加,说明其在混凝土内部具有"引气"作用。但是所选轻骨料吸水率不宜过高,因为其过多的开放连通孔又会对混凝土耐久性不利。本研究条件下,掺量50%的高吸水率粉煤灰陶粒配制的混合骨料混凝土抗渗性已于同水灰比的普通混凝土相当,其抗冻性甚至低于普通混凝土。     

自燃煤矸石粗骨料特性及其对混凝土性能的影响

在系统掌握自燃煤矸石粗骨料基本特性的基础上,研究了不同取代率下自燃煤矸石粗骨料混凝土的拌和物和易性,以及混凝土强度、弹性模量、破坏特征和应力-应变曲线,并通过界面过渡区微观表征了自燃煤矸石粗骨料混凝土的微结构特征.结果表明:与天然碎石相比,自燃煤矸石粗骨料的表观密度小、吸水率高、压碎和坚固性指标大;随着自燃煤矸石粗骨料取代率递增,混凝土拌和物的坍落度和混凝土的表观密度、弹性模量递减,塑性有一定程度改善,轴压纵向劈裂破坏形态越发明显;取代率小于50%的自燃煤矸石粗骨料对混凝土的内养护作用比其自身强度低的影响更为显著,使混凝土界面过渡区更为密实,抗压强度有一定幅度的提高;当取代率大于50%后,因自燃煤矸石粗骨料自身缺陷增多而导致混凝土强度有所下降.     

Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates

In this paper an investigation of mechanical behaviour and elastic properties of recycled-aggregate concretes is presented. These concretes were prepared by alternatively using two different (coarse and finer coarse) recycled-aggregate fractions both made of recycled concrete coming from a recycling plant in which rubble from demolition is collected and suitably treated. Several concrete mixtures were prepared by using only virgin aggregates (as reference), 30% finer coarse recycled aggregate replacing fine gravel and 30% coarse recycled aggregate replacing gravel. Five different water to cement ratios were adopted as: 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60. Concrete workability was in the slump range of 190–200 mm. Compression tests were carried out after 28 days of wet curing. In addition, concrete elastic modulus and drying shrinkage were evaluated. Results obtained showed that structural concrete up to C32/40 strength class can be manufactured by replacing 30% virgin aggregate with recycled-concrete aggregate. Moreover, a correlation between elastic modulus and compressive strength of recycled-aggregate concrete was found and compared to those reported in the literature. Finally, on the basis of drying shrinkage results, particularly if finer coarse recycled-concrete aggregate is added to the mixture, lower strains could be detected especially for earlier curing time.     

考虑粗骨料品质和取代率的再生混凝土抗压强度计算

再生混凝土的粗骨料表面存在硬化砂浆和大量的界面结构,致使其抗压强度较普通混凝土的有所降低,且受压破坏情况更为复杂。为建立一个普遍适用的再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度计算公式,试验中采用不同再生粗骨料品质、不同取代率的再生混凝土,研究了胶水比、再生粗骨料的品质和取代率对再生混凝土抗压强度的影响,并分析了再生粗骨料吸水率、表观密度和压碎指标等品质特征参数和其影响因子的相关性。在普通混凝土Bolomey抗压强度公式的基础上,建立了考虑骨料品质和取代率的再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度计算公式,并与常用的抗压强度计算公式的计算结果进行了误差比较。研究结果表明：再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度与胶水比、取代率之间均呈线性关系,并且再生粗骨料的品质对再生混凝土抗压强度影响显著;误差分析表明,与试验结果相比,普通混凝土Bolomey抗压强度公式的最大误差约为16.51%,考虑有效胶水比的再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度的最大误差约为36.33%,而考虑再生粗骨料品质差异和取代率的再生混凝土抗压强度的最大误差仅为4.90%,具有较高的精度和较好的适用性。     

大流动性轻集料混凝土研究

研究了粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰掺合料对大流动性轻集料混凝土性能的影响。试验结果表明，掺合料单掺效果不及复掺；用堆积密度为503kg/m^3，筒压强度为3．08MPa的页岩陶粒，复合掺入20％的磨细粉煤灰和20％的磨细矿渣，可配制出塌落度267mm、扩展度650mm,28d强度为28．8MPa，表观密度为1804kg/m^3的免振捣大流动性轻集料混凝土；轻集料的物理力学对大流动性轻集料混凝土的性能有重要影响。     

Properties of sustainable concrete containing fly ash,slag and recycled concrete aggregate

The suitability of using more “sustainable” concrete for wind turbine foundations and other applications involving large quantities of concrete was investigated. The approach taken was to make material substitutions so that the environmental, energy and CO₂-impact of concrete could be reduced. This was accomplished by partial replacement of cement with large volumes of fly ash or blast furnace slag and by using recycled concrete aggregate.Five basic concrete mixes were considered. These were: (1) conventional mix with no material substitutions, (2) 50% replacement of cement with fly ash, (3) 50% replacement of cement with blast furnace slag, (4) 70% replacement of cement with blast furnace slag and (5) 25% replacement of cement with fly ash and 25% replacement with blast furnace slag. Recycled concrete aggregate was investigated in conventional and slag-modified concretes. Properties investigated included compressive and tensile strengths, elastic modulus, coefficient of permeability and durability in chloride and sulphate solutions. It was determined that the mixes containing 50% slag gave the best overall performance. Slag was particularly beneficial for concrete with recycled aggregate and could reduce strength losses. Durability tests indicated slight increases in coefficient of permeability and chloride diffusion coefficient when using recycled concrete aggregate. However, values remained acceptable for durable concrete and the chloride diffusion coefficient was improved by incorporation of slag in the mix. Concrete with 50% fly ash had relatively poor performance for the materials and mix proportions used in this study and it is recommended that such mixes be thoroughly tested before use in construction projects.     

再生混凝土集料用于水泥稳定碎石研究及应用

通过对再生混凝土集料的特性及其用于水泥稳定碎石技术的研究,认为再生混凝土集料特别是再生混凝土细集料对水泥稳定碎石强度的影响非常大.同时,研究了再生集料的用法和用量、水泥稳定碎石延时成型的强度下降规律以及掺再生集料的水泥稳定碎石耐久性能等,发现掺再生集料的水泥稳定碎石强度发展良好,耐久性能十分优异,可在高等级公路上应用.     

Effects of elevated temperatures on properties of concrete

Concrete material in structures is likely exposed to high temperatures during fire. The relative properties of concrete after such an exposure are of great importance in terms of the serviceability of buildings. This paper presents the effects of elevated temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of various concrete mixtures prepared by ordinary Portland cement, crushed limestone, and river gravel. Test samples were subjected to elevated temperatures ranging from 200 to 1200 °C. After exposure, weight losses were determined and then compressive strength test was conducted. Test results indicated that weight of the specimen significantly reduced with an increase in temperature. This reduction was very sharp beyond 800 °C. The effects of water/cement (w/c) ratio and type of aggregate on losses in weight were not found to be significant. The results also revealed that the relative strength of concrete decreased as the exposure temperature increased. The effect of high temperatures on the strength of concrete was more pronounced for concrete mixtures produced by river gravel aggregate. The results of the physical and mechanical tests were also combined with those obtained from differential thermal analysis, and colour image analysis.     

钢骨陶粒混凝土压弯构件延性的研究

研究和工程实践表明 ,采用钢骨混凝土结构是提高其强度、延性和耗能能力 ,改善结构构件抗震性能的有效途径 ;而陶粒混凝土又具有轻质和高强的双重特点 ,并且陶粒混凝土的弹性模量小 ,用它建造的构筑物在地震作用下 ,所承受的自重相对钢骨混凝土结构小 ,振动波的传递也较慢 ,且自振周期长 ,对冲击能量吸收快。     

再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

以某10年龄期的既有建筑物废弃混凝土作为再生粗骨料原料,配制了坍落度达140 mm的C40泵送混凝土。以再生粗骨料取代率、粉煤灰取代率为主要研究参量,对配制的混凝土试块的立方体抗压、棱柱体抗压、劈裂抗拉和弹性模量等力学性能指标进行了系统的试验研究。结果表明,再生混凝土的抗压、劈裂抗拉破坏形态与普通混凝土基本一致。在满足坍落度一定的前提下,立方体抗压强度、棱柱体抗压强度和弹性模量随着再生骨料取代率的增加而降低,而随着粉煤灰取代率的增加而有所提升;劈裂抗拉强度离散性较大,无明显规律;各力学指标间关系受再生粗骨料和粉煤灰取代率的影响也不明显。研究结果可为再生粗骨料的应用提供参考。