Performance and dynamics of nano-size ZnO doped with metallic elements for desulfurization at room temperature

The desulfurizer research is focused on transition-metal oxide.The paper had discussed in depth the desulfurization activity of nano-size ZnO doped with metallic elements.In order to improve the desulfurization activity of nano-desulfurizer,we prepared the nano-size ZnO desulfurizer doped with iron,nickel and copper ionic respectively,using homogeneous precipitation.At the same time,the effects of different doped elements on the desulfurization activity of nano-size ZnO were compared by removing the pollutant of H2S.The experimental results showed that the desulfurization activity of metallic elements-doped nano-size ZnO increased significantly.When the molar ratio of Fe/Zn is 5:100(FZ5.0) and Cu/Zn is 2:100(CuZ2.0),their sulfur contents are 5.3% and 5.6% respectively.These desulfurizers can reach better desulfurization activity than that doped with nickel.Further research showed that,for CuZ2.0,the primary desulfurization activity is better than that of FZ5.0,but the regeneration temperature is as high as 570 ℃,and after three times regeneration/sulfuration cycle tests,the desulfurization activity decreases obviously.However,FZ5.0 can be recycled 5 times continuously at 370℃ with a stable desulfurization activity.In view of the better regeneration/sulfuration performance of FZ5.0,the dynamics of the removing H2S process by FZ5.0 were further studied.The result showed that the reaction order of removing H2S by FZ5.0 is 0.96385 at 25 ℃.     

Physico-chemical Characteristics of Wet-milled Ultrafine-granulated Phosphorus Slag as a Supplementary Cementitious Material

The phosphorus slag(PS) can be used as a supplementary cementitious material due to its potential hydrating activity. However, its usage has been limited by its adverse effects, including prolonged setting and lowered early-stage strength. In this study, we achieved ultrafine granulation of PS using wetmilling(reducing d50 to as low as 2.02 μm) in order to increase its activity, and examined the physico-chemical properties of the resulting materials, including particle-size distribution, slurry pH, zeta potential, and activity index, as well as how their replacement level and granularity affect the setting time and mechanical performance of PS-cement mixture systems. The results suggested that as the granularity increases, there are significant boosts in the uniformity of particle sizes, slurry pH, and activity index, and the effects on cement paste, including setting times, and early-and late-stage strengths, are significantly mitigated. When d_(50)=2.02 μm, the slurry becomes strongly alkaline(pH=12.16) compared to the initial d_(50)=20.75 μm(pH=9.49), and the activity is increased by 73%; when used at 40% replacement, the PS-cement mixture system can reach a 28 d compressive strength of 93.2 MPa, 36% higher than that of the pure cement control group.     

Formalization and Verification of Business Process Modeling Based on UML and Petri Nets

In order to provide a quantitative analysis and verification method for activity diagrams based business process modeling, a formal definition of activity diagrams is introduced. And the basic requirements for activity diagrams based business process models are proposed. Furthermore, the standardized transformation technique between business process models and basic Petri nets is presented and the analysis method for the soundness and well-structured properties of business processes is introduced.     

Effects of mixture inhomogeneity and combustion temperature on soot surface activity and soot formation in diesel engines

The soot surface growth plays significant role on the soot mass accumulation,which starts with H(hydrogen)atom abstraction forming activated soot surface sites,and is followed by the acetylene addition process.In this study,the effect of the mixture inhomogeneity and combustion temperature on the soot surface activity and soot formation was investigated by developing a new multi-step phenomenological(MSP)soot model of diesel engines.A new detailed soot surface growth mechanism was proposed by correlation analysis of combustion parameters with soot formation.The inhomogeneity coefficient of soot surface activityαCH and the specific rate of soot surface growth R CH were derived to highlight the effect of inhomogeneity of mixture and combustion temperature on soot formation.The predicted diesel engine-out soot agreed well with experimental findings in wide ranges of combustion conditions.In the case of lower engine load with single fuel injection and higher EGR(exhaust gas recirculation)rate,it had quiet homogeneous mixtures before ignition when the combustion temperature dominated the soot surface activity.At medium engine load with multi-pulse fuel injections,it got mixture slightly stratified before ignition and revealed that the mixture inhomogeneity became more dominated on soot surface activity than the combustion temperature.An increased soot surface activity led to increased soot emission.Under the full engine loads with single fuel injection but quite high boost pressure over 0.4 MPa,it led to the combustion conditions of higher mixture density and higher mixture heat capacity,which benefits the mixture homogeneity.The decay rate of soot surface activity became lower due to the decreased combustion temperature and the soot surface activity decreased due to improved mixture homogeneity.In addition,the lowered intake oxygen concentration due to usage of EGR played a role to lower the specific rate of soot surface growth R CH,but to increase the soot surface activityαCH.     

Use of Tetrazolium Salt INT for Estimation of Biological Activity of Activated Sludge Cultivated in SBR Process

The tetrazolium salt 2-（4-Iodophenyl） -3-（ 4-nitrophenyl ） -5-phenyltetrazolium chloride （INT） was used as a tool fi）r estimating the activity of the electron transport system （ETS） in activated sludge in a 40 L sequencing batch reactor （SBR） and domestie sewage as the organic substrate. The activity of INT-ETS during one SBR cycle, and the effeet of the ammonia concentration and the concentration of organic matter influent on the INT-ETS activity were investigated. The results show that： the use of INT is reliable in estimating of biological activity of activated sludge of SBR system; Biological activity of organic matter biodegradation, nitrification and denitrification process in SBR system reduce orderly. Obviously, INT-ETS activity reduces from 232.59 rny/（g · h） to 190. 65 rag/（ g ·h） at first and then decreases to 113.88 my/（ g · h） when influent concentration of COD and NH4＋-N is 300 my/L and 40 mg/L respectively. In addition, various influent Nitrogen （NH4＋-N are 14.5 mg/L and 42.0 my/L） and organic shock loading （COD are 293 mg/L and 685 my/L） experimenntions cure prove that operational conditions have no obvious effect on INT-ETS variation rule. However, the time of the appearance of feature points marking different reaction phase is influenced.     

Absolute Stability for Lurie Control System with Unbound Time Delays

Time delay existes widely in various real engineering systems and can result in unsatisfactory performance or even an instability of control systems. Therefore, to investigate the stability for time delay systems is of vitul importance in control theory and its applications. Many researchers have studied the stability criteria of systems with constant delay or bound varying time delay, but few of them studied large time delay or unbound time delay.Large time delay existes commonly in various engineering applications. In this paper, the absolute stability of Lurie type direct control systems and indirect control systems with several time delays are discussed. Based on Lyapunov theory, the new delay dependent absolute stability criteria are derived. In our theorem, time delays can be unbound functions, which shows that the results are less conservative than that of existed criteria.     

Reading Guide to This Issue

In the education activity of maintaining the communist‘s advancement, as the first batch of organization‘s members to conduct the activity, Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People‘s Republic of China (CNCA) organized the communists to study and practise the Party‘s spirit from several sides and achieved great progress.     

Climatology of global gravity wave activity and dissipation revealed by SABER/TIMED temperature observations

Gravity wave activity and dissipation in the height range from the low stratosphere to the low thermosphere(25–115 km)covering latitudes between 50°S and 50°N are statistically studied by using 9-year(January 22,2002–December 31,2010)SABER/TIMED temperature data.We propose a method to extract realistic gravity wave fluctuations from the temperature profiles and treat square temperature fluctuations as GW activity.Overall,the gravity wave activity generally increases with height.Near the equator(0°–10°),the gravity wave activity shows a quasi-biennial variation in the stratosphere(below 40 km)while from 20°to 30°,it exhibits an annual variation below 40 km;in low latitudes(0°–30°)between the upper stratosphere and the low thermosphere(40–115 km),the gravity wave activity shows a semi-annual variation.In middle latitudes(40°–50°),the gravity wave activity has a clear annual variation below 85 km.In addition,we observe a four-monthly variation with peaks occurring usually in April,August,December in the northern hemisphere and in February,June,October in the southern hemisphere,respectively,above 85 km in middle latitudes,which has been seldom reported in gravity wave activity.In order to study the dissipation of gravity wave propagation,we calculate the gravity wave dissipation ratio,which is defined as the ratio of the gravity wave growth scale height to the atmosphere density scale height.The height variation of the dissipation ratio indicates that strong gravity wave dissipation mainly concentrates in the three height regions:the stratosphere(30–60 km),the mesopause(around 85 km)and the low thermosphere(above 100 km).Besides,gravity wave energy enhancement can be also observed in the background atmosphere.     

Systematic Studies on the Aromatization of Light Hydrocarbon(

After studying the deactivation type of ZnNi/HZSM-5 catalyst of aromatization of light hydrocarbon, the conclusion was drawn that carbon deposition was the main one of modified ZSM-5 and the catalytic activity could be recovered by charking. The reactivation mode was presumed on the basis of the investigation of the influence of temperature on reactivation process by static charking in muffle furnace and dynamic charking in reactor. Reactivation process simulating industrial charking process at macroscopic calorific effect was studied in 100 mL miniature continuous fixed-bed reactor. The result shows that charking was a diffusion process forming hot spot in catalyst from outer to inner and maximum reactivation temperature was the most important factor among the influential ones including oxygen content, space velocity, time and maximum temperature. Catalytic activity could be recovered only when temperature was higher than 575℃. Meanwhile, reactivation time was determined by space velocity and oxygen content. The best scheme (low initial burning temperature and single charking) was confirmed from the comparison of the three reactivation ones. According to the third scheme, reactivation time was cut down by one half and catalyst stability was maintained after repeated reactivation with the recovery of ZnNi/HZSM-5 catalytic activity.     

波带交换光网络中的一种动态路由和波长分配算法

分析了波带交换(WBS)光网络中多粒度连接的特点,提出了一种新的动态路由和波长分配算法——最长波带通道(LBP)算法。为了有效地减少网络成本和网络的阻塞率,LBP算法在业务到达时按照尽量利用已存在的最长波带通道、新建波带通道和新建波长通道等不同的优先级顺序来实现连接的建立。本文比较了此算法下采用不同节点交换比例和不同路由方式时波带交换网络的阻塞性能,并分析了不同业务量时多粒度交叉连接节点的最佳交换比例,所得结果对波带交换网络的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

无线传感器和执行器网络可靠高效路由

针对当前的无线传感器与执行器网络（WSAN）技术缺乏实时性能以及工业无线环境的动态性问题,基于Kautz图设计容错、实时、高效、可靠的先验式路由FRER,不需要维持路由表,只利用节点IDs,根据节点IDs的匹配长度快速找到目标节点的最短路径.当节点故障时,不需要进行路径重挑,根据自身ID与目标节点ID的匹配,上一跳节点能够快速找到剩余节点的最短路径.考虑路径的多样性,不局限于Kautz拓扑,利用邻居节点信息拓展网络中路径的多样性.考虑链路故障,基于链路可用性历史信息组合多路径,保证在链路故障情况下网络维持可接受水平的路由路径可用性.实验结果表明,与REFER和Debruijn图相比,FRER在实时性、容错性和可靠性性能上优于两者.     

露天矿生产计划问题

在基于T．B．Johnson提出的编制露天矿的生产进度计划Johnson模型的基础上，着重论述用综合集合法、CPM网络和目标规划法的近似模型来解该生产进度计划问题的最新算法、编程及应用．     

复杂open shop问题的网络模型及 调度规则设计

针对当前调度规则设计缺乏系统性这一现状,提出一种基于复杂网络理论的系统化设计启发式调度规则的框架.通过将复杂open shop (COS) 调度对象描述成复杂调度网络,并将相关的COS调度问题描述成对应复杂调度网络上的结点执行问题,从而将COS调度问题纳入到复杂网络理论体系下进行研究.在此基础上,通过在不同复杂调度网络上进行结点执行实验,发现复杂调度网络平均度值特征和网络结点平均总执行时间之间呈现对数关系.这一事实为设计基于度值的调度规则提供了理论基础,即优先执行度值大的结点,使得后续复杂调度网络具有尽可能小的平均度值.仿真实例证实,与其他调度规则相比基于度值的COS调度规则能够取得更好的最大完成时间（MFT）性能.     

基于拓扑有效连通路径的有向网络链路预测方法

链路预测旨在利用已有的网络拓扑信息来挖掘未知连边,具有较高的应用价值.大部分已有的基于拓扑结构的方法,关注节点对之间的路径数或者预测节点对的出入度,未有效挖掘节点对之间的连边长度和连边上节点的影响力对相似性的影响.针对此问题,该文提出了基于拓扑有效连通路径的链路预测方法,并分析了不同路径长度在节点度、半局部中心性和H-...     

基于Kleinberg模型的P2P网络搜索协议

针对基于DHT技术的结构化P2P网络存在路由效率低和负载不均衡问题,依据Kleinberg小世界模型设计了一个结构化P2P网络协议.P2P网络由一些相互连接结点类构成,结点类之间存在长程连接和短程连接,具有一定的小世界特征,减少了查询路由步数;通过设置结点类内部结点数量的最大值,可以平衡P2P网络负载;分析了P2P网络搜索开销,基于Kleinberg小世界模型的P2P网络搜索平均传递步数存在一个上界.实验结果表明,随着网络规模的扩大,平均搜索步数呈对数函数增长;长程连接数量增多可以减少平均搜索步数,减少的趋势呈反比函数.     

基于复杂网络理论的成都市公交网络拓扑特性研究

应用复杂网络的理论, 结合统计得到的截止到2014年1月20日的成都市公共交通实际数据, 构建邻接站点式的有向加权复杂网络, 考虑上、下行线路(环线为内、外环)在站点布设和行车方向上的不同对网络拓扑特性的影响, 对成都市公交网络的拓扑特性进行分析。结果表明, 邻接站点式成都公交复杂网络节点平均度为2.52, 节点强度分布不均, 最大值达到45, 平均节点强度为4.75, 网络整体上服从幂律分布, 具有较为明显的小世界特性。随着网络规模由成都市区向郊区扩张, 网络平均最短路径长度由16.90增至34.19, 增长明显。网络聚集系数0.14, 体现出相对较高的公交路网发展水平。       

基于关键链技术的工程项目进度规划问题研究

关键链技术是约束理论在项目管理中的新应用．本文针对CPM／PERT存在的弊端，研究基于关键链的项目进度规划问题，提出了多资源约束下的进度规划模型，对缓冲区的设置提出了新的改进办法，最后探讨了关键链技术进一步的研究方向．     

层次型软件定义无线传感器网络资源调度策略

为了解决传统无线传感器网络基于特定任务导致资源利用率及能量效率低下,且无法适应网络拓扑动态变化的问题,提出了针对多任务并发场景的层次型软件定义无线传感器网络资源调度策略。将软件定义网络引入无线传感网实现控制层和数据层解耦,通过灵活的网络资源调度策略同时完成多个任务,在保证监测质量的前提下,最小化网络总能耗;此外,软件定义的主节点可及时获取网络拓扑变化,并通过簇头节点实现簇内资源调度,提高优化效率,并降低能量消耗。结果表明,所提出的全局网络资源调度策略提高了能量效率和资源利用率,簇内资源调度在高效解决网络动态事件的同时降低了主节点的控制开销。     

多跳Ad Hoc网络中支持MIMO的广播传输调度算法

针对当前支持MIMO的多址协议仅支持点对点传输,提出多跳Ad Hoc网络中支持MIMO的广播传输时分多址接入协议,其核心算法是保证每个节点无冲突传输广播业务且保证最小帧长的时隙调度算法,充分利用了MIMO系统并行数据流传输的特性,该特性可使发生传输冲突的节点集从两跳范围内的邻节点减小到一跳范围内的邻节点,从而提高网络容量．结果表明该协议可极大地提高网络容量和减小平均分组时延．