SiCp/A356复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以Al₂O₃ 陶瓷球为对偶材料,借助UMT-2型摩擦磨损试验机研究了温度、载荷和转速对铸态SiC_p/A356复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损特性的影响,并利用扫描电镜和奥林巴斯激光共焦扫描显微镜观察分析其磨损行为。结果表明,载荷和转速一定时,随温度的升高,材料的摩擦稳定性和耐磨性能急剧下降,磨损机理也由剥落磨损转变为严重的粘着磨损。磨损过程中,载荷和转速引起材料摩擦表面温度变化,以及材料中SiC颗粒的影响,使得材料的磨损率随载荷增加而增加,摩擦系数则随载荷先增加后减小。随温度、载荷和转速增加,复合材料的摩擦稳定性和耐磨性都大幅度下降。     

Friction and wear behavior of laser-sintered iron–silicon carbide composites

Laser sintering is currently one of the most popular techniques to develop innovative materials for many of the high tech industrial applications owing to its ability to build complex parts in a short time. As such, material researchers are focusing on developing advanced metal matrix composites through selective laser sintering method to develop an intricate component eliminating delay in production time. In the light of the above, the present work focuses on developing iron–silicon carbide (nickel coated) composites using direct metal laser sintering technology. A laser speed of 50, 75, 100 and 125 mm/s were adopted. Metallographic studies, friction and wear test using pin-on-disc have been carried out on both the matrix metal and its composites. Load was varied from 10 to 80 N while sliding velocity was varied from 0.42 to 3.36 m/s for a duration of 30 min. A maximum of 7 wt.% of silicon carbide has been successfully dispersed in iron matrix by laser sintering. Increased content of SiC in iron matrix has resulted in significant improvement of both hardness and wear resistance. Lower the sintering speed, higher is the hardness and wear resistance of both the matrix metal and its composites. However, coefficient of friction of composites increased with increased SiC under identical test conditions. SEM observations of the worn surfaces have revealed extensive damage to the iron pins, when compared with that of the composites.     

颗粒增强铝基梯度复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

摘要采用新型喷射沉积技术制备SiC体积分数呈连续分布(0～30%)的Al-Si基梯度复合材料,利用MG-2000型销-盘磨擦磨损试验机,研究不同滑动转速和载荷对该梯度复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.采用SEM和MHV-2000型维氏硬度计研究该梯度复合材料的显微组织、硬度及其耐磨性的梯度分布规律.结果表明随着滑动转速和载荷的增大,梯度材料的摩擦因数逐渐降低;材料的磨损率随载荷的增加而增大,随滑动转速的提高先增大后减小,在转速500 r/min时达到最大;对比研究沉积态与热压态材料的摩擦磨损行为,喷射沉积态由于孔隙等缺陷的存在,其磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损和剥层磨损;热压后,梯度材料的磨损形式以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主;随基体中SiC含量的逐渐增加,锭坯各部分硬度和耐磨性也随之提高.     

铝表面磨擦焊镀工艺

通过在铝表面磨擦焊镀锌基稀土焊丝试验，分析了摩擦焊镀技术的摩擦加热过程及焊镀机理；研究了规范参数对摩擦焊镀过程的影响，焊镀层与基体的结合机理及焊镀层的性能特点。试验结果表明：(1)规范参数不仅影响摩擦焊镀过程，而且影响焊镀层尺寸；(2)焊镀层与基体之间为冶金结合；(3)只要选择合适的规范参数，不仅可以获得均匀、牢固的焊镀层，而且可以明显提高材料的表面强度。     

Drilling of composites and resulting surface integrity

In aircraft manufacturing there is an ongoing demand for the use of lightweight materials. This is motivated by the ecological requirements for minimized fuel consumption as well as for economic reasons like low operating costs, long maintenance cycles, and large ranges of the aircraft with high passenger numbers (reduction of life-cycle-cost). These requirements are demanding light weight construction materials, and as a result are leading to the need of new manufacturing methods and advanced machining technologies. In this paper results are presented and discussed regarding the thermal and mechanical influence of orbital drilling and conventional drilling processes on the borehole surface layer in aluminum, CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), and titanium materials (multi-layer materials). Different process parameters were investigated and compared regarding their influence on surface integrity of the borehole. This was accomplished by measuring the cutting temperatures and forces as well as by analyzing micrographs in cross-sectional areas. As an example the investigations reveal that the use of high cutting speeds leads to increasing borehole surface layer damage in the CFRP material.     

Friction and wear behavior of TiC particle reinforced ZA43 matrix composites

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多壁纳米碳管／Cu基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性

利用销－盘式磨损试验机研究了粉末冶金法制备的多壁纳米碳管／Cu基复合材料的稳态摩擦磨损行为,并用扫描电镜分析了复合材料的磨损形貌。结果表明：多壁纳米碳管／Cu基复合材料具有较小的摩擦系数,并随纳米碳管质量分数的增加而逐渐降低;由于复合材料中纳米碳管的增强和减摩作用,在低载荷和中等载荷作用下,随着纳米碳管质量分数的增加,复合材料的磨损率减小;而在高载荷作用下,由于发生表面开裂和片状层剥落,含纳米碳管质量分数高的复合材料的磨损率增高。     

电厂飞灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损行为

对挤压铸造制成的飞灰颗粒增强ZL109复合材料在不同条件下的的摩擦磨损行为进行了研究。结果表明：飞灰颗粒的加入可提高铝合金材料的耐磨性,复合材料同基体合金相比,摩擦因数也较低。在摩擦磨损过程中,在较低载荷下复合材料的摩擦表面形成一稳定的摩擦转移层,该转移层的存在可以起到降低摩擦因数的作用。在较高载荷下由于该摩擦转移层遭到破坏,从而影响了其减摩作用的发挥。镶嵌在基体中的飞灰颗粒在摩擦过程中主要起到承受载荷、限制对磨材料与铝基体直接接触的作用。脱落的飞灰颗粒可以起到“滚珠”的作用,在摩擦表面形成“三体”摩擦,从而起到减摩的作用。     

Friction and wear properties of Cu-based self-lubricating composites in air and vacuum conditions

Cu-based self-lubricating materials containing two different solid lubricants (graphite and MoS 2 ) were fabricated by P/M hot pressing techniques. Physical and mechanical properties of the samples were examined. The effects of graphite and MoS 2 contents on friction coefficient and wear rate were investigated by a ring-on-disc wear machine in air and vacuum conditions, respectively. Tribo-films formed on the worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that density, hardness and bending strength all increased with the increasing content of MoS 2 , while the relative density was opposite. Sample B containing 15 vol. pct graphite and 15 vol. pct MoS 2 possessed superior tribological properties both in air and vacuum conditions. However, the tribo-films formed on the worn surfaces of the sample B were greatly discrepant in composition at different testing conditions. In air, the volume ratio of MoS 2 and graphite in the tribo-films is 0.31:1 whereas the ratio in vacuum is 1.07:1.     

不同基体炭C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以炭纤维针刺毡为预制体,采用化学气相沉积法(CVI)和结合液相浸渍树脂或沥青法制备了热解炭为粗糙层与光滑层结构的准三维C/C复合材料,并研究了这些材料在0.6 MPa的模拟刹车压力下的摩擦磨损性能与磨损机理.研究表明:基体炭为粗糙层热解炭与树脂炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面能形成较厚且连续的自润滑摩擦膜,摩擦稳定性最好,摩擦因数适中,氧化磨损小,磨损机理主要为膜的部分脱落、氧化磨损与相对较小的磨粒磨损;基体炭为光滑层热解炭与树脂炭或沥青炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面形成的摩擦膜较薄且不连续,摩擦稳定性差,摩擦磨损较大,磨损机制主要为膜的部分脱落、磨粒磨损与更严重的氧化磨损;随着密度的升高,C/C复合材料摩擦稳定性增加,摩擦因数增加,磨损降低;基体炭为单一沥青炭的C/C复合材料,由于没有热解炭对纤维的保护,纤维断裂多,线性磨损尤其大,磨损机理主要为大量的磨粒磨损与氧化磨损.     

Laser surface modification of zinc-base composites

The unique, ultrafine microstructure that evolves during laser surface modification of a zinc-base metal-matrix composite (MMC) directly affects surface properties such as corrosion and wear. Preliminary studies indicate that over the experimental range of conditions, the corrosion rate and the wear rate of the laser surface-treated MMC are lower than of that the untreated MMC. Further, x-ray diffractometry analysis of the laser surface-treated sample shows that unconventional, nonequilibrium phases are created in the process.     

TiC颗粒强化Ti-30Fe复合材料的摩擦行为

将Ti、Fe和TiC粉末进行低温球磨,并结合放电等离子烧结制备Ti-Fe-xTiC(x=0,3,6,9,质量分数％)复合材料.结果表明:该复合材料中含有β-Ti、β-Ti-Fe、η-Ti4Fe2O0.4以及TiC颗粒.显微组织随着TiC添加量的增加而显著细化.粘着磨损是Ti-Fe-xTiC复合材料的主要磨损机制.随着T...     

三维机织C／C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用碳纤维织造了三维角联锁和三向正交2种不同三维机织物,首先采用化学气相渗透(CVI)使其致密,再采用液相树脂浸渍/碳化的补充增密技术,制备出粗糙层结构热解碳和树脂碳双元基体C/C复合材料;对该C/C复合材料进行摩擦磨损实验,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对三维机织物增强的C/C复合材料的摩擦面以及磨屑形貌进行观察,对其磨损机理进行分析.结果表明:三维角联锁C/C复合材料比三向正交C/C复合材料的摩擦因数低(分别为0.40和0.48),二者的摩擦性能均稳定,后者比前者磨损量小,说明Z向纤维束有利于提高摩擦因数并降低磨损量.     

Friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites reinforced by tungsten-coated carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated by tungsten layer using metal organic chemical vapor deposition process with tungsten hexacarbonyl as a precursor. The W-coated CNTs (W-CNTs) were dispersed into Cu powders by magnetic stirring process and then the mixed powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering to fabricate W-CNTs/Cu composites. The CNTs/Cu composites were fabricated using the simi-lar processes. The friction coefficient and mass wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu and CNTs/Cu composites were studied. The results showed that the W-CNT content, interfacial bonding situation, and applied load could influence the friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu com-posites. When the W-CNT content was 1.0 wt.%, the W-CNTs/Cu composites got the minimum friction coefficient and wear loss, which were decreased by 72.1% and 47.6%, respectively, compared with pure Cu specimen. The friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu composites were lower than those of CNTs/Cu composites, which was due to that the interfacial bonding at (W-CNTs)-Cu interface was bet-ter than that at CNTs-Cu interface. The friction coefficient of composites did not vary obviously with increasing applied load, while the wear loss of composites increased significantly with the increase of applied load.     

Friction and wear properties of casting in-situ silicon particle reinforced ZA27 composites

The effects of silicon particle content and testing temperature on friction and wear properties of casting in-situ silicon particle reinforced ZA27 composites were investigated. The wear mechanisms were mainly discussed by observations of both worn surfaces and their side views. The results indicated that the variations of wear resistance with increasing of silicon particle content, at all of the testing temperatures applied, showed a similar tendency with a manner of non-monotonous change. It was surpdsed that the wear resistance decreased with the increase of silicon particle content from 2 vol.% to 5 vol.%, while it increased when the content was less than 2 vol.% or more than 5 vol.%. Similarly, the friction coefficient also did not change monotonously. The dominative wear mechanism changed from a relatively severe regime of plastic deformation accompanied by adhesion wear to a mild regime of smear, then to a very severe regime of severe plastic deformation induced wear, and finally again to a relatively mild regime of smear accompanied by abrasive wear as the silicon content increased. The wear resistance always decreased with elevating testing temperature, but the decrease ranges were different for the composites with different silicon contents. The friction coefficients changed irregularly for the different composites with the increase of testing temperature. Correspondingly, the wear mechanism alternated from a mild regime of smear accompanied by abrasive wear to a severe regime of plastic deformation accompanied by adhesion wear.     

CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的制备及其性能

以针刺整体炭毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)增密制备C/C多孔体,然后采用反应熔体浸渗法(RMI),将Cu与Si同时熔渗进C/C坯体中制备CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料.研究CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的组织结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,并与C/C-SiC复合材料进行对比.结果表明:CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击韧性略低于C/C-SiC复合材料的;采用30Cr钢作对偶时,CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的摩擦因数约为0.24,线磨损率小于4 μm·side-1·cycle-1,均与C/C-SiC复合材料的相近,但其摩擦表面温度降低约50 ℃;以自身材料作对偶时,CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的摩擦磨损性能略低于C/C-SiC复合材料的.     

Friction and the development of hard alloy surface microstructures during wear

Investigations of wear in sliding friction of WC-Hadfield steel hard alloy against cast tool steel have been carried out in a broad range of velocities and pressure values. Structural and phase composition variations have been revealed. Friction-affected zone was found to be 450 μm in depth. Structural γ → α, γ → transformation regions are located within 100 μm of the surface. These transformations contributed to the total solid solution deformation hardening.     

激光表面织构氮化钛薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

采用磁控溅射法制备了TiN薄膜,研究了其与激光表面织构的摩擦学协同效应,并基于磨损表面分析,探讨了其减摩抗磨机理。结果表明：TiN薄膜与表面织构具有优异的协同抗磨作用,但减摩作用不明显。织构化TiN薄膜的磨损率相对于原始TiN薄膜降低约20%。表面织构因“机械捕捉效应”和“微存储效应”降低TiN薄膜磨损表面的物质损失,磨损机理为氧化磨损和磨粒磨损。     

原位合成Al2O3增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

通过采用粉末冶金和原位合成技术相结合的近净成形技术制备Al-5％Si-Al2O3复合材料,并运用M一2000摩擦磨损试验机对该复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。通过单一变量比较法分析载荷和滑动速度对Al-5％Si-Al2O3复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,同时对长时间连续磨损下该材料的摩擦性能进行研究。通过扫描电子显微镜对Al-5％Si-Al2O3复合材料的磨损表面进行观察,并分析其磨损机制。结果表明,随着载荷的增大,试样的磨损量和摩擦因数均增加;随着滑动速度的增大,试样表面的升温使得产生氧化层的速率增加,试样的磨损量和摩擦因数均减少。在长时间的连续磨损过程中,由于初始时发生粘着磨损,试样的摩擦因数随着滑动距离的增大而增大。然后,试样表面氧化层的形成和破坏趋于动态平衡,试样表面相对稳定,其摩擦因数也随之趋于平稳。铝基复合材料的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。