羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的制备及应用于空心胶囊的研究

魔芋葡甘聚糖经羧甲基化改性后,其溶解性、抗潮性、成膜性能等明显改善,可用作空心胶囊的囊材。本文通过正交试验,得出了魔芋葡甘聚糖羧甲基化改性作囊材的最宜反应条件:6g魔芋精粉,6g氯乙酸,1.2g碘化钾,70℃水浴反应4h,所得产物的取代度为0.571。研究了改性后羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的理化性能。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的氧化改性及其性质研究

用过氧化氢对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行氧化改性,探讨了不同温度、pH值及反应时间对氧化反应的影响.通过单因素和正交试验,对其改性反应条件进行优化,以黏度(η)和产物取代度(DS)为评价指标,综合二者确定氧化的最佳条件为:反应温度为55℃、pH值为11、反应时间为3 h,得到η为10.13 mPa·s,产物DS达到0.4926.     

乙酸钠对魔芋葡甘聚糖羧甲基化改性的影响

魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）分子链上的乙酰基团在强碱的作用下会发生脱乙酰作用.用乙酸钠代替氢氧化钠,研究了羧甲基化改性的条件,结果如下：反应温度为60℃、乙酸钠用量30g、反应2.0h时,产物获得较高的取代度（DS）;反应温度为60℃、乙酸钠用量10g、反应2.0 h时,产物获得较高的表观粘度（η）.运用红外光谱对产物进行了结构表征,并通过多角度激光光散射仪测定了分子量分布.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖醚化改性产物的流变学研究

魔芋葡甘聚糖羧甲基化是其醚化改性的主要途径。本文通过改性产物浓度、介质温度和剪切速率的变化考察了羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶胶的流变性能。实验表明,在0～100℃范围内,粘度随溶胶温度上升而下降;浓度低于0.25%时,CMKGM溶胶近似于牛顿流体,当浓度高于0.25%时,其表现为假塑性流体,且其假塑性随浓度增大更为突显;剪切速率的增大,直接导致粘度递减,且高浓度溶液受其影响更明显;静态激光散射分析表明,羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖分子量较原魔芋葡甘聚糖下降约16.7%,根据第二维里系数的增大和均方根回转半径的较小改变反映出羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖溶胶的水溶性更好,这些均为魔芋葡甘聚糖在工业上的深入开发应用提供了参考依据。     

硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖的制备及其应用研究

目的制备硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖(sulfated konjac glucomannan,SKGM)并研究其与大分子黄原胶的复配作用机制。方法用市售魔芋精粉为原料,采用创新的乙醇-超滤沉淀法获得高纯度的魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM),在氯磺酸的作用下制备出硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖,以粘度为指标,分析讨论SKGM与大分子黄原胶(xanthan gum,XG)的作用机制。结果制备的魔芋葡甘聚糖冻干粉纯度为98.61%,此时粘均分子量179万,粘度870 mpa/s;合成硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖最佳反应条件是时间3 h,温度为70℃,氯磺酸6 m L,通过计算得知取代度为1.053。硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖和黄原胶复配物因为氢键作用使得粘度显著增加。结论该研究获得一种精制高粘度魔芋葡甘聚糖及其酯化产物的方法,并得到其酯化产物SKGM和XG的复配机制。     

不同魔芋葡甘聚糖降解物抑制肿瘤活性的比较研究

为了进一步明确不同品种魔芋抗肿瘤活性的差异,分别以白魔芋和花魔芋为原料,先对其所含的魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)进行辐照酶解处理制备魔芋葡甘聚糖片段(KF),再通过体内外抑瘤试验,分别探究两种降解产物的抗肿瘤活性,并作分析比较。结果表明:两个品种的魔芋葡甘聚糖片段浓度的增加,宫颈癌细胞株的存活率逐渐降低,艾氏腹水瘤(EAC)小鼠的移植性实体瘤和脏器指数均有不同程度的增强;白魔芋葡甘聚糖片段的抑制肿瘤活性比花魔芋葡甘聚糖片段的强。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的酯化及其产物特性

为提高魔芋葡甘聚糖性能,扩大其应用范围,用六偏磷酸钠与魔芋葡甘聚糖进行酯化反应. 采用红外光谱测得其产物的结构表征,并研究了其性能.结果表明:酯化改性的最佳条件为:m(六偏磷酸钠)∶m(葡甘聚糖)=1∶8,温度 55 ℃,pH值 2,时间 1.5 h.在此条件下,产物的粘度、溶胶稳定性、冻融稳定性、透明度均有改善,产物适用于冷冻食品等行业.     

空心胶囊用氧化魔芋葡甘聚糖的绿色制备工艺研究

为了探索一种在微波辐射下通过臭氧氧化魔芋葡甘聚糖制备空心胶囊的新方法,探讨了不同反应温度、臭氧浓度及反应时间对氧化反应的影响。通过单因素试验及正交试验,对其改性反应条件进行优化,以产物取代度(DS)和黏度(η)为评价指标,综合二者确定氧化的最佳条件。结果表明:最佳条件为反应温度60℃、臭氧浓度50mg/m L、反应时间50 min,得到产物的DS为0.553 8,黏度为56.1 m Pa·s。该改进制备工艺条件高效,对环境友好,具有药剂学的应用价值。     

微波法制备羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的工艺及产物性能研究

为对微波法制备羧甲基葡甘聚糖工艺及其产品的理化性质进行研究,采用单因素试验研究魔芋葡甘聚糖/氯乙酸物质的量比、魔芋葡甘聚糖/ 氢氧化钠物质的量比、微波反应时间和温度对羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖取代度的影响,在此基础上通过正交试验确定最佳工艺参数并研究所得产物的基本性质及其应用性能。结果表明：微波法制备羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的最佳工艺是：氯乙酸、魔芋葡甘聚糖和氢氧化钠物质的量比值为1.1:1:2.5,反应温度75℃,反应时间8min,在此条件下产品的取代度为0.48;产品极易溶于水形成透明溶液,溶液稳定性增强;此外,随着取代度的提高,产品的吸潮性能和保水性能也逐渐增强。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的羧甲基化改性及其应用研究

对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行羧甲基化改性条件的研究。结果表明：在3g魔芋精粉，13％的NaOH300,3mol/l一氯醋酸100ml，50℃反应5h为最佳反应条件。与未改性相比，溶胶稳定性提高28倍，耐洗擦性提高11倍，且具有相当的耐沸水能力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the